新安装的Linux系统

设置root用户的密码

sudo passwd root 回车
设置root用户的密码(使用root账户)

安装yum

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt install yum

Linux系统(Ubuntu)中使用国内的源地址

• 源地址列表文件路径

  ubuntu系统的源列表配置文件的路径是：/etc/apt/ sources.list

为了在替换前留个备份，可以执行命令做个备份：

cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list-bak

• 源地址列表文件的替换

  不同的版本，sources.list里的url是不同的，主要是版本好不一样，例如ubuntu14.04的代号是trusty ，而ubuntu16.04是 xenial。

具体查看方法是执行命令：lsb_release -a 回车

返回的Codename就是版本代号

如图：

image.png

ubuntu14.04版本

将/etc/apt/ sources.list的内容替换为：

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main multiverse restricted universe

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main multiverse restricted universe

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main multiverse restricted universe

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main multiverse restricted universe

替换后执行命令： sudo apt-get update

ubuntu16.04版本

将/etc/apt/ sources.list的内容替换为：

deb  http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main multiverse restricted universe

deb  http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main multiverse restricted universe

deb  http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main multiverse restricted universe

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main multiverse restricted universe

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main multiverse restricted universe

替换后执行命令： sudo apt-get update

出现apt-get: Package has no installation candidate问题

apt-get update
apt-get upgrade
apt-get install <packagename>

• 添加第三方地址：

sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://archive.canonical.com/ lucid partner"
sudo apt-get update