在这边我是基于Mac
项目创建
项目创建之前我们新建一个数据库, 下面是操作步骤
xxzxdeMacBook-Pro:bin xxzx$ /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 114
Server version: 8.0.12 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| bj18 |
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.10 sec)
mysql> create database dailyfresh charset=utf8;
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.09 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| bj18 |
| dailyfresh |
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> use dailyfresh;
Database changed
复制代码要注意的是,如果我们连接的不是本地的数据库, 我们需要做一些特殊配置. 这里我使用本机做一下操作
- 首先我们要修改当前数据库绑定的ip地址, 找到正确路径下的配置
1. 打开终端Terminal
在 PyCharm 中也可以通过终端操作, 在这里我们通过PyCharm内的终端打开
- 先进入我们需要创建工程的目录中
xxzxdeMacBook-Pro:bin xxzx$ cd ~/Desktop/python/bj18/
xxzxdeMacBook-Pro:bj18 xxzx$ django-admin startproject dailyfresh
xxzxdeMacBook-Pro:bj18 xxzx$ cd dailyfresh/
xxzxdeMacBook-Pro:dailyfresh xxzx$ ls
dailyfresh manage.py
xxzxdeMacBook-Pro:dailyfresh xxzx$ python3 manage.py startapp user
xxzxdeMacBook-Pro:dailyfresh xxzx$ python3 manage.py startapp goods
xxzxdeMacBook-Pro:dailyfresh xxzx$ python3 manage.py startapp cart
xxzxdeMacBook-Pro:dailyfresh xxzx$ python3 manage.py startapp order
xxzxdeMacBook-Pro:dailyfresh xxzx$ ls
cart dailyfresh goods manage.py order user
复制代码- 通过PyCharm打开项目
一般情况下, 项目的应用比较多,我们会在项目中新建一个 package 把所有的应用放到这个文件夹下面
- 我们之后要在注册的应用中添加如下
如果我们未来方便,不想写如 apps.user 这种 我们可以自己定义搜索路径,如下
其中的 BASE_DIR 相当于当前项目的目录 直接拼接即可,这样我们在下面 INSTALLED_APPS 中直接输入即可,如下
之后我们做一些基础配置,templates, 新增文件夹
配置静态文件路径
在每个应用中添加一个urls.py文件
新建一个 package 的 db 文件夹作为抽象基类
在当前项目中需要用到 tinymce 这个安装包 我们可以在 PyCharm 的底部找到 Terminal 如下图
在这里安装, 会自动安装到当前环境中, 这这里我们需要做如下配置
根据我们分析页面中数据库表中
分别在每个应用中新建模型,具体代码如下
- user
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
from db.base_model import BaseModel
# Create your models here.
class User(AbstractUser, BaseModel):
'''用户模型类'''
class Meta:
db_table = 'df_user'
verbose_name = '用户'
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
class Address(BaseModel):
'''地址模型类'''
user = models.ForeignKey('User', verbose_name='所属账户')
receiver = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='收件人')
addr = models.CharField(max_length=256, verbose_name='收件地址')
zip_code = models.CharField(max_length=6, null=True, verbose_name='邮政编码')
phone = models.CharField(max_length=11, verbose_name='联系电话')
is_default = models.BooleanField(default=False, verbose_name='是否默认')
class Meta:
db_table = 'df_address'
verbose_name = '地址'
