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Table of Contents

1. About the documentation 2. Getting help 3. First steps 4. Working with Spring Boot 5. Learning about Spring Boot features 6. Moving to production 7. Advanced topics

II. Getting started

8. Introducing Spring Boot 9. System Requirements

9.1. Servlet containers

10. Installing Spring Boot

10.1. Installation instructions for the Java developer

10.1.1. Maven installation 10.1.2. Gradle installation

10.2. Installing the Spring Boot CLI

10.2.1. Manual installation 10.2.2. Installation with SDKMAN! 10.2.3. OSX Homebrew installation 10.2.4. MacPorts installation 10.2.5. Command-line completion 10.2.6. Quick start Spring CLI example

10.3. Upgrading from an earlier version of Spring Boot

11. Developing your first Spring Boot application

11.1. Creating the POM 11.2. Adding classpath dependencies 11.3. Writing the code

11.3.1. The @RestController and @RequestMapping annotations 11.3.2. The @EnableAutoConfiguration annotation 11.3.3. The “main” method

11.4. Running the example 11.5. Creating an executable jar

12. What to read next

III. Using Spring Boot

13. Build systems

13.1. Dependency management 13.2. Maven

13.2.1. Inheriting the starter parent 13.2.2. Using Spring Boot without the parent POM 13.2.3. Changing the Java version 13.2.4. Using the Spring Boot Maven plugin

13.3. Gradle 13.4. Ant 13.5. Starters

14. Structuring your code

14.1. Using the “default” package 14.2. Locating the main application class

15. Configuration classes

15.1. Importing additional configuration classes 15.2. Importing XML configuration

16. Auto-configuration

16.1. Gradually replacing auto-configuration 16.2. Disabling specific auto-configuration

17. Spring Beans and dependency injection 18. Using the @SpringBootApplication annotation 19. Running your application

19.1. Running from an IDE 19.2. Running as a packaged application 19.3. Using the Maven plugin 19.4. Using the Gradle plugin 19.5. Hot swapping

20. Developer tools

20.1. Property defaults 20.2. Automatic restart

20.2.1. Excluding resources 20.2.2. Watching additional paths 20.2.3. Disabling restart 20.2.4. Using a trigger file 20.2.5. Customizing the restart classloader 20.2.6. Known limitations

20.3. LiveReload 20.4. Global settings 20.5. Remote applications

20.5.1. Running the remote client application 20.5.2. Remote update 20.5.3. Remote debug tunnel

21. Packaging your application for production 22. What to read next

IV. Spring Boot features

23. SpringApplication

23.1. Customizing the Banner 23.2. Customizing SpringApplication 23.3. Fluent builder API 23.4. Application events and listeners 23.5. Web environment 23.6. Accessing application arguments 23.7. Using the ApplicationRunner or CommandLineRunner 23.8. Application exit 23.9. Admin features

24. Externalized Configuration

24.1. Configuring random values 24.2. Accessing command line properties 24.3. Application property files 24.4. Profile-specific properties 24.5. Placeholders in properties 24.6. Using YAML instead of Properties

24.6.1. Loading YAML 24.6.2. Exposing YAML as properties in the Spring Environment 24.6.3. Multi-profile YAML documents 24.6.4. YAML shortcomings 24.6.5. Merging YAML lists

24.7. Type-safe Configuration Properties

24.7.1. Third-party configuration 24.7.2. Relaxed binding 24.7.3. Properties conversion 24.7.4. @ConfigurationProperties Validation 24.7.5. @ConfigurationProperties vs. @Value

25. Profiles

25.1. Adding active profiles 25.2. Programmatically setting profiles 25.3. Profile-specific configuration files

26. Logging

26.1. Log format 26.2. Console output

26.2.1. Color-coded output

26.3. File output 26.4. Log Levels 26.5. Custom log configuration 26.6. Logback extensions

26.6.1. Profile-specific configuration 26.6.2. Environment properties

27. Developing web applications

27.1. The ‘Spring Web MVC framework’

27.1.1. Spring MVC auto-configuration 27.1.2. HttpMessageConverters 27.1.3. Custom JSON Serializers and Deserializers 27.1.4. MessageCodesResolver 27.1.5. Static Content 27.1.6. ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer 27.1.7. Template engines 27.1.8. Error Handling

