- 笔记内容:
- *抽取域
- *匹配正则表达式
- *比较域
- *增加、附加、替换
- sed [选项] sed命令 输入文件 (命令要加单引号)
- sed [选项] -f sed脚本文件 输入文件 (脚本解释器)
- ***【参数】***
- a、文本定位参数
- x 行号 x,y 行号范围
- /pattern/ 查询包含pattern的行 /pattern/part/ 查询包含两个关键字的行
- pattern/,x 在给定行号上查询pattern
- x,/pattern 通过行号和关键字查询匹配行
- x,y! 查询不包含行号为x和y的行
- b、sed编辑命令
- p 打印匹配行 = 显示文件行号
- a\ 在定位行号后附加信文本信息 i\ 在定位行号后插入新文本信息
- d 删除定位行 c\ 用新文本替换定位文件
- s 使用替换模式替换相应关键字 r 从另一个文件中读文本
- w 写文本到一个文件 y 传送字符 n 安静模式,只显示修改的
- ***【编程举例】***
- # cat file
- The honeysuckle band played all night long for only $90.
- It was an evening of splendid music and company.
- Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.
- The local nurse Miss P.Neave was in attendance.
- 1、p(rint) 显示第二行
- # sed '2p' file
- The honeysuckle band played all night long for only $90.
- It was an evening of splendid music and company.
- It was an evening of splendid music and company.
- Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.
- The local nurse Miss P.Neave was in attendance.
- # sed -n '2p' file
- It was an evening of splendid music and company.
- 2、打印范围 1-3
- # sed -n '1,3p' file
- The honeysuckle band played all night long for only $90.
- It was an evening of splendid music and company.
- Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.
- 3、打印关键字 Neave
- # sed -n '/Neave/p' file
- The local nurse Miss P.Neave was in attendance.
- 4、使用关键字和行号进行查询 The
- # sed -n '/The/p' file
- The honeysuckle band played all night long for only $90.
- The local nurse Miss P.Neave was in attendance.
- # sed -n '4,/The/p' file
- The local nurse Miss P.Neave was in attendance.
- 5、匹配元字符$ (必须使用\屏蔽特殊含义)
- # sed -n '/\$/p' file
- The honeysuckle band played all night long for only $90.
- 6、显示整个文件
- # sed -n '1,$p' file
- The honeysuckle band played all night long for only $90.
- It was an evening of splendid music and company.
- Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.
- The local nurse Miss P.Neave was in attendance.
- 7、任意以ing结尾的 后跟任意字母0次或多次,以ing结尾,模式为/.*ing/
- # sed -n '/.*ing/p' file
- It was an evening of splendid music and company.
- 8、打印行首、打印最后一行
- # sed -n '1p' file
- The honeysuckle band played all night long for only $90.
- # sed -n '$p' file
- The local nurse Miss P.Neave was in attendance.
- 9、打印行号 (使用=号,格式为/pattern/=)
- # sed -n '/music/=' file
- 2
- # sed -e '/music/=' file
- The honeysuckle band played all night long for only $90.
- 2
- It was an evening of splendid music and company.
- Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.
- The local nurse Miss P.Neave was in attendance.
- 如果只关心行号及匹配行,则使用:
- # sed -n -e '/music/p' -e '/music/=' file
- It was an evening of splendid music and company.
- 2
- 10、附加文本,使用 a\ ,可以将指定文本一行或多行附加到指定行。’\’表示换行
- 举例:创建脚本append.sed
- # vim append.sed
- #!/bin/sed -f
- /company/ a\
- Then suddenly it happened.
- # chmod +x append.sed
- # ./append.sed file
- The honeysuckle band played all night long for only $90.
- It was an evening of splendid music and company.
- Then suddenly it happened.
- Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.
- The local nurse Miss P.Neave was in attendance.
- 11、插入文本,类似于附加文本,只是它在行前面插入
- 举例:创建脚本insert.sed
- # vim insert.sed
- #!/bin/sed -f
- /attendance/ i\
- Utter confusion followed.
- # chmod +x insert.sed
- #./insert.sed file
- The honeysuckle band played all night long for only $90.
- It was an evening of splendid music and company.
- Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.
- Utter confusion followed.
- The local nurse Miss P.Neave was in attendance.
- 12、修改文本,修改命令将用新文本替代关键字所在行的文本
- 举例:创建脚本change.sed
- # vim change.sed
- #!/bin/sed -f
- /honeysuckle/ c\
- The Office Dibble band played well.