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
复制代码- goods
from django.db import models
from db.base_model import BaseModel
from tinymce.models import HTMLField
# Create your models here.
class GoodsType(BaseModel):
'''商品类型模型类'''
name = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='种类名称')
logo = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='标识')
image = models.ImageField(upload_to='type', verbose_name='商品类型图片')
class Meta:
db_table = 'df_goods_type'
verbose_name = '商品种类'
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
def __str__(self):
return self.name
class GoodsSKU(BaseModel):
'''商品SKU模型类'''
status_choices = (
(0, '下线'),
(1, '上线'),
)
type = models.ForeignKey('GoodsType', verbose_name='商品种类')
goods = models.ForeignKey('Goods', verbose_name='商品SPU')
name = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='商品名称')
desc = models.CharField(max_length=256, verbose_name='商品简介')
price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, verbose_name='商品价格')
unite = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='商品单位')
image = models.ImageField(upload_to='goods', verbose_name='商品图片')
stock = models.IntegerField(default=1, verbose_name='商品库存')
sales = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name='商品销量')
status = models.SmallIntegerField(default=1, choices=status_choices, verbose_name='商品状态')
class Meta:
db_table = 'df_goods_sku'
verbose_name = '商品'
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
class Goods(BaseModel):
'''商品SPU模型类'''
name = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='商品SPU名称')
# 富文本类型:带有格式的文本
detail = HTMLField(blank=True, verbose_name='商品详情')
class Meta:
db_table = 'df_goods'
verbose_name = '商品SPU'
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
class GoodsImage(BaseModel):
'''商品图片模型类'''
sku = models.ForeignKey('GoodsSKU', verbose_name='商品')
image = models.ImageField(upload_to='goods', verbose_name='图片路径')
class Meta:
db_table = 'df_goods_image'
verbose_name = '商品图片'
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
class IndexGoodsBanner(BaseModel):
'''首页轮播商品展示模型类'''
sku = models.ForeignKey('GoodsSKU', verbose_name='商品')
image = models.ImageField(upload_to='banner', verbose_name='图片')
index = models.SmallIntegerField(default=0, verbose_name='展示顺序')
class Meta:
db_table = 'df_index_banner'
verbose_name = '首页轮播商品'
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
class IndexTypeGoodsBanner(BaseModel):
'''首页分类商品展示模型类'''
DISPLAY_TYPE_CHOICES = (
(0, "标题"),
(1, "图片")
)
type = models.ForeignKey('GoodsType', verbose_name='商品类型')
sku = models.ForeignKey('GoodsSKU', verbose_name='商品SKU')
display_type = models.SmallIntegerField(default=1, choices=DISPLAY_TYPE_CHOICES, verbose_name='展示类型')
index = models.SmallIntegerField(default=0, verbose_name='展示顺序')
class Meta:
db_table = 'df_index_type_goods'
verbose_name = "主页分类展示商品"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
class IndexPromotionBanner(BaseModel):
'''首页促销活动模型类'''
name = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='活动名称')
url = models.URLField(verbose_name='活动链接')
image = models.ImageField(upload_to='banner', verbose_name='活动图片')
index = models.SmallIntegerField(default=0, verbose_name='展示顺序')
class Meta:
db_table = 'df_index_promotion'
verbose_name = "主页促销活动"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
复制代码- cart
from django.db import models
from db.base_model import BaseModel
# Create your models here.
class OrderInfo(BaseModel):
'''订单模型类'''
PAY_METHOD_CHOICES = (
(1, '货到付款'),
(2, '微信支付'),
(3, '支付宝'),
(4, '银联支付')
)
ORDER_STATUS_CHOICES = (
(1, '待支付'),
(2, '待发货'),
(3, '待收货'),
(4, '待评价'),
(5, '已完成')
)
order_id = models.CharField(max_length=128, primary_key=True, verbose_name='订单id')
user = models.ForeignKey('user.User', verbose_name='用户')
addr = models.ForeignKey('user.Address', verbose_name='地址')
pay_method = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=PAY_METHOD_CHOICES, default=3, verbose_name='支付方式')
total_count = models.IntegerField(default=1, verbose_name='商品数量')
total_price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, verbose_name='商品总价')
transit_price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2,verbose_name='订单运费')
order_status = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=ORDER_STATUS_CHOICES, default=1, verbose_name='订单状态')
trade_no = models.CharField(max_length=128, verbose_name='支付编号')
class Meta:
db_table = 'df_order_info'
verbose_name = '订单'
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
class OrderGoods(BaseModel):
'''订单商品模型类'''
order = models.ForeignKey('OrderInfo', verbose_name='订单')
sku = models.ForeignKey('goods.GoodsSKU', verbose_name='商品SKU')
count = models.IntegerField(default=1, verbose_name='商品数目')
price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, verbose_name='商品价格')
comment = models.CharField(max_length=256, verbose_name='评论')
class Meta:
db_table = 'df_order_goods'
verbose_name = '订单商品'
