故障现象：ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/array/ora/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initorc1.ora'

原理：在oracle9i和oracle10g中，数据库默认将使用spfile启动数据库，如果spfile不存在，则就会出现上述错误。
 解决办法：将$ORACLE_BASE/admin/数据库名称/pfile目录下的init.ora.012009233838形式的文件copy到$ORACLE_HOME/dbs目录下initoracle.ora即可。（注：initoracle.ora中的oracle为你的实例名 ORACLE_SID）

故障：
[root@db2 ~]# su - oracle
-bash: /home/oracle: is a directory
-bash: /home/oracle: is a directory
-bash: /home/oracle: is a directory
[oracle@db2 ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat Jan 21 13:10:47 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/array/ora/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/                              dbs/initorc1.ora'
解决：
[oracle@db2 ~]$ find /array  -name pfile    //查看pfile位置
/array/ora/admin/orcl/pfile
[oracle@db2 ~]$ ls -l /array/ora/admin/orcl/pfile   
total 4
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1909 Jan 21 12:45 init.ora.0212012125517
[oracle@db2 ~]$  
cp /array/ora/admin/orcl/pfile/init.ora.0212012125517  /array/ora/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/          //把pfile下的init.ora.0212012125517复制/array/ora/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initorc1.ora并改名为initorc1.ora
[oracle@db2 ~]$ cp /array/ora/admin/orcl/pfile/init.ora.0212012125517  /array/ora/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initorc1.ora
[oracle@db2 ~]$ ls -l  /array/ora/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs
total 32
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 2851 May 15  2009 init.ora
drwx------ 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Jan 21 12:45 peshm_orcl_0
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 1544 Jan 21 12:45 hc_orcl.dat
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   24 Jan 21 12:49 lkORCL
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1536 Jan 21 12:56 orapworcl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2560 Jan 21 13:16 spfileorcl.ora
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1909 Jan 21 13:18 initorc1.ora

[oracle@db2 ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat Jan 21 13:26:28 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.