ORA-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error(TNS:协议适配器...

2019独角兽企业重金招聘Python工程师标准>>>

这种问题一般是因为客户端不知道要连那个instance或者不知道要使用哪个TNS Alias

可能的原因1.服务没有起来
下边是Tom的一个Test Case来说明OracleServiceSID服务没有起来的话，是会引起ORA-12560错误的。
[plain] view plaincopyprint?
C:\Documents and Settings\tkyte>sqlplus scott/tiger 
 
SQL*Plus: Release 10.1.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Sep 6 15:43:55 2007 
 
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved. 
 
 
Connected to: 
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.1.0.4.0 - Production 
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options 
 
scott%ORA10GR1> exit 
Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.1.0.4.0 - Production 
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options 
 
C:\Documents and Settings\tkyte>net stop oracleserviceora10gr1 
The OracleServiceORA10GR1 service is stopping......... 
The OracleServiceORA10GR1 service was stopped successfully. 
 
 
C:\Documents and Settings\tkyte>sqlplus scott/tiger 
 
SQL*Plus: Release 10.1.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Sep 6 15:44:35 2007 
 
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved. 
 
ERROR: 
ORA-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error 
 
 
Enter user-name: 
ERROR: 
ORA-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error 
 
 
Enter user-name: 
ERROR: 
ORA-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error 
 
 
SP2-0157: unable to CONNECT to ORACLE after 3 attempts, exiting SQL*Plus 
 
C:\Documents and Settings\tkyte>net start oracleserviceora10gr1 
The OracleServiceORA10GR1 service is starting.......... 
The OracleServiceORA10GR1 service was started successfully. 
 
 
C:\Documents and Settings\tkyte>sqlplus scott/tiger 
 
SQL*Plus: Release 10.1.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Sep 6 15:45:12 2007 
 
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved. 
 
 
Connected to: 
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.1.0.4.0 - Production 
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options 
 
scott%ORA10GR1><A name=PAGETOP></A> 

C:\Documents and Settings\tkyte>sqlplus scott/tiger

SQL*Plus: Release 10.1.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Sep 6 15:43:55 2007

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.1.0.4.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

scott%ORA10GR1> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.1.0.4.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

C:\Documents and Settings\tkyte>net stop oracleserviceora10gr1
The OracleServiceORA10GR1 service is stopping.........
The OracleServiceORA10GR1 service was stopped successfully.

C:\Documents and Settings\tkyte>sqlplus scott/tiger

SQL*Plus: Release 10.1.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Sep 6 15:44:35 2007

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

ERROR:
ORA-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error

Enter user-name:
ERROR:
ORA-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error

Enter user-name:
ERROR:
ORA-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error

SP2-0157: unable to CONNECT to ORACLE after 3 attempts, exiting SQL*Plus

C:\Documents and Settings\tkyte>net start oracleserviceora10gr1
The OracleServiceORA10GR1 service is starting..........
The OracleServiceORA10GR1 service was started successfully.

C:\Documents and Settings\tkyte>sqlplus scott/tiger

SQL*Plus: Release 10.1.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Sep 6 15:45:12 2007

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.1.0.4.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

scott%ORA10GR1>修改方法：控制面板>管理工具>服务里边把OracleServiceSID起起来

可能的原因2.ORACLE_SID环境变量没有指定（最常见引起ORA-12560问题的原因）
检查方法，命令行(cmd)下，
C:\Documents and Settings\ptian>set oracle_sid
ORACLE_SID=test
ORACLE_SID是sqlplus默认连接的数据库instance,即sqlplus user/pwd连接的instance，如果不指定sqlplus里连接的时候就需要明确@你的instance,eg,sqlplus user/pwd@instance .
修改方法：在注册表中，HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\ORACLE\KEY_OraDb10g_home1\ORACLE_SID 需指向你的Instance(eg.orcl)；或者在系统的环境变量里加ORACLE_SID项，值为Instance的SID。

可能的原因3.TNS_ADMIN环境变量没有指定
检查方法，命令行(cmd)下，
C:\Documents and Settings\ptian>set TNS_ADMIN
TNS_ADMIN=D:\oracle\product\10.1.0\Db_1\NETWORK\ADMIN
TNS_ADMIN应该返回你的tnsnames.ora所在的目录
修改方法：可以在注册表HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\ORACLE\HOME0\TNS_ADMIN或者环境变量中指定。

可能的原因4.ORACLE_HOME环境变量没有指定
和上边的方法类似，检查Oracle_Home环境变量

可能的原因5.tnsnames.ora文件内容不对
A sample:
TEST =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ptian-cn.cn.oracle.com)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = test)
    )
  )

Possible fixes for the TNS-12560 include：

 

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/jackguo/blog/174140