图灵奖牛人介绍

维基的图灵奖介绍,英文原文链接https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing_Award

图灵奖作为计算机领域的世界顶级大奖,从1966年到2015年共有64位牛人获得该奖,其中有3位是杰出女性,超值得点赞,她们分别是Frances E. Allen(编译器优化)、Barbara Liskov(编程语言和分布式系统)、Shafi Goldwasser(加密算法复杂度理论)。

分布式相关的获奖者有2位,分别是Barbara Liskov(ViewStamp Replication和Byzantine Fault Tolerance发明者)和Leslie Lamport(PAXOS, Logic Timeclock, TLA+发明者)。

数据库相关的获奖者有4位,分别是Charles W. Bachman(数据库 Integrated DataStore), Edgar F.Codd(关系型数据库 OLAP, Relational model, Codd's 12 rules, Boyce–Codd normal form), Jim Gray(OLTP, ACID发明者), Michael Stonebraker(Ingres, Postgres,Vertica, Streambase, Illustra, VoltDB, SciDB发明者)。

获奖的重点方向在计算机理论和算法,共31人(包括著名的Edsger W. Dijkstra, Donald E. Knuth这些耳熟能详的大牛,以及杰出的华人计算机科学家Andrew Chi-Chih Yao姚期智),它仍然是计算机领域的皇冠。人工智能领域更是计算机世界的翘楚,从1969年MarvinMinsky开始获奖一直火到现在,已经有7人在该领域获奖,并且随着Alpha Go的横空出世,该领域还会越来越繁荣。

其他领域还有在硬件系统相关获奖者9人,操作系统相关2人,网络相关2人,编程语言7人,他们都是业界关键技术的发明人、先行者,通过他们领先的理论为我们构建了坚实的工程基础。

向伟大的图灵和图灵奖获得者致敬!

 

如下是每年图灵奖获得者以及获奖者贡献简介,供参考:

YEAR

获奖者Recipients

贡献Known For

1966

Alan J. Perlis 1922 – 1990

编程技术和编译器 IT, ALGOL

1967

Maurice Wilkes 1913 –  2010

第一台计算机EDSAC  EDSAC, Mercury Delay Line Memory,  Microprogramming, Library

1968

Richard Hamming 1915 – 1998

数字方法,编码系统,错误检测、纠错码 Hamming code,  window, numbers, distance

1969

Marvin Minsky 1927 - 2016

人工智能   AI

1970

James H. Wilkinson 1919 - 1986

数字分析 Wilkinson matrix
 Wilkinson's polynomial

1971

John McCarthy 1927 - 2011

人工智能 AI; Lisp; Circumscription;  Situation calculus

1972

Edsger W. Dijkstra 1930 - 2002

算法 Dijkstra's algorithm

1973

Charles W. Bachman 1924 -

数据库 Integrated Data Store

1974

Donald E. Knuth 1938 -

算法 The Art of Computer Programming

1975

Allen Newell 1927 - 1992

人工智能,人类识别 Information Processing  Language Soar, Logic Theory Machine, General Problem  Solver, Bounded rationality Satisficing

Herbert A. Simon 1916 - 2001

1976

Michael O. Rabinand 1931 -

非确定性状态机、算法、自动化
 Nondeterministic finite automata
 Randomized algorithms

Dana S. Scott 1932 -

1977

John Backus 1924 - 2007

Fortran编程语言 Speedcoding, FORTRAN, ALGOL, Backus–Naur  form, Function-level programming

1978

Robert W. Floyd 1936 - 2001

算法分析 Floyd–Warshall  algorithm, Floyd–Steinberg dithering, Floyd's  cycle-finding algorithm

1979

Kenneth E. Iverson 1920 - 2004

编程语言 Programming languages: APL, J

1980

Tony Hoare 1934 -

算法, 编程语言

1981

Edgar F. Codd 1923 - 2003

关系型数据库   OLAP, Relational model
 Codd's 12 rules, Boyce–Codd normal form

1982

Stephen A. Cook 1939 -

NP问题, 计算复杂度 NP-completeness, Propositional  proof complexity, Cook-Levin theorem

1983

Ken Thompson 1943 -

UNIX操作系统 Unix, B, UTF-8, Go

Dennis M. Ritchie 1941 - 2011

UNIX操作系统 ALTRAN, B, C, Unix

1984

Niklaus Wirth 1934 -

编程语言 Algol, Euler, Pascal, Modula,  Oberon

1985

Richard M. Karp 1935 -

网络算法, NP问题  Edmonds–Karp algorithm,
 Karp's 21 NP-complete problems, Hopcroft–Karp  algorithm, Karp–Lipton theorem, Rabin–Karp string search algorithm

