1、建立rman表空间

create tablespace rman logging datafile '/opt/oracle/backup/rman/riademo/rman.dbf' size 1024M extent management local segment space management auto;


2、建立rman用户

create user rman identified by rman default tablespace rman;

grant connect,resource to rman;

grant RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER to rman;

grant unlimited tablespace to rman;

grant sysdba to rman;


3、查看是否归档模式(若不是打开归档模式)

sql> archive log list;


4、建立catalog数据库及注册表

cd $ORACLE_HOME/bin

./rman catalog rman/rman

RMAN>create catalog tablespace "RMAN";

recovery catalog created

RMAN>exit


./rman target sys/passwd@oracle_sid catalog rman/rman@oracle_sid

(若有错误查看第5点，无则调过第5点)

RMAN>register database;


5、检查$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora 加入

ORACLE_SID =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = name.site)(PORT = 1521))

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVER = DEDICATED)

      (SERVICE_NAME = oracle_sid)

    )

  )


6、rman环境设置

备份策略：

每周日进行一次全库备份；

每天每8小时进行一次归档日志备份；


为了使备份保留更长时间，设置保留30天的备份信息：

RMAN> configure retention policy to recovery window of 30 days;


启用控制文件自动备份及备份存放位置配置：

RMAN> configure controlfile autobackup on;


RMAN> show all;

RMAN configuration parameters are:

CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO RECOVERY WINDOW OF 30 DAYS;

CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION ON;

CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default

CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;

CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '%F'; # default

CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; # default

CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default

CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default

CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default

CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default

CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default

CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default

CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/opt/oracle/product/10.2/db_1/dbs/snapcf_rxxxx.f'; # default


7、备份实施

7.１、备份策略：

每周日进行一次全库备份；

每天每8小时进行一次归档日志备份；

系统自动清除30天前的备份信息，即保留一个月数据备份；

手动删除归档日志备份，预计保留一年归档日志，以备将来数据库的完整恢复；


7.2、创建备份必要目录

cd /opt/oracle/backup

mkdir script            #存放脚本

mkdir log               #存放备份生成日志，检查该日志即可查看备份是否成功

mkdir dbback            #存放备份数据文件

mkdir logback           #存放归档日志备份


7.3备份脚本

在/opt/oracle/backup/script目录下编辑全库备份脚本dbback.sh，内容如下：


#!/bin/bash

export ORACLE_SID=oracle_sid

export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/10.2/db_1

export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle

export NLS_LANG="SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK"

backtime=`date +"20%y%m%d%H%M%S"`

cd $ORACLE_HOME/bin

./rman target / catalog rman/rman log=/opt/oracle/backup/log/backupall_$backtime.log <<EOF

run{

    allocate channel c1 device type disk;

    allocate channel c2 device type disk;

    allocate channel c3 device type disk;

    allocate channel c4 device type disk;

    allocate channel c5 device type disk;

    crosscheck backup;

    sql 'alter system archive log current';

    backup database format '/opt/oracle/backup/dbback/db_%d_%T_%U';

    sql 'alter system archive log current';

    backup archivelog all format '/opt/oracle/backup/logback/arc_%t_%s' delete all input; 

    backup current controlfile format '/opt/oracle/backup/controlfileback/cntrl_%s_%p_%s';

    crosscheck archivelog all;

    delete noprompt expired backup;

    delete noprompt obsolete;

    delete noprompt backup of database completed before 'sysdate - 30';

    release channel c1;

    release channel c2;

    release channel c3;

    release channel c4;

    release channel c5;

}

EOF



在/opt/oracle/backup/script目录下编辑归档日志备份脚本backuparchive.sh，内容如下:


#!/bin/bash

export ORACLE_SID=oracle_sid

export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/10.2/db_1

export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle

export NLS_LANG="SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK"

backtime=`date +"20%y%m%d%H%M%S" `

/opt/oracle/product/10.2/db_1/bin/rman target / catalog rman/rman log=/opt/oracle/backup/log/arcbackup_$backtime.log <<EOF

run{

   allocate channel c1 device type disk;

   allocate channel c2 device type disk;

   allocate channel c3 device type disk;

   sql 'alter system archive log current';

   backup archivelog all format '/opt/oracle/backup/logback/arc_%t_%s' delete all input;

   crosscheck archivelog all;

   delete archivelog all;

   release channel c1;

   release channel c2;

   release channel c3;

}

EOF


8、crontab 自动执行脚本

为了使系统定期执行备份操作，在crontab中添加如下内容：

每周日00：00进行一次全库备份操作；每天八个小时进行一次归档日志备份操作；

0 0 * * 0 sh /opt/oracle/backup/script/dbback.sh 2>&1

0 0,8,16 * * * sh /opt/oracle/backup/script/archivelogback.sh 2>&1


service cron restart



9、测试

全库备份测试成功；

归档日志备份测试成功；

具体测试日志见附录部分。

观察是否有新的备份生成，且查看/backup/目录下

cd / backup/dbback

ls -lrt

cd /backup/logback/

ls -lrt

cd /backup/log /