Custom error pages Mapping error pages outside of Spring MVC Error Handling on WebSphere Application Server

27.1.9. Spring HATEOAS 27.1.10. CORS support

27.2. JAX-RS and Jersey 27.3. Embedded servlet container support

27.3.1. Servlets, Filters, and listeners

Registering Servlets, Filters, and listeners as Spring beans

27.3.2. Servlet Context Initialization

Scanning for Servlets, Filters, and listeners

27.3.3. The EmbeddedWebApplicationContext 27.3.4. Customizing embedded servlet containers

Programmatic customization Customizing ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer directly

27.3.5. JSP limitations

28. Security

28.1. OAuth2

28.1.1. Authorization Server 28.1.2. Resource Server

28.2. Token Type in User Info 28.3. Customizing the User Info RestTemplate

28.3.1. Client 28.3.2. Single Sign On

28.4. Actuator Security

29. Working with SQL databases

29.1. Configure a DataSource

29.1.1. Embedded Database Support 29.1.2. Connection to a production database 29.1.3. Connection to a JNDI DataSource

29.2. Using JdbcTemplate 29.3. JPA and ‘Spring Data’

29.3.1. Entity Classes 29.3.2. Spring Data JPA Repositories 29.3.3. Creating and dropping JPA databases

29.4. Using H2’s web console

29.4.1. Changing the H2 console’s path 29.4.2. Securing the H2 console

29.5. Using jOOQ

29.5.1. Code Generation 29.5.2. Using DSLContext 29.5.3. Customizing jOOQ

30. Working with NoSQL technologies

30.1. Redis

30.1.1. Connecting to Redis

30.2. MongoDB

30.2.1. Connecting to a MongoDB database 30.2.2. MongoTemplate 30.2.3. Spring Data MongoDB repositories 30.2.4. Embedded Mongo

30.3. Neo4j

30.3.1. Connecting to a Neo4j database 30.3.2. Using the embedded mode 30.3.3. Neo4jSession 30.3.4. Spring Data Neo4j repositories 30.3.5. Repository example

30.4. Gemfire 30.5. Solr

30.5.1. Connecting to Solr 30.5.2. Spring Data Solr repositories

30.6. Elasticsearch

30.6.1. Connecting to Elasticsearch using Jest 30.6.2. Connecting to Elasticsearch using Spring Data 30.6.3. Spring Data Elasticsearch repositories

30.7. Cassandra

30.7.1. Connecting to Cassandra 30.7.2. Spring Data Cassandra repositories

30.8. Couchbase

30.8.1. Connecting to Couchbase 30.8.2. Spring Data Couchbase repositories

31. Caching

31.1. Supported cache providers

31.1.1. Generic 31.1.2. JCache 31.1.3. EhCache 2.x 31.1.4. Hazelcast 31.1.5. Infinispan 31.1.6. Couchbase 31.1.7. Redis 31.1.8. Caffeine 31.1.9. Guava 31.1.10. Simple 31.1.11. None

32. Messaging

32.1. JMS

32.1.1. ActiveMQ support 32.1.2. Artemis support 32.1.3. HornetQ support 32.1.4. Using a JNDI ConnectionFactory 32.1.5. Sending a message 32.1.6. Receiving a message

32.2. AMQP

32.2.1. RabbitMQ support 32.2.2. Sending a message 32.2.3. Receiving a message

33. Calling REST services

33.1. RestTemplate customization

34. Sending email 35. Distributed Transactions with JTA

35.1. Using an Atomikos transaction manager 35.2. Using a Bitronix transaction manager 35.3. Using a Narayana transaction manager 35.4. Using a Java EE managed transaction manager 35.5. Mixing XA and non-XA JMS connections 35.6. Supporting an alternative embedded transaction manager

