类名(参数名)这样的对象是临时对象,不能取地址,不能被引用,不过可以给同类型的其他对象赋值,该临时对象定以后可以进行一次操作,然后立即销毁。
当我们定义一个对象以后并不想立即给它赋初值,而是以后给它赋初值,在稍后赋初值的时候,该类临时对象就可以发挥作用了。
下面给出一个例子:
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
class A
{
public:
A()
{
cout<<"Default constructor"<<endl;
}
A(string n)
{
name = n;
cout<<"Constructor called=====>"<<name<<endl;
}
~A()
{
cout<<"Desctructor called=======>"<<name<<endl;
}
private:
string name;
};
int main()
{
A a;
a =A("one");
return 0;
}
结果输出:
Default constructor
Constructor called=====>one
Desctructor called=======>one
Desctructor called=======>one
用于对象数组初始化的有趣情况:
当临时对象用于数组对象初始化的时候,有两种情况:
情况一:使用初始化表统一进行初始化
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
class A
{
public:
A()
{
cout<<"Default constructor"<<endl;
}
A(string n)
{
name = n;
cout<<"Constructor called=====>"<<name<<endl;
}
~A()
{
cout<<"Desctructor called=======>"<<name<<endl;
}
private:
string name;
};
int main()
{
A a[2]={A("ONE"),A("TWO")};
return 0;
}
结果输出:
Constructor called=====>ONE
Constructor called=====>TWO
Desctructor called=======>TWO
Desctructor called=======>ONE
情况二:单独进行初始化
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
class A
{
public:
A()
{
cout<<"Default constructor"<<endl;
}
A(string n)
{
name = n;
cout<<"Constructor called=====>"<<name<<endl;
}
~A()
{
cout<<"Desctructor called=======>"<<name<<endl;
}
private:
string name;
};
int main()
{
A a[2];
a[0]=A("one");
a[1]=A("two");
return 0;
}
输出结果:
转换构造函数会生成临时变量:
示例代码:
情况一:在定义对象时用数字初始化:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class A
{
public:
A(int i = 0)
{
m = i;
cout<<"Constructor called."<<m<<endl;
}
void set(int i)
{
m = i;
}
void print()
{
cout<<m<<endl;
}
~A()
{
cout<<"Destructor called."<<m<<endl;
}
private:
int m;
};
int main()
{
A my = 5;
my.print();
return 0;
}
结果输出:
情况二:定义好对象以后再使用数字进行赋值
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class A
{
public:
A(int i = 0)
{
m = i;
cout<<"Constructor called."<<m<<endl;
}
void set(int i)
{
m = i;
}
void print()
{
cout<<m<<endl;
}
~A()
{
cout<<"Destructor called."<<m<<endl;
}
private:
int m;
};
int main()
{
A my;
my = 5;
my.print();
return 0;
}
结果输出: