常见流程分析之一(Tcp异步连接)
我们用一个简单的demo分析Tcp异步连接的流程:
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <boost/asio.hpp> 3 4 // 异步连接回调函数 5 void on_connect(boost::system::error_code ec) 6 { 7 if (ec) // 连接失败, 输出错误码 8 std::cout << "async connect error:" << ec.message() << std::endl; 9 else // 连接成功 10 std::cout << "async connect ok!" << std::endl; 11 } 12 13 int main() 14 { 15 boost::asio::io_service ios; // 创建io_service对象 16 boost::asio::ip::tcp::endpoint addr( 17 boost::asio::ip::address::from_string("127.0.0.1"), 12345); // server端地址 18 boost::asio::ip::tcp::socket conn_socket(ios); // 创建tcp协议的socket对象 19 conn_socket.async_connect(addr, &on_connect); // 发起异步连接请求 20 ios.run(); // 调用io_service::run, 等待异步操作结果 21 22 std::cin.get(); 23 return 0; 24 }
这段代码中的异步连接请求在asio源码中的序列图如下:
其中,basic_socket是个模板类,tcp协议中的socket的定义如下:
typedef basic_socket<tcp> socket;
reactor的定义如下:
#if defined(BOOST_ASIO_WINDOWS_RUNTIME)
typedef class null_reactor reactor;
#elif defined(BOOST_ASIO_HAS_IOCP)
typedef class select_reactor reactor;
#elif defined(BOOST_ASIO_HAS_EPOLL)
typedef class epoll_reactor reactor;
#elif defined(BOOST_ASIO_HAS_KQUEUE)
typedef class kqueue_reactor reactor;
#elif defined(BOOST_ASIO_HAS_DEV_POLL)
typedef class dev_poll_reactor reactor;
#else
typedef class select_reactor reactor;
#endif
在这个序列图中最值得注意的一点是:在windows平台下,异步连接请求不是由Iocp处理的,而是由select模型处理的,这是与异步读写数据最大的不同之处。
* 常见流程分析之二(Tcp异步接受连接)
我们用一个简单的demo分析Tcp异步连接的流程:
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <boost/asio.hpp> 3 #include <boost/bind.hpp> 4 5 // 异步连接回调函数 6 void on_accept(boost::system::error_code ec, boost::asio::ip::tcp::socket * socket_ptr) 7 { 8 if (ec) // 连接失败, 输出错误码 9 std::cout << "async accept error:" << ec.message() << std::endl; 10 else // 连接成功 11 std::cout << "async accept from (" << socket_ptr->remote_endpoint() << ")" << std::endl; 12 13 // 断开连接, 释放资源. 14 socket_ptr->close(), delete socket_ptr; 15 } 16 17 int main() 18 { 19 boost::asio::io_service ios; // 创建io_service对象 20 boost::asio::ip::tcp::endpoint addr( 21 boost::asio::ip::address::from_string("0.0.0.0"), 12345); // server端地址 22 boost::asio::ip::tcp::acceptor acceptor(ios, addr, false); // 创建acceptor对象 23 boost::asio::ip::tcp::socket * socket_ptr = new boost::asio::ip::tcp::socket(ios); 24 acceptor.async_accept(*socket_ptr 25 , boost::bind(&on_accept, boost::asio::placeholders::error, socket_ptr)); // 调用异步accept请求 26 ios.run(); // 调用io_service::run, 等待异步操作结果 27 28 std::cin.get(); 29 return 0; 30 }
这段代码中的异步连接请求在asio源码中的序列图如下:
* 常见流程分析之三(Tcp异步读写数据)
我们依然以上一节的例子为基础,扩展一个简单的demo分析Tcp异步读写数据的流程:
