Java开发小技巧 ：HttpClient工具类

前言 大多数Java应用程序都会通过HTTP协议来调用接口访问各种网络资源，JDK也提供了相应的HTTP工具包，但是使用起来不够方便灵活，所以我们可以利用Apache的HttpClient来封装一个具有访问HTTP协议基本功能的高效工具类，为后续开发使用提供方便。

文章要点：

HttpClient使用流程 工具类封装 使用实例 HttpClient使用流程 1、导入Maven依赖

org.apache.httpcomponents httpclient 4.5.5 commons-codec commons-codec 1.11 com.google.code.gson gson 2.8.5 2、创建HttpClient实例

HttpClient client = HttpClientBuilder.create().build(); 3、创建请求方法的实例

GET请求使用HttpGet，POST请求使用HttpPost，并传入请求的URL

// POST请求 HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url); // GET请求，URL中带请求参数 HttpGet get = new HttpGet(url); 4、添加请求参数

普通形式

List list = new ArrayList<>(); list.add(new BasicNameValuePair("username", "admin")); list.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", "123456"));

// GET请求方式 // 由于GET请求的参数是拼装在URL后方，所以需要构建一个完整的URL，再创建HttpGet实例 URIBuilder uriBuilder = new URIBuilder("www.baidu.com"); uriBuilder.setParameters(list); HttpGet get = new HttpGet(uriBuilder.build());

// POST请求方式 post.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(list, Charsets.UTF_8)); JSON形式

Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<>(); map.put("username", "admin"); map.put("password", "123456"); Gson gson = new Gson(); String json = gson.toJson(map, new TypeToken<Map<String, String>>() {}.getType()); post.setEntity(new StringEntity(json, Charsets.UTF_8)); post.addHeader("Content-Type", "application/json"); 5、发送请求

调用HttpClient实例的execute方法发送请求，返回一个HttpResponse对象

HttpResponse response = client.execute(post); 6、获取结果

String result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()); 7、释放连接

post.releaseConnection(); 工具类封装 HttpClient工具类代码（根据相应使用场景进行封装）：

public class HttpClientUtil { // 发送GET请求 public static String getRequest(String path, List parametersBody) throws RestApiException, URISyntaxException { URIBuilder uriBuilder = new URIBuilder(path); uriBuilder.setParameters(parametersBody); HttpGet get = new HttpGet(uriBuilder.build()); HttpClient client = HttpClientBuilder.create().build(); try { HttpResponse response = client.execute(get); int code = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(); if (code >= 400) throw new RuntimeException((new StringBuilder()).append("Could not access protected resource. Server returned http code: ").append(code).toString()); return EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()); } catch (ClientProtocolException e) { throw new RestApiException("postRequest -- Client protocol exception!", e); } catch (IOException e) { throw new RestApiException("postRequest -- IO error!", e); } finally { get.releaseConnection(); } }

// 发送POST请求（普通表单形式）
public static String postForm(String path, List<NameValuePair> parametersBody) throws RestApiException {
    HttpEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(parametersBody, Charsets.UTF_8);
    return postRequest(path, "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", entity);
}

// 发送POST请求（JSON形式）
public static String postJSON(String path, String json) throws RestApiException {
    StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(json, Charsets.UTF_8);
    return postRequest(path, "application/json", entity);
}

// 发送POST请求
public static String postRequest(String path, String mediaType, HttpEntity entity) throws RestApiException {
    logger.debug("[postRequest] resourceUrl: {}", path);
    HttpPost post = new HttpPost(path);
    post.addHeader("Content-Type", mediaType);
    post.addHeader("Accept", "application/json");
    post.setEntity(entity);
    try {
        HttpClient client = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
        HttpResponse response = client.execute(post);
        int code = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
        if (code >= 400)
            throw new RestApiException(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
        return EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
    }
    catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
        throw new RestApiException("postRequest -- Client protocol exception!", e);
    }
    catch (IOException e) {
        throw new RestApiException("postRequest -- IO error!", e);
    }
    finally {
        post.releaseConnection();
    }
}
复制代码

} 使用实例 GET请求

List parametersBody = new ArrayList(); parametersBody.add(new BasicNameValuePair("userId", "admin")); String result = HttpClientUtil.getRequest("www.test.com/user",parametersBody); POST请求

List parametersBody = new ArrayList(); parametersBody.add(new BasicNameValuePair("username", "admin")); parametersBody.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", "123456")); String result = HttpClientUtil.postForm("www.test.com/login",parametersBody); POST请求（JSON形式）

Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<>(); map.put("username", "admin"); map.put("password", "123456"); Gson gson = new Gson(); String json = gson.toJson(map, new TypeToken<Map<String, String>>() {}.getType()); String result = HttpClientUtil.postJSON("www.test.com/login", json); 欢迎工作一到五年的Java工程师朋友们加入Java群： 891219277 群内提供免费的Java架构学习资料（里面有高可用、高并发、高性能及分布式、Jvm性能调优、Spring源码，MyBatis，Netty,Redis,Kafka,Mysql,Zookeeper,Tomcat,Docker,Dubbo,Nginx等多个知识点的架构资料）合理利用自己每一分每一秒的时间来学习提升自己，不要再用"没有时间“来掩饰自己思想上的懒惰！趁年轻，使劲拼，给未来的自己一个交代！

转载于:https://juejin.im/post/5c10801b6fb9a049c042e19a