每个linux的学习者都知道GNU/Linux是什么意思！那么我们在使用LINUX的过程中，到底感受的那个更多些？
我们在大学计算机的入门教程中，知道了什么叫“裸机”，没有操作系统的计算机硬件，也没有加电！除非其全部被重置。我的类比理解就是这样。
    比如我们日常所用的如题的软件套件集合，正如我们错误的将之遗忘一样！提起它，让它见到光明！
[root@localhost home]# rpm -qi coreutils-5.97-12.1.el5
Name        : coreutils                    Relocations: (not relocatable)
Version     : 5.97                              Vendor: Red Hat, Inc.
Release     : 12.1.el5                      Build Date: Tue 28 Nov 2006 12:47:12 AM CST
Install Date: Thu 19 Feb 2009 11:00:38 PM CST      Build Host: hs20-bc1-7.build.redhat.com
Group       : System Environment/Base       Source RPM: coreutils-5.97-12.1.el5.src.rpm
Size        : 9014708                          License: GPL
Signature   : DSA/SHA1, Thu 18 Jan 2007 12:58:22 AM CST, Key ID 5326810137017186
Packager    : Red Hat, Inc. < http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla>
URL         : http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/
Summary     : The GNU core utilities: a set of tools commonly used in shell scripts
Description :
These are the GNU core utilities.  This package is the combination of
the old GNU fileutils, sh-utils, and textutils packages.
它包含有三个基本的套件，文件、shell、文本，各包含的程序如下：
1、文件套件
  • chgrp - Changes file group ownership.
  • chown - Changes file ownership.
  • chmod - Changes file permissions.
  • cp - Copies files.
  • dd - Copies and converts a file.
  • df - Shows disk free space on filesystems.
  • dir - Gives a brief directory listing.
  • dircolors - Setup program for the color output of GNU ls.
  • du - Shows disk usage on filesystems.
  • install - Copies file and sets its permissions.
  • ln - Creates file links.
  • ls - Lists directory contents.
  • mkdir - Creates directories.
  • mkfifo - Creates FIFOs (named pipes).
  • mknod - Creates special files.
  • mv - Moves files.
  • rm - Removes (deletes) files.
  • rmdir - Removes empty directories.
  • shred - Destroy data in files.
  • sync - Synchronizes filesystem buffers and disk.
  • touch - Changes file timestamps.
  • vdir - Long directory listing.
2、shell套件
  • [ - Check file types and compare values
  • basename - Removes the path prefix from a given pathname.
  • chroot - Changes the root directory.
  • date - Prints/sets the system date and time.
  • dirname - Removes the last level or filename from a given pathname.
  • echo - Prints a line of text.
  • env - Displays/modifies the environment.
  • expr - Evaluates expressions.
  • factor - Prints prime factors.
  • false - Returns an unsuccessful exit status.
  • groups - Print the groups that the user is a member of.
  • hostid - Print the numeric identifier for the current host
  • hostname - Print or set the machine name.
  • id - Print real/effective uid/gid.
  • logname - Print current login name.
  • nice - Modify scheduling priority.
  • nohup - Allows a command to continue running after logging out.
  • pathchk - Check file name portability.
  • pinky - Lightweight finger
  • printenv - Prints environment variables.
  • printf - Formats and prints data.
  • pwd - Print the current working directory.
  • seq - Print numeric sequences.
  • sleep - Suspends execution for a specified time.
  • stty - Print/change terminal settings.
  • su - Allows you to adopt the id of another user or superuser.
  • tee - Sends output to multiple files.
  • test - Evaluates an expression.
  • true - Returns a successful exit status.
  • tty - Print terminal name.
  • uname - Print system information.
  • users - Print current user names.
  • who - Print a list of all users currently logged in.
  • whoami - Print effective user id.
  • yes - Print a string repeatedly.
3、文本操作套件
  • cat - concatenate files and print to the standard output
  • cksum - checksum and count the bytes in a file
  • comm - compare two sorted files line by line
  • csplit - split a file into sections determined by context lines
  • cut - remove sections from each line of files
  • expand - convert tabs to spaces
  • fmt - simple optimal text formatter
  • fold - wrap each input line to fit in specified width
  • join - join lines of two files on a common field
  • md5sum - compute and check MD5 message digest
  • nl - number lines of files
  • od - dump files in octal and other formats
  • paste - merge lines of files
  • pr - convert text files for printing
  • ptx - produce a permuted index of file contents
  • sort - sort lines of text files
  • split - split a file into pieces
  • sum - checksum and count the blocks in a file
  • tac - concatenate and print files in reverse
  • tail - output the last part of files
  • tr - translate or delete characters
  • tsort - perform topological sort
  • unexpand - convert spaces to tabs
  • uniq - remove duplicate lines from a sorted file
  • wc - print the number of bytes, words, and lines in files
  • head - output the first part of files
看着这些工具，熟悉的面孔，每一个linux fans的基本技能！