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <boost/asio.hpp> 3 #include <boost/bind.hpp> 4 #include <boost/shared_ptr.hpp> 5 #include <boost/array.hpp> 6 7 typedef boost::shared_ptr<boost::asio::ip::tcp::socket> socket_ptr_t; 8 typedef boost::array<char, 128> buffer_t; 9 typedef boost::shared_ptr<buffer_t> buffer_ptr_t; 10 11 // 异步读数据回调函数 12 void on_read(boost::system::error_code ec 13 , std::size_t len, socket_ptr_t socket_ptr, buffer_ptr_t buffer_ptr) 14 { 15 if (ec) 16 std::cout << "async write error:" << ec.message() << std::endl; 17 else 18 { 19 std::cout << "async read size:" << len; 20 std::cout << " info:" << std::string((char*)buffer_ptr->begin(), len) << std::endl; 21 22 // auto release socket and buffer. 23 } 24 } 25 26 // 异步写数据回调函数 27 void on_write(boost::system::error_code ec 28 , std::size_t len, socket_ptr_t socket_ptr, buffer_ptr_t buffer_ptr) 29 { 30 if (ec) 31 std::cout << "async write error:" << ec.message() << std::endl; 32 else 33 { 34 std::cout << "async write size:" << len << std::endl; 35 socket_ptr->async_read_some(boost::asio::buffer(buffer_ptr.get(), buffer_t::size()) 36 , boost::bind(&on_read, boost::asio::placeholders::error, boost::asio::placeholders::bytes_transferred 37 , socket_ptr, buffer_ptr)); 38 } 39 } 40 41 // 异步连接回调函数 42 void on_accept(boost::system::error_code ec, socket_ptr_t socket_ptr) 43 { 44 if (ec) // 连接失败, 输出错误码 45 { 46 std::cout << "async accept error:" << ec.message() << std::endl; 47 } 48 else // 连接成功 49 { 50 std::cout << "async accept from (" << socket_ptr->remote_endpoint() << ")" << std::endl; 51 buffer_ptr_t buffer_ptr(new buffer_t); 52 strcpy_s((char*)buffer_ptr->begin(), buffer_t::size(), "abcdefg"); 53 socket_ptr->async_write_some(boost::asio::buffer(buffer_ptr.get(), strlen((char*)buffer_ptr->begin())) 54 , boost::bind(&on_write, boost::asio::placeholders::error, boost::asio::placeholders::bytes_transferred 55 , socket_ptr, buffer_ptr)); 56 } 57 } 58 59 int main() 60 { 61 boost::asio::io_service ios; // 创建io_service对象 62 boost::asio::ip::tcp::endpoint addr( 63 boost::asio::ip::address::from_string("0.0.0.0"), 12345); // server端地址 64 boost::asio::ip::tcp::acceptor acceptor(ios, addr, false); // 创建acceptor对象 65 socket_ptr_t socket_ptr(new boost::asio::ip::tcp::socket(ios)); 66 acceptor.async_accept(*socket_ptr 67 , boost::bind(&on_accept, boost::asio::placeholders::error, socket_ptr)); // 调用异步accept请求 68 ios.run(); // 调用io_service::run, 等待异步操作结果 69 70 std::cout << "press enter key..."; 71 std::cin.get(); 72 return 0; 73 }
这段代码中的异步连接请求在asio源码中的序列图如下:
* 常见流程分析之四(Tcp强制关闭连接)
我们依然以上一节的例子为基础,扩展一个简单的demo分析Tcp强制关闭连接的流程:
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <boost/asio.hpp> 3 #include <boost/bind.hpp> 4 #include <boost/shared_ptr.hpp> 5 #include <boost/array.hpp> 6 7 typedef boost::shared_ptr<boost::asio::ip::tcp::socket> socket_ptr_t; 8 typedef boost::array<char, 128> buffer_t; 9 typedef boost::shared_ptr<buffer_t> buffer_ptr_t; 10 11 // 异步读数据回调函数 12 void on_read(boost::system::error_code ec 13 , std::size_t len, socket_ptr_t socket_ptr, buffer_ptr_t buffer_ptr) 14 { 15 if (ec) // 连接失败, 输出错误码 16 { 17 