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
复制代码- order
from django.db import models
from db.base_model import BaseModel
# Create your models here.
class OrderInfo(BaseModel):
'''订单模型类'''
PAY_METHOD_CHOICES = (
(1, '货到付款'),
(2, '微信支付'),
(3, '支付宝'),
(4, '银联支付')
)
ORDER_STATUS_CHOICES = (
(1, '待支付'),
(2, '待发货'),
(3, '待收货'),
(4, '待评价'),
(5, '已完成')
)
order_id = models.CharField(max_length=128, primary_key=True, verbose_name='订单id')
user = models.ForeignKey('user.User', verbose_name='用户')
addr = models.ForeignKey('user.Address', verbose_name='地址')
pay_method = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=PAY_METHOD_CHOICES, default=3, verbose_name='支付方式')
total_count = models.IntegerField(default=1, verbose_name='商品数量')
total_price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, verbose_name='商品总价')
transit_price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2,verbose_name='订单运费')
order_status = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=ORDER_STATUS_CHOICES, default=1, verbose_name='订单状态')
trade_no = models.CharField(max_length=128, verbose_name='支付编号')
class Meta:
db_table = 'df_order_info'
verbose_name = '订单'
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
class OrderGoods(BaseModel):
'''订单商品模型类'''
order = models.ForeignKey('OrderInfo', verbose_name='订单')
sku = models.ForeignKey('goods.GoodsSKU', verbose_name='商品SKU')
count = models.IntegerField(default=1, verbose_name='商品数目')
price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, verbose_name='商品价格')
comment = models.CharField(max_length=256, verbose_name='评论')
class Meta:
db_table = 'df_order_goods'
verbose_name = '订单商品'
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
复制代码接下来我们指定当前django系统使用的模型类
当我们使用
xxzxdeMacBook-Pro:dailyfresh xxzx$ python manage.py create superuser
这条命令去创建用户的时候, django 会使用自己默认的模型类为我们创建账户具体账户信息如下 下面是例子代码
mysql> show tables;
+----------------------------+
| Tables_in_bj18 |
+----------------------------+
| auth_group |
| auth_group_permissions |
| auth_permission |
| auth_user |
| auth_user_groups |
| auth_user_user_permissions |
| booktest_bookinfo |
| booktest_heroinfo |
| django_admin_log |
| django_content_type |
| django_migrations |
| django_session |
+----------------------------+
12 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
复制代码我们会看到有一个 auth_user 这个表, 会有一个默认的 auth_user_model. 如果我们不指定的话, 就是使用这个默认的model, 所以我们在使用 python manage.py create superuser 命令去创建内容的时候, 就会默认放到 auth_user 这个表里, 所以我们需要使用如下方式指定使用的模型类
mysql> desc auth_user;
+--------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| password | varchar(128) | NO | | NULL | |
| last_login | datetime(6) | YES | | NULL | |
| is_superuser | tinyint(1) | NO | | NULL | |
| username | varchar(30) | NO | UNI | NULL | |
| first_name | varchar(30) | NO | | NULL | |
| last_name | varchar(30) | NO | | NULL | |
| email | varchar(254) | NO | | NULL | |
| is_staff | tinyint(1) | NO | | NULL | |
| is_active | tinyint(1) | NO | | NULL | |
| date_joined | datetime(6) | NO | | NULL | |
+--------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
11 rows in set (0.03 sec)
复制代码下面记录一下遇到的问题
- Django 2.0之后使用了新的方式,如果我们建立了 apps 文件夹我们在 project 下的 settings.py 中使用 'apps.user' 的方式引用
- 在 project 的 urls.py 下我们如果想要使用命名空间, 如下的方式, 我们需要在 apps 下的 user 这个应用中的 urls.py 这个文件中增加 app_name = 'user' 如下图,否则会出问题(出现如下报错)
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Specifying a namespace in include() without providing an app_name is not supported. Set the app_name attribute in the included module, or pass a 2-tuple containing the list of patterns and app_name instead.
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