字母频率及直方图c语言,图像二值化（直方图法，C语言实现）

1.首先构造像素的频率直方图

2. 寻找直方图中的两个最大的波峰

3. 寻找这两个波峰之间的最小的波谷

4.波谷的index(像素值)为 K 值(阈值)

#include "JpegDecoder.h"

#include

#include

#include

using namespace JpegCodec;

static cv::Mat ConvertToMat(Matrix &mat)

{

int channel = CV_8UC3;

if (mat.channal == 1) channel = CV_8UC1;

cv::Mat img(mat.rows, mat.cols, channel); // create a new matrix

for (int i = 0; i < mat.rows * mat.cols * mat.channal; i++)

{

img.data[i] = mat.data[i];

}

return img;

}

typedef struct

{

int index;

int freq; // frequence

}Point;

void Binary(Matrix &mat)

{

Point peaks[256]; // 波峰

int histogram[256]; //直方图

// 构造直方图

for (int i = 0; i < 255; i++) histogram[i] = 0;

int cnt = mat.rows * mat.cols * mat.channal;

for (int i = 0; i < cnt; i++)

{

histogram[mat.data[i]] ++;

}

// 统计波峰

int size = 0;

for (int i = 1; i < 254; i++)

{

if (histogram[i] > histogram[i + 1] && histogram[i] < histogram[i - 1])

{

peaks[size].index = i;

peaks[size].freq = histogram[i];

size++;

}

}

// 寻找最大的两个波峰

Point max = peaks[0], snd = peaks[0];

for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)

{

if (peaks[i].freq > max.freq)

{

snd = max;

max = peaks[i];

}

else if (peaks[i].freq > snd.freq)

{

snd = peaks[i];

}

}

// 寻找波谷

int i = (max.index > snd.index ? snd.index : max.index);

size = (max.index > snd.index ? max.index : snd.index);

Point K = max;

for (; i < size; i++)

{

if (histogram[i] < K.freq)

{

K.freq = histogram[i];

K.index = i;

}

}

//二值化

for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++)

{

if (mat.data[i] < K.index) mat.data[i] = 0;

else mat.data[i] = 255;

}

}

void ShowImage(Matrix &mat)

{

cv::Mat img = ConvertToMat(mat);

cv::imshow("Bitmap", img);

}

void Gray(Matrix &dst, Matrix &src)

{

dst.Create(src.rows, src.cols, 1);

for (int i = 0; i < src.rows; i++)

{

for (int j = 0; j < src.cols; j++)

{

int idx = (i * src.rows + j) * 3;

dst.data[idx / 3] = (src.data[idx] + src.data[idx + 1] + src.data[idx + 2]) / 3;

}

}

}

int main(int argc, char *arrv[])

{

JpegDecoder decoder("01.jpg");

Matrix mat, dst;

decoder.Decoder(mat);

Gray(dst, mat);

Binary(dst);

ShowImage(dst);

cvWaitKey(0);

return 0;

}

运行示例