- # chmod +x change.sed
- #./change.sed file
- The Office Dibble band played well.
- It was an evening of splendid music and company.
- Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.
- The local nurse Miss P.Neave was in attendance.
- 也可以使用行号来替换:
- #!/bin/sed -f
- 3 c\
- The Office Dibble band played well.
- 13、混合附加、插入、修改文本的脚本例子
- # vim mix.sed
- #!/bin/sed -f
- #This is the change on line 1
- 1 c\
- The Dibble band were grooving.
- #Then insert a line
- /evening/ i\
- They played some great tunes.
- #change the last line, a $ means lasr line
- $ c\
- Nurse Neave was too tipsy to help
- #stick in a new line before the last line
- 3 a\
- Where was the nurse to help?
- # chmod +x mix.sed
- # ./mix.sed file
- The Dibble band were grooving.
- They played some great tunes.
- It was an evening of splendid music and company.
- Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.
- Where was the nurse to help?
- Nurse Neave was too tipsy to help
- 14、删除文本,可以是行号,行范围,最后一行,正则表达式匹配删除等
- # sed '1d' file
- It was an evening of splendid music and company.
- Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.
- The local nurse Miss P.Neave was in attendance.
- # sed '1,3d' file
- The local nurse Miss P.Neave was in attendance.
- # sed '$d' file
- The honeysuckle band played all night long for only $90.
- It was an evening of splendid music and company.
- Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.
- # sed '/Neave/d' file
- The honeysuckle band played all night long for only $90.
- It was an evening of splendid music and company.
- Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.
- 15、替换文本,格式为[a,b]s/pre/post/[g p w n]
- s 是一个替换操作,查询pre,替换为post
- g 默认情况下只替换第一次匹配到的关键字,g为全局替换
- p 默认sed将所有被替换的行都显示出来,加p选项则-n无效。
- w 文件名,此选项将发生改变的行写入到另一个文件中
- n 不打印输出结果
- 举例:
- # sed 's/night/NIGHT/' file
- The honeysuckle band played all NIGHT long for only $90.
- It was an evening of splendid music and company.
- Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.
- The local nurse Miss P.Neave was in attendance.
- # sed 's/The/Wow!/g' file
- Wow! honeysuckle band played all night long for only $90.
- It was an evening of splendid music and company.
- Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.
- Wow! local nurse Miss P.Neave was in attendance.
- # sed 's/splendid/SPLENDID/w sed.out' file (文件名在引号里边)
- The honeysuckle band played all night long for only $90.
- It was an evening of SPLENDID music and company.
- Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.
- The local nurse Miss P.Neave was in attendance.
- # cat sed.out
- It was an evening of SPLENDID music and company.
- ***【使用替换修改字符串】***
- 要附加或修改一个字符传,可以使用&命令。&在查找出来的关键字前面加上自己的字符串
- 格式为: s/nurse/"Hello"&/p
- 举例:
- # sed -n 's/nurse/"Hello" &/p' file
- The local "Hello" nurse Miss P.Neave was in attendance.
- ***【将sed结果写入另一个文件】***
- 格式: [2,n] w filename
- 举例:
- # sed '1,2 w filedt' file (将1,2行输出到文件filedt中)
- The honeysuckle band played all night long for only $90.
- It was an evening of splendid music and company.
- Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.
- The local nurse Miss P.Neave was in attendance.
- # cat filedt
- The honeysuckle band played all night long for only $90.
- It was an evening of splendid music and company.
- # sed '/Neave/ w dht' file (将关键字Neave所在行写入到文件dht中)
- The honeysuckle band played all night long for only $90.
- It was an evening of splendid music and company.
- Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.
- The local nurse Miss P.Neave was in attendance.
- # cat dht
- The local nurse Miss P.Neave was in attendance.
- ***【从文件中读文本】***
- sed允许从另一个文件中读文本,并将其文本附加在当前文件,此命令放在匹配行后面
- 举例:
- # echo "Boom boom went to the music." > sedex.txt
- # sed '/company/r sedex.txt' file (将文件sedex.txt的内容加到company行后)
- The honeysuckle band played all night long for only $90.
- It was an evening of splendid music and company.
- Boom boom went to the music.
- Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.
- The local nurse Miss P.Neave was in attendance.
- ***【匹配后退出】***
- 举例:查询/.a.*/,
- # sed '/a/q' file (在第一行就查到了a关键字,退出)
- The honeysuckle band played all night long for only $90.
