2017-2018-2偏微分方程复习题解析1

Problem: Let $v(t,x)$ solve the following initial-value problem $$\bex \seddm{ \p_tv-\lap v=0,\\ v|_{t=0}=u. } \eex$$ Show that $v(t,x)$ has the representation $v(t,x)=\e^{t\lap}u(x)$. Here, $\e^{t\lap}u(x)$ is defined through the Fourier transform by $\e^{t\lap}u=\calF^{-1}(\e^{-t|\xi|^2} \calF u)$.

Proof: $$\beex\bea &\quad\ \p_t\hat v+|\xi|^2\hat v=0,\ \hat v|_{t=0}=\hat u\\ &\ra \hat v=\e^{-t|\xi|^2}\hat u\\ &\ra v=\calF^{-1}\sex{\e^{-t|\xi|^2}\hat u} \equiv \e^{t\lap}u\qwz{Fourier multiplier}. \eea\eeex$$