36. Hazelcast 37. Spring Integration 38. Spring Session 39. Monitoring and management over JMX 40. Testing

40.1. Test scope dependencies 40.2. Testing Spring applications 40.3. Testing Spring Boot applications

40.3.1. Detecting test configuration 40.3.2. Excluding test configuration 40.3.3. Working with random ports 40.3.4. Mocking and spying beans 40.3.5. Auto-configured tests 40.3.6. Auto-configured JSON tests 40.3.7. Auto-configured Spring MVC tests 40.3.8. Auto-configured Data JPA tests 40.3.9. Auto-configured REST clients 40.3.10. Auto-configured Spring REST Docs tests 40.3.11. Using Spock to test Spring Boot applications

40.4. Test utilities

40.4.1. ConfigFileApplicationContextInitializer 40.4.2. EnvironmentTestUtils 40.4.3. OutputCapture 40.4.4. TestRestTemplate

41. WebSockets 42. Web Services 43. Creating your own auto-configuration

43.1. Understanding auto-configured beans 43.2. Locating auto-configuration candidates 43.3. Condition annotations

43.3.1. Class conditions 43.3.2. Bean conditions 43.3.3. Property conditions 43.3.4. Resource conditions 43.3.5. Web application conditions 43.3.6. SpEL expression conditions

43.4. Creating your own starter

43.4.1. Naming 43.4.2. Autoconfigure module 43.4.3. Starter module

44. What to read next

V. Spring Boot Actuator: Production-ready features

45. Enabling production-ready features 46. Endpoints

46.1. Customizing endpoints 46.2. Hypermedia for actuator MVC endpoints 46.3. CORS support 46.4. Adding custom endpoints 46.5. Health information 46.6. Security with HealthIndicators

46.6.1. Auto-configured HealthIndicators 46.6.2. Writing custom HealthIndicators

46.7. Application information

46.7.1. Auto-configured InfoContributors 46.7.2. Custom application info information 46.7.3. Git commit information 46.7.4. Build information 46.7.5. Writing custom InfoContributors

47. Monitoring and management over HTTP

47.1. Securing sensitive endpoints 47.2. Customizing the management endpoint paths 47.3. Customizing the management server port 47.4. Configuring management-specific SSL 47.5. Customizing the management server address 47.6. Disabling HTTP endpoints 47.7. HTTP health endpoint access restrictions

48. Monitoring and management over JMX

48.1. Customizing MBean names 48.2. Disabling JMX endpoints 48.3. Using Jolokia for JMX over HTTP

48.3.1. Customizing Jolokia 48.3.2. Disabling Jolokia

49. Monitoring and management using a remote shell

49.1. Connecting to the remote shell

49.1.1. Remote shell credentials

49.2. Extending the remote shell

49.2.1. Remote shell commands 49.2.2. Remote shell plugins

50. Metrics

50.1. System metrics 50.2. DataSource metrics 50.3. Cache metrics 50.4. Tomcat session metrics 50.5. Recording your own metrics 50.6. Adding your own public metrics 50.7. Special features with Java 8 50.8. Metric writers, exporters and aggregation

50.8.1. Example: Export to Redis 50.8.2. Example: Export to Open TSDB 50.8.3. Example: Export to Statsd 50.8.4. Example: Export to JMX

50.9. Aggregating metrics from multiple sources 50.10. Dropwizard Metrics 50.11. Message channel integration

51. Auditing 52. Tracing

52.1. Custom tracing

53. Process monitoring

53.1. Extend configuration 53.2. Programmatically

54. What to read next

VI. Deploying Spring Boot applications

55. Deploying to the cloud

55.1. Cloud Foundry

55.1.1. Binding to services

55.2. Heroku 55.3. OpenShift 55.4. Boxfuse and Amazon Web Services 55.5. Google App Engine

56. Installing Spring Boot applications

56.1. Unix/Linux services

56.1.1. Installation as an init.d service (System V)

Securing an init.d service

56.1.2. Installation as a systemd service 56.1.3. Customizing the startup script

Customizing script when it’s written Customizing script when it runs

57. Microsoft Windows services 58. What to read next

VII. Spring Boot CLI

59. Installing the CLI 60. Using the CLI

60.1. Running applications using the CLI

60.1.1. Deduced “grab” dependencies 60.1.2. Deduced “grab” coordinates 60.1.3. Default import statements 60.1.4. Automatic main method 60.1.5. Custom dependency management

