教你如何在SpringMVC项目中单独使用Feign组件（含源码分析）

为什么80%的码农都做不了架构师？>>>   

需求

在项目中，经常有基于Restful格式的接口需要调用，特别是远程调用。做法有多种，例如：自己手写http请求接口、使用Spring的RestTemplate进行远程调用等。得益于SpringCloud组件的Feign组件，有了一种易于上手，忽略请求细节的选择方案。

我们当前有很多应用是基于SpringMVC开发的，而目前线上大部分集成Feign的解决方案都是基于SpringCloud，至少基于SpringBoot的场景。（参考网上的案例，自己整理了可行方案）

源码分析

【源码】SynchronousMethodHandler、Client类（含解释）

每次通过业务代码调用接口的时候，都会调用：

/*
 * Copyright 2014 Netflix, Inc.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package feign;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import feign.InvocationHandlerFactory.MethodHandler;
import feign.Request.Options;
import feign.codec.DecodeException;
import feign.codec.Decoder;
import feign.codec.ErrorDecoder;

import static feign.FeignException.errorExecuting;
import static feign.FeignException.errorReading;
import static feign.Util.checkNotNull;
import static feign.Util.ensureClosed;

final class SynchronousMethodHandler implements MethodHandler {

  private static final long MAX_RESPONSE_BUFFER_SIZE = 8192L;

  private final MethodMetadata metadata;
  private final Target<?> target;
  private final Client client;
  private final Retryer retryer;
  private final List<RequestInterceptor> requestInterceptors;
  private final Logger logger;
  private final Logger.Level logLevel;
  private final RequestTemplate.Factory buildTemplateFromArgs;
  private final Options options;
  private final Decoder decoder;
  private final ErrorDecoder errorDecoder;
  private final boolean decode404;

//创建实例，同时根据容器配置的参数进行加载，此处可以在Register（后面有代码）中个性化配置
  private SynchronousMethodHandler(Target<?> target, Client client, Retryer retryer,
                                   List<RequestInterceptor> requestInterceptors, Logger logger,
                                   Logger.Level logLevel, MethodMetadata metadata,
                                   RequestTemplate.Factory buildTemplateFromArgs, Options options,
                                   Decoder decoder, ErrorDecoder errorDecoder, boolean decode404) {
    this.target = checkNotNull(target, "target");
    this.client = checkNotNull(client, "client for %s", target);
    this.retryer = checkNotNull(retryer, "retryer for %s", target);
    this.requestInterceptors =
        checkNotNull(requestInterceptors, "requestInterceptors for %s", target);
    this.logger = checkNotNull(logger, "logger for %s", target);
    this.logLevel = checkNotNull(logLevel, "logLevel for %s", target);
    this.metadata = checkNotNull(metadata, "metadata for %s", target);
    this.buildTemplateFromArgs = checkNotNull(buildTemplateFromArgs, "metadata for %s", target);
    this.options = checkNotNull(options, "options for %s", target);
    this.errorDecoder = checkNotNull(errorDecoder, "errorDecoder for %s", target);
    this.decoder = checkNotNull(decoder, "decoder for %s", target);
    this.decode404 = decode404;
  }

//方法调用时执行的代码，其中executeAndDecode是最重要的，就是基于http的请求以及数据格式转码
  @Override
  public Object invoke(Object[] argv) throws Throwable {
    RequestTemplate template = buildTemplateFromArgs.create(argv);
    Retryer retryer = this.retryer.clone();
    while (true) {
      try {
        return executeAndDecode(template);
      } catch (RetryableException e) {
        retryer.continueOrPropagate(e);
        if (logLevel != Logger.Level.NONE) {
          logger.logRetry(metadata.configKey(), logLevel);
        }
        continue;
      }
    }
  }

//源码请求发送和接收处理类
  Object executeAndDecode(RequestTemplate template) throws Throwable {
    Request request = targetRequest(template);

    if (logLevel != Logger.Level.NONE) {
      logger.logRequest(metadata.configKey(), logLevel, request);
    }

    Response response;
    long start = System.nanoTime();
    try {
      response = client.execute(request, options);
    } catch (IOException e) {
      if (logLevel != Logger.Level.NONE) {
        logger.logIOException(metadata.configKey(), logLevel, e, elapsedTime(start));
      }
      throw errorExecuting(request, e);
    }
    long elapsedTime = TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS.toMillis(System.nanoTime() - start);

    boolean shouldClose = true;
    try {
      if (logLevel != Logger.Level.NONE) {
        response =
            logger.logAndRebufferResponse(metadata.configKey(), logLevel, response, elapsedTime);
      }
      if (Response.class == metadata.returnType()) {
        if (response.body() == null) {