std::cout << "async read error:" << ec.message() << std::endl; 18 } 19 } 20 21 // 异步写数据回调函数 22 void on_write(boost::system::error_code ec 23 , std::size_t len, socket_ptr_t socket_ptr, buffer_ptr_t buffer_ptr) 24 { 25 if (ec) // 连接失败, 输出错误码 26 { 27 std::cout << "async write error:" << ec.message() << std::endl; 28 } 29 } 30 31 // 异步连接回调函数 32 void on_accept(boost::system::error_code ec, socket_ptr_t socket_ptr) 33 { 34 if (ec) // 连接失败, 输出错误码 35 { 36 std::cout << "async accept error:" << ec.message() << std::endl; 37 } 38 else // 连接成功 39 { 40 std::cout << "async accept from (" << socket_ptr->remote_endpoint() << ")" << std::endl; 41 42 { 43 buffer_ptr_t buffer_ptr(new buffer_t); 44 strcpy_s((char*)buffer_ptr->begin(), buffer_t::size(), "abcdefg"); 45 socket_ptr->async_write_some(boost::asio::buffer(buffer_ptr.get(), strlen((char*)buffer_ptr->begin())) 46 , boost::bind(&on_write, boost::asio::placeholders::error, boost::asio::placeholders::bytes_transferred 47 , socket_ptr, buffer_ptr)); 48 } 49 50 { 51 buffer_ptr_t buffer_ptr(new buffer_t); 52 socket_ptr->async_read_some(boost::asio::buffer(buffer_ptr.get(), buffer_t::size()) 53 , boost::bind(&on_read, boost::asio::placeholders::error, boost::asio::placeholders::bytes_transferred 54 , socket_ptr, buffer_ptr)); 55 } 56 57 /// 强制关闭连接 58 socket_ptr->close(ec); 59 if (ec) 60 std::cout << "close error:" << ec.message() << std::endl; 61 } 62 } 63 64 int main() 65 { 66 boost::asio::io_service ios; // 创建io_service对象 67 boost::asio::ip::tcp::endpoint addr( 68 boost::asio::ip::address::from_string("0.0.0.0"), 12345); // server端地址 69 boost::asio::ip::tcp::acceptor acceptor(ios, addr, false); // 创建acceptor对象 70 socket_ptr_t socket_ptr(new boost::asio::ip::tcp::socket(ios)); 71 acceptor.async_accept(*socket_ptr 72 , boost::bind(&on_accept, boost::asio::placeholders::error, socket_ptr)); // 调用异步accept请求 73 socket_ptr.reset(); 74 ios.run(); // 调用io_service::run, 等待异步操作结果 75 76 std::cout << "press enter key..."; 77 std::cin.get(); 78 return 0; 79 }
这个例子中,接受到客户端的连接后,立即发起异步读请求和异步写请求,然后立即强制关闭socket。
其中,强制关闭socket的请求在asio源码中的序列图如下:
* 常见流程分析之五(Tcp优雅地关闭连接)
我们依然以第三节的例子为基础,扩展一个简单的demo分析Tcp优雅地关闭连接的流程:
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <boost/asio.hpp> 3 #include <boost/bind.hpp> 4 #include <boost/shared_ptr.hpp> 5 #include <boost/array.hpp> 6 7 typedef boost::shared_ptr<boost::asio::ip::tcp::socket> socket_ptr_t; 8 typedef boost::array<char, 32> buffer_t; 9 typedef boost::shared_ptr<buffer_t> buffer_ptr_t; 10 11 12 // 异步读数据回调函数 13 void on_read(boost::system::error_code ec 14 , std::size_t len, socket_ptr_t socket_ptr, buffer_ptr_t buffer_ptr) 15 { 16 static int si = 0; 17 if (ec) // 连接失败, 输出错误码 18 { 19 std::cout << "async read(" << si++ << ") error:" << ec.message() << std::endl; 20 socket_ptr->shutdown(boost::asio::socket_base::shutdown_receive, ec); 21 