1986

John Hopcroftand 1939 -

算法和数据结构 Algorithms and data structures

Robert Tarjan 1948 -

1987

John Cocke 1925 - 2002

RISC指令集 RISC, CYK algorithm

1988

Ivan Sutherland 1938 -

计算机图形 Father of computer graphics
 Sketchpad

1989

William Kahan 1933 -

数字分析, 浮点数 IEEE  754, Kahan summation algorithm

1990

Fernando J. Corbató 1926 -

大型分时复用计算机系统 Multics

1991

Robin Milner 1934 - 2010

并发系统 LCF, ML,  CCS

1992

Butler W. Lampson 1943 -

工作站, 网络, 操作系统 SDS 940, Xerox Alto

1993

Juris Hartmanisand 1928 -

计算复杂度理论

Richard E. Stearns 1936 -

1994

Edward Feigenbaum 1936 -

人工智能、专家系统 Expert system, DENDRAL  project

Raj Reddy 1937 -

1995

Manuel Blum 1938 -

计算复杂度理论 Blum complexity axioms,  speedup theorem, Blum Shub, Blum-Goldwasser cryptosystem

1996

Amir Pnueli 1941 - 2009

计算机理论-时间逻辑  Temporal Logic

1997

Douglas Engelbart 1925 - 2013

鼠标, 超文本, 交互式计算 Computer mouse, Hypertext, Groupware, Interactive computing

1998

Jim Gray 1944 - 2007

数据库 OLTP, ACID

1999

Frederick P. Brooks 1931 -

大型机, 人月神话  OS/360, The Mythical Man-Month

2000

Andrew Chi-Chih Yao 1946 -

计算机理论 伪随机数, 加密,  Yao's Principle

2001

Ole-Johan Dahland 1931 - 2002

面向对象编程 Simula Object-oriented  programming

Kristen Nygaard 1926 - 2002

2002

Ronald L. Rivest 1947 -

RSA加密算法

Adi Shamir 1952 -

Leonard M. Adleman 1945 -

2003

Alan Kay 1940 -

视窗,笔记本 Dynabook, Smalltalk, graphical  user interface windows, object-oriented programming

2004

Vinton G. Cerfand 1943 -

网络 TCP/IP, Internet Society

Robert E. Kahn 1938 -

2005

Peter Naur 1928 - 2016

编程语言 ALGOL

2006

Frances E. Allen 1932 -

编译器 High-performance computing,  parallel computing, compiler organization, optimization

2007

Edmund M. Clarke 1945 -

建模检测 Development of Model-Checking

E. Allen Emersonand 1954 -

Joseph Sifakis 1946 -

2008

Barbara Liskov 1939 -

分布式,编程语言 Venus (operating system), CLU  and Argus, Thor (object-orientated database),
 Liskov substitution principle

2009

Charles P. Thacker 1943 -

个人计算机, PC, 以太网  Alto (computer)

2010

Leslie G. Valiant 1949 -

计算理论 Valiant–Vazirani  theorem, Counting problem (complexity)

2011

Judea Pear 1936 -

人工智能 Artificial Intelligence,  Causality, Bayesian Networks

2012

Silvio Micali 1954 -

加密复杂度理论 Goldwasser–Micali cryptosystem
 Zero-knowledge proof, Pseudorandom Functions
 Peppercoin

Shafi Goldwasser 1958 -

2013

Leslie Lamport 1941 -

PAXOS, TLA, 分布式 Sequential consistency, Atomic Register Hierarchy,  Lamport's bakery algorithm, Byzantine fault tolerance, Paxos

2014

Michael Stonebraker 1943 -

数据库 Ingres, Postgres, Vertica,  Streambase, Illustra, VoltDB, SciDB

2015

Martin E. Hellman 1945 -

密码学 Diffie–Hellman  key exchange

Whitfield Diffie 1944