Java NIO模式的Socket通信，是一种同步非阻塞IO设计模式，它为Reactor模式实现提供了基础。
下面看看，Java实现的一个服务端和客户端通信的例子。
NIO模式的基本原理描述如下：
服务端打开一个通道（ServerSocketChannel），并向通道中注册一个选择器（Selector），这个选择器是与一些感兴趣的操作的标识（SelectionKey，即通过这个标识可以定位到具体的操作，从而进行响应的处理）相关联的，然后基于选择器（Selector）轮询通道（ServerSocketChannel）上注册的事件，并进行相应的处理。
客户端在请求与服务端通信时，也可以向服务器端一样注册（比服务端少了一个SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT操作集合），并通过轮询来处理指定的事件，而不必阻塞。
下面的例子，主要以服务端为例，而客户端只是简单地发送请求数据和读响应数据。
服务端实现，代码如下所示：
package org.voovan.network.io;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.*;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
/**
* @USER echo
* @TIME 2017-07-24 16:40
* @DESC NIO SOCKET
**/
/**
* Buffer： 缓冲区，用来临时存放输入或输出数据。
* Charset：用来把Unicode字符编码和其它字符编码互转。
* Channel： 针对面向流的侦听套接字的可选择通道
* (数据传输通道，用来把Buffer中的数据写入到数据源，或者把数据源中的数据读入到Buffer)。
* Selector：SelectableChannel 对象的多路复用器。
*/
public class MyServer3 {
private final static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(MyServer3.class.getName());
public static void main(String[] args) {
Selector selector = null;
ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = null;
try {
// Selector for incoming time requests 打开一个选择器,不同版本jdk有不同实现
selector = Selector.open();
// Create a new server socket and set to non blocking mode
serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open(); //打开服务器套接字通道。
serverSocketChannel.configureBlocking(false); //此通道将被置于非阻塞模式
// Bind the server socket to the local host and port
serverSocketChannel.socket().setReuseAddress(true);
serverSocketChannel.socket().bind(new InetSocketAddress(10000));
// Register accepts on the server socket with the selector. This
// step tells the selector that the socket wants to be put on the
// ready list when accept operations occur, so allowing multiplexed
// non-blocking I/O to take place.
serverSocketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
// Here's where everything happens. The select method will
// return when any operations registered above have occurred, the
// thread has been interrupted, etc.
while (selector.select() > 0) {
// Someone is ready for I/O, get the ready keys
Iterator<SelectionKey> it = selector.selectedKeys().iterator();
// Walk through the ready keys collection and process date requests.
while (it.hasNext()) {
SelectionKey readyKey = it.next();
it.remove();
// The key indexes into the selector so you
// can retrieve the socket that's ready for I/O
execute((ServerSocketChannel) readyKey.channel());
}
}
} catch (ClosedChannelException ex) {
logger.log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
} catch (IOException ex) {
logger.log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
} finally {
try {
selector.close();
} catch(Exception ex) {}
try {
serverSocketChannel.close();
} catch(Exception ex) {}
}
}
private static void execute(ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel) throws IOException {
SocketChannel socketChannel = null;
try {
socketChannel = serverSocketChannel.accept();
MyRequestObject myRequestObject = receiveData(socketChannel);
logger.log(Level.INFO, myRequestObject.toString());
MyResponseObject myResponseObject = new MyResponseObject(
"response for " + myRequestObject.getName(),
"response for " + myRequestObject.getValue());
sendData(socketChannel, myResponseObject);
logger.log(Level.INFO, myResponseObject.toString());
} finally {
try {
socketChannel.close();
} catch(Exception ex) {}
}
}
private static MyRequestObject receiveData(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws IOException {
MyRequestObject myRequestObject = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
try {
byte[] bytes;
int size = 0;
while ((size = socketChannel.read(buffer)) >= 0) {
buffer.flip();
bytes = new byte[size];
buffer.get(bytes);
baos.write(bytes);
buffer.clear();
}
bytes = baos.toByteArray();
Object obj = SerializableUtil.toObject(bytes);
myRequestObject = (MyRequestObject)obj;
} finally {
try {
baos.close();
} catch(Exception ex) {}
}
return myRequestObject;
}
private static void sendData(SocketChannel socketChannel, MyResponseObject myResponseObject) throws IOException {
byte[] bytes = SerializableUtil.toBytes(myResponseObject);
ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(bytes);
socketChannel.write(buffer);
}
}
package org.voovan.network.io;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
/**
* @USER echo
* @TIME 2017-07-24 16:40
* @DESC NIO SOCKET
**/
/**
* SocketChannel 针对面向流的连接套接字的可选择通道。
*
*/
public class MyClient3 {
private final static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(MyClient3.class.getName());
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
final int idx = i;
new Thread(new MyRunnable(idx)).start();
}
}
private static final class MyRunnable implements Runnable {
private final int idx;
private MyRunnable(int idx) {
this.idx = idx;
}
public void run() {
SocketChannel socketChannel = null;
try {
socketChannel = SocketChannel.open();
SocketAddress socketAddress = new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 10000);
socketChannel.connect(socketAddress);
MyRequestObject myRequestObject = new MyRequestObject("request_" + idx, "request_" + idx);
logger.log(Level.INFO, myRequestObject.toString());
sendData(socketChannel, myRequestObject);
MyResponseObject myResponseObject = receiveData(socketChannel);
logger.log(Level.INFO, myResponseObject.toString());
} catch (Exception ex) {
logger.log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
} finally {
try {
socketChannel.close();
} catch (Exception ex) {
}
}
}
private void sendData(SocketChannel socketChannel, MyRequestObject myRequestObject) throws IOException {
byte[] bytes = SerializableUtil.toBytes(myRequestObject);
ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(bytes);
socketChannel.write(buffer);
socketChannel.socket().shutdownOutput();
}
private MyResponseObject receiveData(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws IOException {
MyResponseObject myResponseObject = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
try {
ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(1024);
byte[] bytes;
int count = 0;
while ((count = socketChannel.read(buffer)) >= 0) {
buffer.flip();
bytes = new byte[count];
buffer.get(bytes);
baos.write(bytes);
buffer.clear();
}
bytes = baos.toByteArray();
Object obj = SerializableUtil.toObject(bytes);
myResponseObject = (MyResponseObject) obj;
socketChannel.socket().shutdownInput();
} finally {
try {
baos.close();
} catch (Exception ex) {
}
}
return myResponseObject;
}
}
}
上述实现，NioTcpServer服务线程启动后，监听指定端口，等待客户端请求的到来，然后NioTcpClient客户端进程启动并发送请求数据，服务端接收到请求数据后，响应客户端（将请求的数据作为响应数据写回到客户端通道SocketChannel，并等待客户端处理）。
实际上，客户端和服务端可以采用同样轮询的非阻塞模式来实现，为简单实现在这个例子中我们把客户端角色简化了，而实际上它可能在另一个系统通信中充当服务端角色。
另外，上面对于不同事件是采用非线程的方式来处理，只是简单地调用处理的方法。在实际中，如果存在大量连接、读写请求，可以考虑使用线程池来更大程度地并发处理，提高服务端处理的速度和吞吐量，提升系统性能。
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