socket_ptr->close(ec); 22 if (ec) 23 std::cout << "close error:" << ec.message() << std::endl; 24 } 25 else 26 { 27 std::cout << "read(" << si++ << ") len:" << len << std::endl; 28 29 socket_ptr->async_read_some(boost::asio::buffer(buffer_ptr.get(), buffer_t::size()) 30 , boost::bind(&on_read, boost::asio::placeholders::error, boost::asio::placeholders::bytes_transferred 31 , socket_ptr, buffer_ptr)); 32 } 33 } 34 35 // 异步写数据回调函数 36 void on_write(boost::system::error_code ec 37 , std::size_t len, socket_ptr_t socket_ptr, buffer_ptr_t buffer_ptr) 38 { 39 if (ec) // 连接失败, 输出错误码 40 { 41 std::cout << "async write error:" << ec.message() << std::endl; 42 } 43 else 44 { 45 /// 优雅地关闭连接 46 socket_ptr->shutdown(boost::asio::ip::tcp::socket::shutdown_send, ec); 47 if (ec) 48 std::cout << "shutdown send error:" << ec.message() << std::endl; 49 } 50 } 51 52 // 异步连接回调函数 53 void on_accept(boost::system::error_code ec, socket_ptr_t socket_ptr) 54 { 55 if (ec) // 连接失败, 输出错误码 56 { 57 std::cout << "async accept error:" << ec.message() << std::endl; 58 } 59 else // 连接成功 60 { 61 std::cout << "async accept from (" << socket_ptr->remote_endpoint() << ")" << std::endl; 62 63 { 64 buffer_ptr_t buffer_ptr(new buffer_t); 65 socket_ptr->async_read_some(boost::asio::buffer(buffer_ptr.get(), buffer_t::size()) 66 , boost::bind(&on_read, boost::asio::placeholders::error, boost::asio::placeholders::bytes_transferred 67 , socket_ptr, buffer_ptr)); 68 } 69 70 { 71 buffer_ptr_t buffer_ptr(new buffer_t); 72 strcpy_s((char*)buffer_ptr->begin(), buffer_t::size(), "abcdefg"); 73 socket_ptr->async_write_some(boost::asio::buffer(buffer_ptr.get(), strlen((char*)buffer_ptr->begin())) 74 , boost::bind(&on_write, boost::asio::placeholders::error, boost::asio::placeholders::bytes_transferred 75 , socket_ptr, buffer_ptr)); 76 } 77 } 78 } 79 80 int main() 81 { 82 boost::asio::io_service ios; // 创建io_service对象 83 boost::asio::ip::tcp::endpoint addr( 84 boost::asio::ip::address::from_string("0.0.0.0"), 12345); // server端地址 85 boost::asio::ip::tcp::acceptor acceptor(ios, addr, false); // 创建acceptor对象 86 socket_ptr_t socket_ptr(new boost::asio::ip::tcp::socket(ios)); 87 acceptor.async_accept(*socket_ptr 88 , boost::bind(&on_accept, boost::asio::placeholders::error, socket_ptr)); // 调用异步accept请求 89 socket_ptr.reset(); 90 ios.run(); // 调用io_service::run, 等待异步操作结果 91 92 std::cout << "press enter key..."; 93 std::cin.get(); 94 return 0; 95 }
在这个例子中,接收到客户端的连接并向客户端发送数据以后,先关闭socket的发送通道,然后等待socket接收缓冲区中的数据全部read出来以后,再关闭socket的接收通道。此时,socket的接收和发送通道均以关闭,任何进程都无法使用此socket收发数据,但其所占用的系统资源并未释放,底层发送缓冲区中的数据也不保证已全部发出,需要在此之后执行close操作以便释放系统资源。
若在释放系统资源前希望底层发送缓冲区中的数据依然可以发出,则需在socket的linger属性中设置一个等待时间,以便有时间等待发送缓冲区中的数据发送完毕。但linger中的值绝对不是越大越好,这是因为其原理是操作系统帮忙保留socket的资源以等待其发送缓冲区中的数据发送完毕,如果远端socket的一直未能接收数据便会导致本地socket一直等待下去,这对系统资源是极大的浪费。因此,在需要处理大量连接的服务端,linger的值一定不可过大。