linux下如何增加LVM磁盘空间

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-13 21:54:30 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-08-13 21:54:30 发布

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原文链接：https://yq.aliyun.com/articles/551888

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根文件系统快用完了，给你一块新硬盘，怎样实现根文件系统扩容？这是面试中经常会出现的一个问题。接下来，我们就在虚拟机里面做一下这个试验。

1、试验环境

物理机：Windows XP
虚拟机：VMware 7
虚拟系统：RHEL 4

2、当前的磁盘使用情况

三块SCSI虚拟硬盘，每个8G，总共24G。一个卷组VolGroup00，分成两个逻辑卷，LogVol00作为根文件系统，LogVol01作为swap。

[root@Shell_HAT]# df -h
Filesystem            Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
                       20G   17G 1.9G 91% /
/dev/sda1              99M 9.0M   85M 10% /boot
none                  506M     0 506M   0% /dev/shm

LVM添加硬盘和扩容

测试环境：CentOS7 64位（KVM虚拟机）

LVM版本：lvm2-2.02.105-14.el7.x86_64

1、添加一块硬盘（8GB）到系统中

使用 fdisk -l 查看到这块新盘为/dev/vdb：

1	`shell` `# fdisk -l`

2、对新盘分区

使用 fdisk 命令对新盘进行分区，这里建立了一个主分区/dev/vdb1，大小8GB，最后使用 partprobe 命令重新读取分区表：

1 2	`shell` `# fdisk /dev/vdb` `shell` `# partprobe`

在分区的过程中，注意设置格式为8e，这是LVM的分区格式。

[root@Shell_HAT]# ls -l /dev/sd*
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 0 Mar 11 2012 /dev/sda
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 1 Mar 11 2012 /dev/sda1
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 2 Mar 11 2012 /dev/sda2
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 16 Mar 11 2012 /dev/sdb
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 17 Mar 11 2012 /dev/sdb1
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 32 Mar 11 2012 /dev/sdc
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 33 Mar 11 2012 /dev/sdc1

[root@Shell_HAT]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id System
/dev/sda1   *           1          13      104391   83 Linux
/dev/sda2              14        1044     8281507 8e Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdb: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id System
/dev/sdb1               1        1044     8385898 8e Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdc: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id System
/dev/sdc1               1        1044     8385898 8e Linux LVM

[root@Shell_HAT]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name               VolGroup00
System ID
Format                lvm2
Metadata Areas        3
Metadata Sequence No 17
VG Access             read/write
VG Status             resizable
MAX LV                0
Cur LV                2
Open LV               2
Max PV                0
Cur PV                3
Act PV                3
VG Size               23.81 GB
PE Size               32.00 MB
Total PE              762
Alloc PE / Size       760 / 23.75 GB
Free PE / Size       2 / 64.00 MB
VG UUID               djJXj5-3rkx-PEpi-2OJn-ZofS-VaF6-KUo9UR

[root@Shell_HAT]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Name                /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00
VG Name                VolGroup00
LV UUID                kOehzE-SEAQ-tm3L-jIkG-gbZv-YWC5-apQWWf
LV Write Access        read/write
LV Status              available
# open                 1
LV Size                19.81 GB
Current LE             634
Segments               4
Allocation             inherit
Read ahead sectors     0
Block device           253:0

--- Logical volume ---
LV Name                /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01
VG Name                VolGroup00
LV UUID                vI2EKQ-5tne-heGk-bbkL-9K6g-23fs-b9e3Y4
LV Write Access        read/write
LV Status              available
# open                 1
LV Size                3.94 GB
Current LE             126
Segments               2
Allocation             inherit
Read ahead sectors     0
Block device           253:1

[root@Shell_HAT]# cat /etc/fstab
# This file is edited by fstab-sync - see 'man fstab-sync' for details
/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 /                       ext3    defaults        1 1
LABEL=/boot             /boot                   ext3    defaults        1 2
none                    /dev/pts                devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
none                    /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0
none                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0
none                    /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0
/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01 swap                    swap    defaults        0 0

3、在VMware里面新增一块SCSI虚拟硬盘

确认虚拟系统RHEL4处于关机状态，用VMware打开Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.vmx，点击Edit virtual machine setings，点击Add按钮，选中Hard Disk，点击Next按钮，选中Create a new virtual disk，点击Next按钮，选中SCSI，点击Next按钮，设置Maximum disk size为8，点击Next按钮，点击Finish按钮，点击OK按钮，启动虚拟系统RHEL4。

4、根文件系统扩容

用一句话来总结：创建物理卷 >>> 卷组扩容 >>> 逻辑卷扩容 >>> 文件系统扩容

（1）创建物理卷

[root@Shell_HAT]# pvcreate /dev/sdd
Physical volume "/dev/sdd" successfully created

（2）查看创建好的物理卷

[root@Shell_HAT]# pvdisplay /dev/sdd
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name               /dev/sdd
VG Name
PV Size               8.00 GB
Allocatable           NO
PE Size (KByte)       0
Total PE              0
Free PE               0
Allocated PE          0
PV UUID               5ne1Nx-bsCO-9Vxh-6Pmc-rBnf-dsZo-WjQDYS

（3）卷组扩容

[root@Shell_HAT]# vgextend VolGroup00 /dev/sdd
Volume group "VolGroup00" successfully extended

（4）查看扩容之后的卷组信息

[root@Shell_HAT]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name               VolGroup00
System ID
Format                lvm2
Metadata Areas        4
Metadata Sequence No 18
VG Access             read/write
VG Status             resizable
MAX LV                0
Cur LV                2
Open LV               2
Max PV                0
Cur PV                4
Act PV                4
VG Size               31.78 GB
PE Size               32.00 MB
Total PE              1017
Alloc PE / Size       760 / 23.75 GB
Free PE / Size       257 / 8.03 GB
VG UUID               djJXj5-3rkx-PEpi-2OJn-ZofS-VaF6-KUo9UR

（5）逻辑卷扩容

[root@Shell_HAT]# lvextend -L+8G /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00
Extending logical volume LogVol00 to 27.81 GB
Logical volume LogVol00 successfully resized

（6）查看扩容之后的逻辑卷

[root@Shell_HAT]# lvdisplay /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00
--- Logical volume ---
LV Name                /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00
VG Name                VolGroup00
LV UUID                kOehzE-SEAQ-tm3L-jIkG-gbZv-YWC5-apQWWf
LV Write Access        read/write
LV Status              available
# open                 1
LV Size                27.81 GB
Current LE             890
Segments               5
Allocation             inherit
Read ahead sectors     0
Block device           253:0

（7）文件系统在线扩容

[root@Shell_HAT]# resize2fs /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00
ext2online v1.1.18 - 2001/03/18 for EXT2FS 0.5b

（8）大功告成

[root@Shell_HAT]# df -h
Filesystem            Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
                       28G   17G 9.4G 65% /
/dev/sda1              99M 9.0M   85M 10% /boot
none                  506M     0 506M   0% /dev/shm