声明x = 5有几件事情:
>创建一个值为5的int对象(如果已存在则找到该对象);
>创建名称x(或与标记的最后一个对象’x’取消关联);
>对新(或找到)的int对象的引用计数增加1;
>名称x与创建(或找到)值为’5’的对象相关联.
由于int对象是不可变的,因此效率可能为interned.字符串对象更有可能被实习.
这里有些例子:
>>> x=5 # discussed
>>> id(x) # the 'id' which in cPython is the memory address.
140246146681256
>>> y=x # now two names, 'x' and 'y' associated with that object
>>> id(y)
140246146681256 # same object
>>> z=5 # no guaranteed, likely the same object referred to by 'x' and 'y'
>>> id(z)
140246146681256 # id is the same! The object labeled 'x' was found and labeled 'z'
>>> del x # ref count to object '140246146681256' decreased by 1
>>> del y # same
>>> z
5
>>> id(z)
140246146681256 # same object but the names ''x' and 'y' no longer label it
考虑变量名称的最佳方法,如x = 5中的“x”作为标签.
可以使对象没有标签,例如在此列表中理解创建的5个单独的字符串对象:
>>> li=[str(x) for x in range(5)]
>>> li
['0', '1', '2', '3', '4']
然后,您可以创建与这5个对象的值独立匹配的对象:
>>> li2=list('012345') # longer list; completely different construction
>>> li2
['0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5']
您可以获取其各自的内存地址(在cPython中)或唯一的ID地址:
>>> [id(x) for x in li]
[4373138488, 4372558792, 4372696960, 4373139288, 4373139368]
>>> [id(x) for x in li2]
[4373138488, 4372558792, 4372696960, 4373139288, 4373139368, 4372696720]
请注意,两个独立创建的匿名对象列表是相同的(在本例中为前5个).我特意使用字符串,因为它们更容易被内嵌…
所以想一想:x = 5时会发生两个不同的过程:
>创建对象(或者如果它是不可变的,实体的并且存在的话)>标记对象.