60.2. Testing your code 60.3. Applications with multiple source files 60.4. Packaging your application 60.5. Initialize a new project 60.6. Using the embedded shell 60.7. Adding extensions to the CLI

61. Developing application with the Groovy beans DSL 62. Configuring the CLI with settings.xml 63. What to read next

VIII. Build tool plugins

64. Spring Boot Maven plugin

64.1. Including the plugin 64.2. Packaging executable jar and war files

65. Spring Boot Gradle plugin

65.1. Including the plugin 65.2. Gradle dependency management 65.3. Packaging executable jar and war files 65.4. Running a project in-place 65.5. Spring Boot plugin configuration 65.6. Repackage configuration 65.7. Repackage with custom Gradle configuration

65.7.1. Configuration options 65.7.2. Available layouts

65.8. Understanding how the Gradle plugin works 65.9. Publishing artifacts to a Maven repository using Gradle

65.9.1. Configuring Gradle to produce a pom that inherits dependency management 65.9.2. Configuring Gradle to produce a pom that imports dependency management

66. Spring Boot AntLib module

66.1. Spring Boot Ant tasks

66.1.1. spring-boot:exejar 66.1.2. Examples

66.2. spring-boot:findmainclass

66.2.1. Examples

67. Supporting other build systems

67.1. Repackaging archives 67.2. Nested libraries 67.3. Finding a main class 67.4. Example repackage implementation

68. What to read next

IX. ‘How-to’ guides

69. Spring Boot application

69.1. Create your own FailureAnalyzer 69.2. Troubleshoot auto-configuration 69.3. Customize the Environment or ApplicationContext before it starts 69.4. Build an ApplicationContext hierarchy (adding a parent or root context) 69.5. Create a non-web application

70. Properties & configuration

70.1. Automatically expand properties at build time

70.1.1. Automatic property expansion using Maven 70.1.2. Automatic property expansion using Gradle

70.2. Externalize the configuration of SpringApplication 70.3. Change the location of external properties of an application 70.4. Use ‘short’ command line arguments 70.5. Use YAML for external properties 70.6. Set the active Spring profiles 70.7. Change configuration depending on the environment 70.8. Discover built-in options for external properties

71. Embedded servlet containers

71.1. Add a Servlet, Filter or Listener to an application

71.1.1. Add a Servlet, Filter or Listener using a Spring bean

Disable registration of a Servlet or Filter

71.1.2. Add Servlets, Filters, and Listeners using classpath scanning

71.2. Change the HTTP port 71.3. Use a random unassigned HTTP port 71.4. Discover the HTTP port at runtime 71.5. Configure SSL 71.6. Configure Access Logging 71.7. Use behind a front-end proxy server

71.7.1. Customize Tomcat’s proxy configuration

71.8. Configure Tomcat 71.9. Enable Multiple Connectors with Tomcat 71.10. Use Jetty instead of Tomcat 71.11. Configure Jetty 71.12. Use Undertow instead of Tomcat 71.13. Configure Undertow 71.14. Enable Multiple Listeners with Undertow 71.15. Use Tomcat 7.x or 8.0

71.15.1. Use Tomcat 7.x or 8.0 with Maven 71.15.2. Use Tomcat 7.x or 8.0 with Gradle

71.16. Use Jetty 9.2

71.16.1. Use Jetty 9.2 with Maven 71.16.2. Use Jetty 9.2 with Gradle

71.17. Use Jetty 8

71.17.1. Use Jetty 8 with Maven 71.17.2. Use Jetty 8 with Gradle

71.18. Create WebSocket endpoints using @ServerEndpoint 71.19. Enable HTTP response compression

72. Spring MVC

72.1. Write a JSON REST service 72.2. Write an XML REST service 72.3. Customize the Jackson ObjectMapper 72.4. Customize the @ResponseBody rendering 72.5. Handling Multipart File Uploads 72.6. Switch off the Spring MVC DispatcherServlet 72.7. Switch off the Default MVC configuration 72.8. Customize ViewResolvers 72.9. Velocity 72.10. Use Thymeleaf 3

