说明:与SQL命令中的Where作用相似,都是起到范围限定也就是过滤作用的 ,而判断条件就是它后面所接的子句。
MSDN解释:where 子句用于查询表达式中,用于指定将在查询表达式中返回数据源中的哪些元素。 它将一个布尔条件("谓词")应用于每个源元素(由范围变量引用),并返回满足指定条件的元素。 一个查询表达式可以包含多个where 子句,一个子句可以包含多个谓词子表达式。
Where操作包括3种形式,分别为简单形式、关系条件形式、First()形式。下面分别用实例举例下:
Student.cs
/// <summary> /// 学生类 /// </summary> public class Student { private int _numid; private string _name; private string _sexy; private int _scroe; /// <summary> /// 学号 /// </summary> public int NumId { get { return _numid; } set { _numid = value; } } /// <summary> /// 姓名 /// </summary> public string Name { get { return _name; } set { _name = value; } } /// <summary> /// 性别 /// </summary> public string Sexy { get { return _sexy; } set { _sexy = value; } } /// <summary> /// 分数 /// </summary> public int Scroe { get { return _scroe; } set { _scroe = value; } } }
测试数据
List<Student> students = new List<Student>() { new Student(){NumId=1,Name="Terry",Sexy="男",Scroe=92}, new Student(){NumId=2,Name="AI",Sexy="男",Scroe=85}, new Student(){NumId=3,Name="Wade",Sexy="男",Scroe=78}, new Student(){NumId=4,Name="Tracy",Sexy="女",Scroe=60}, new Student(){NumId=5,Name="Kobe",Sexy="女",Scroe=50}, };
1.简单形式
查询姓名为Terry的学生信息:
var query = from student in students where student.Name=="Terry" select student; foreach (var student in query) { Console.WriteLine("学号:{0},姓名:{1},性别:{2},分数:{3}",student.NumId,student.Name,student.Sexy,student.Scroe); //学号:1,姓名:Terry,性别:男,分数:92 }
查询分数大于80的学生姓名:
var query = from student in students where student.Scroe > 80 select student.Name; foreach (var student in query) { Console.WriteLine("姓名:{0}", student); //姓名:Terry //姓名:AI }
2.关系条件形式
说明:"与"--"&"和"或"--"&"运算
查询性别为女性并且分数大于等于60的学生信息:
var query = from student in students where student.Sexy == "女" && student.Scroe >= 60 select student; foreach (var student in query) { Console.WriteLine("学号:{0},姓名:{1},性别:{2},分数:{3}", student.NumId, student.Name, student.Sexy, student.Scroe); //学号:4,姓名:Tracy,性别:女,分数:60 }
查询学号为01或者分数小于60分的学生信息:
var query = from student in students where student.NumId == 1 || student.Scroe < 60 select student; foreach (var student in query) { Console.WriteLine("学号:{0},姓名:{1},性别:{2},分数:{3}", student.NumId, student.Name, student.Sexy, student.Scroe); //学号:1,姓名:Terry,性别:男,分数:92 //学号:5,姓名:Kobe,性别:女,分数:50 }
3.First()形式
说明:返回集合中的一个元素,其实质就是在SQL语句中加TOP(1),同样的Last()形式也差不多
查询集合中的第一个学生信息:
var student = students.First(); Console.WriteLine("学号:{0},姓名:{1},性别:{2},分数:{3}", student.NumId, student.Name, student.Sexy, student.Scroe); //学号:1,姓名:Terry,性别:男,分数:92
查询小于80分的集合中的第一个学生信息:
var student = students.First(s => s.Scroe < 80); Console.WriteLine("学号:{0},姓名:{1},性别:{2},分数:{3}", student.NumId, student.Name, student.Sexy, student.Scroe); //学号:3,姓名:Wade,性别:男,分数:78
查询小于80分的集合中的最后一个学生信息:
var student = students.Last(s => s.Scroe < 80); Console.WriteLine("学号:{0},姓名:{1},性别:{2},分数:{3}", student.NumId, student.Name, student.Sexy, student.Scroe); //学号:5,姓名:Kobe,性别:女,分数:50