- # sed '/m/q' file (在第二行查询到m关键字,退出)
- The honeysuckle band played all night long for only $90.
- It was an evening of splendid music and company.
- ***【处理字符实例--处理控制字符】***
- # vim dos.txt
- 12332##DISO##45.12^M
- 00332##LPSO##23.11^M
- 01299###USPD###34.46^M
- a、用一个空格替换掉##
- b、删除起始域中最前面的0
- c、删除行尾控制字符
- # sed 's/##*/ /g' dos.txt (替换##为空格)
- 12332 DISO 45.12^M
- 00332 LPSO 23.11^M
- 01299 USPD 34.46^M
- # sed 's/^0*//g' dos.txt (将0替换掉)
- 12332##DISO##45.12^M
- 332##LPSO##23.11^M
- 1299###USPD###34.46^M
- # sed 's/\^M//g' dos.txt (将^M替换掉)
- 12332##DISO##45.12
- 00332##LPSO##23.11
- 01299###USPD###34.46
- ***【处理字符实例--处理报文输出】***
- # vim sql.txt
- Database Size(MB) Date Created
- --------------------------------------------
- GOSOUTH 2244 12/11/97
- TRISUD 5632 8/9/99
- (2 rows affected)
- 处理数据使得到下面的数据:
- GOSOUTH
- TRISUD
- 解决思路:
- a、使用s/-*//g 删除横线------
- b、使用/^$/d 删除空行
- c、使用$d 删除最后一行
- d、使用1d删除第一行
- e、使用awk{print $1}打印第一行
- # cat sql.txt | sed 's/-*//g' | sed '/^$/d' | sed '1d' | sed '$d' | awk '{print $1}'
- GOSOUTH
- TRISUD
- ***【处理字符实例--去除行首数字】***
- # vim UNH.txt
- 12345UND SPLLFC 234344
- 9999999UND SKKLT 3423
- 1UND SPLLY 434
- # sed 's/^[0-9]*//g' UNH.txt
- UND SPLLFC 234344
- UND SKKLT 3423
- UND SPLLY 434
- ***【处理字符实例--附加文本Passed】***
- # vim ok.txt
- AC456
- AC492169
- AC9967
- AC88345
- # sed 's/[0-9][0-9]*/& Passed/g' ok.txt (&与Passed的位置关系决定了Passed的放在前还是后,这里是放在后面)
- AC456 Passed
- AC492169 Passed
- AC9967 Passed
- AC88345 Passed
- ***【处理字符实例--从shell向sed传值及从sed输出中设置shell变量】***
- # name="It's a go situation"
- # replace=nice
- # echo $name |sed "s/go/$replace/g" (注意双引号)
- It's a nice situation
- # new_name=`echo $name |sed "s/go/$replace/g"`
- # echo $new_name
- It's a nice situation
- ***【快速一行命令集】***
- 's/\.$//g' 删除句尾的点
- '-e /abcd/d' 删除包含abcd的行
- 's/ */ /g' 删除一个以上的空格,用一个空格代替
- 's/^ *//g' 删除行首空格
- 's/\. */ /g' 删除句点后跟两个或更多的空格,用一个空格代替
- 's/^$/d' 删除空行
- 's/^.//g' 删除行首字符
- 's/COL\(...\)//g' 删除紧跟COL后的三个字母
- 's/^\///g' 删除全文的/
- 's/^\///' 删除全文每一行出现的第一个/
- 's/ / //g'
- 实例:
- 1、删除路径名第一个/符号
- # echo $PWD | sed 's/^\///'
- root/Desktop
- 2、追加/插入文本
- # echo "Mr Willis" | sed 's/Mr/& Bruce/g'
- Mr Bruce Willis
- 3、删除首字符
- # echo "accounts.doc" |sed 's/^.//'
- ccounts.doc
- 4、删除文件扩展名
- # echo "accounts.doc" |sed 's/\..*//g'
- accounts
- 5、增加文件扩展名
- # echo accounts | sed 's/$/&.doc/'
- accounts.doc
- 6、替换字符系列(+变为of,%换为located)
- # x="Department+payroll%Building G"
- # echo $x |sed 's/+/ of /g' |sed 's/%/ located /g'
- Department of payroll located Building G
- (RHEL6成功 +和%不算是特殊字符吗?)
2012-3-21练习笔记
转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/linuxkeep/812712