73. HTTP clients

73.1. Configure RestTemplate to use a proxy

74. Logging

74.1. Configure Logback for logging

74.1.1. Configure logback for file only output

74.2. Configure Log4j for logging

74.2.1. Use YAML or JSON to configure Log4j 2

75. Data Access

75.1. Configure a DataSource 75.2. Configure Two DataSources 75.3. Use Spring Data repositories 75.4. Separate @Entity definitions from Spring configuration 75.5. Configure JPA properties 75.6. Use a custom EntityManagerFactory 75.7. Use Two EntityManagers 75.8. Use a traditional persistence.xml 75.9. Use Spring Data JPA and Mongo repositories 75.10. Expose Spring Data repositories as REST endpoint 75.11. Configure a component that is used by JPA

76. Database initialization

76.1. Initialize a database using JPA 76.2. Initialize a database using Hibernate 76.3. Initialize a database using Spring JDBC 76.4. Initialize a Spring Batch database 76.5. Use a higher-level database migration tool

76.5.1. Execute Flyway database migrations on startup 76.5.2. Execute Liquibase database migrations on startup

77. Batch applications

77.1. Execute Spring Batch jobs on startup

78. Actuator

78.1. Change the HTTP port or address of the actuator endpoints 78.2. Customize the ‘whitelabel’ error page 78.3. Actuator and Jersey

79. Security

79.1. Switch off the Spring Boot security configuration 79.2. Change the AuthenticationManager and add user accounts 79.3. Enable HTTPS when running behind a proxy server

80. Hot swapping

80.1. Reload static content 80.2. Reload templates without restarting the container

80.2.1. Thymeleaf templates 80.2.2. FreeMarker templates 80.2.3. Groovy templates 80.2.4. Velocity templates

80.3. Fast application restarts 80.4. Reload Java classes without restarting the container

80.4.1. Configuring Spring Loaded for use with Maven 80.4.2. Configuring Spring Loaded for use with Gradle and IntelliJ IDEA

81. Build

81.1. Generate build information 81.2. Generate git information 81.3. Customize dependency versions 81.4. Create an executable JAR with Maven 81.5. Create an additional executable JAR 81.6. Extract specific libraries when an executable jar runs 81.7. Create a non-executable JAR with exclusions 81.8. Remote debug a Spring Boot application started with Maven 81.9. Remote debug a Spring Boot application started with Gradle 81.10. Build an executable archive from Ant without using spring-boot-antlib 81.11. How to use Java 6

81.11.1. Embedded servlet container compatibility 81.11.2. Jackson 81.11.3. JTA API compatibility

82. Traditional deployment

82.1. Create a deployable war file 82.2. Create a deployable war file for older servlet containers 82.3. Convert an existing application to Spring Boot 82.4. Deploying a WAR to WebLogic 82.5. Deploying a WAR in an Old (Servlet 2.5) Container

X. Appendices

A. Common application properties B. Configuration meta-data

B.1. Meta-data format

B.1.1. Group Attributes B.1.2. Property Attributes B.1.3. Hint Attributes B.1.4. Repeated meta-data items

B.2. Providing manual hints

B.2.1. Value hint B.2.2. Value provider

Any Class reference Handle As Logger name Spring bean reference Spring profile name

B.3. Generating your own meta-data using the annotation processor

B.3.1. Nested properties B.3.2. Adding additional meta-data

C. Auto-configuration classes

C.1. From the “spring-boot-autoconfigure” module C.2. From the “spring-boot-actuator” module

D. Test auto-configuration annotations E. The executable jar format

E.1. Nested JARs

E.1.1. The executable jar file structure E.1.2. The executable war file structure

E.2. Spring Boot’s “JarFile” class

E.2.1. Compatibility with the standard Java “JarFile”

E.3. Launching executable jars

E.3.1. Launcher manifest E.3.2. Exploded archives

E.4. PropertiesLauncher Features E.5. Executable jar restrictions

E.5.1. Zip entry compression E.5.2. System ClassLoader

E.6. Alternative single jar solutions

F. Dependency versions
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