在线热备份有免费开源的,也收费的产品,在这里我们值讨论免费的产品,支持热备的的软件mysqlLVM以及接下来的这款 Xtrabackup;Xtrabackup是由percona开发的一个开源软件,它是innodb热备工具ibbackup(收费的商业软件)的一个 开源替代品。Xtrabackup由个部分组成:xtrabackup和innobackupex,其中xtrabackup工具用于备份innodb和 xtraDB引擎的表;而innobackupex工具用于备份myisam和innodb引擎的表,本文将介绍如何用innobackupex工具做全 量和增量备份。
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注意:innobackupex 增量备份仅针对InnoDB这类支持事务的引擎,对于MyISAM等引擎,则仍然是全备。
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<br data-filtered=
"filtered"
>
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一、安装解压
1.安装数据库
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官网:http:
//www.percona.com
下载地址:http:
//www.percona.com/redir/downloads/XtraBackup/XtraBackup-2.0.8/binary/Linux/x86_64/percona-xtrabackup-2.0.8-587.tar.gz
yum -y install mysql mysql-libs mysql-server MySQL-python
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2.创建数据库
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create database dotatest;
mysql -uroot -p dotatest > zhan_data.sql
python mysql_update.py --host localhost --user root --passwd
""
--db dotatest
use
dotatest;
show tables;
desc item;
insert into item (player, item, count) values (
1
,
1
,
1
); 插入一条数据
insert into item (player, item, count) values (
2
,
2
,
2
);
select * from item;
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3.安装依赖包(如果安装新版本需要安装)
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yum install cmake gcc gcc-c++ libaio libaio-devel automake autoconf bzr bison libtool ncurses-devel zlib-devel libgcrypt libgcrypt-devel perl-Time-HiRes
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4.解压安装
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[root@localhost home]# tar xf percona-xtrabackup-
2.0
.
8
-
587
.tar.gz
[root@localhost home]# mysql --version
mysql Ver
14.14
Distrib
5.1
.
61
,
for
redhat-linux-gnu (x86_64) using readline
5.1
[root@localhost percona-xtrabackup-
2.0
.
8
]# pwd
/home/percona-xtrabackup-
2.0
.
8
[root@localhost percona-xtrabackup-
2.0
.
8
]# cp bin/
innobackupex xbstream xtrabackup_51 xtrabackup_56
innobackupex-
1.5
.
1
xtrabackup xtrabackup_55
[root@localhost percona-xtrabackup-
2.0
.
8
]# cp bin/innobackupex /usr/bin/
[root@localhost percona-xtrabackup-
2.0
.
8
]# cp bin/xtrabackup* /usr/bin/
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二、常规备份文件以及对单个数据库备份
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备份全部数据库
[root@localhost /]# mkdir /home/data/backup/
[root@localhost /]# innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=root /home/data/backup/
--defaults-file 指定mysql的配置文件
--user 指定用户
/home/data/backup/ 备份文件的路径
需要注意的是 如果不指定--defaults-file 默认会读取/etc/my.cnf。如果你的配置文件是自定义的,那么一定要指定目录,然后会在目录下创建一个时间戳的目录(我们本次创建的/home/data/backup/
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)
查看备份是否成功
[root@localhost /]# cd /home/data/backup/
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/
[root@localhost
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]# pwd
/home/data/backup/
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[root@localhost
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]# ls
backup-my.cnf ibdata1 test xtrabackup_binlog_info xtrabackup_logfile
dotatest mysql xtrabackup_binary xtrabackup_checkpoints zabbix
[root@localhost
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]#
只针对一个数据库备份
--database 是指定需要备份的数据库
[root@localhost ~]# innobackupex --user=root --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --database=dotatest /home/data/backup/
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三、常规恢复数据库
恢复之前先停止数据库,并且要删除数据和日志文件
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01
.首先停止数据库
[root@localhost
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]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld stop
Stopping mysqld: [ OK ]
[root@localhost
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-11_16-
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-
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]#
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02
.备份删除mysql文件
[root@localhost lib]# cp -a mysql/ mysql.bak
[root@localhost lib]# ls
alternatives dav dhclient games misc mysql nfs plymouth postfix random-seed rpm stateles
authconfig dbus fprint logrotate.status mlocate mysql.bak ntp polkit-
1
prelink readahead rsyslog udev
[root@localhost lib]# cd mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# ls
dotatest ibdata1 ib_logfile0 ib_logfile1 mysql test zabbix
[root@localhost mysql]# rm -rf *
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03.来恢复文件
恢复文件分两步,
第1步是apply-log,为了加快速度,一般建议设置--use-memory,这个步骤完成之后,目录/backup/mysql/data/2013-10-29_09-05-25下的备份文件已经准备就绪。
因为我们的文件比较少,因此我们不需要设置--user-memory产数文件
第2步是copy-back,即把备份文件拷贝至原数据目录下。
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[root@localhost mysql]# innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=root --apply-log /home/data/backup/
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/
[root@localhost mysql]# innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=root --copy-back /home/data/backup/
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/
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04.修改权限 启动服务
[root@localhost lib]# chown mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql/ -R
[root@localhost lib]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start
Starting mysqld: [ OK ]
[root@localhost lib]#
四、配置增量备份
增量备份及其恢复
注意:innobackupex 增量备份仅针对InnoDB这类支持事务的引擎,对于MyISAM等引擎,则仍然是全备。
01.首先在数据库插入一条数据
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mysql>
use
dotatest;
Reading table information
for
completion of table and column names
You can turn off
this
feature to
get
a quicker startup
with
-A
Database changed
mysql> select * from item;
+----+--------+------+-------+
| id | player | item | count |
+----+--------+------+-------+
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
2
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+----+--------+------+-------+
2
rows
in
set
(
0.00
sec)
mysql> insert into item (player, item, count) values (
3
,
3
,
3
);
Query OK,
1
row affected (
0.00
sec)
mysql> select * from item;
+----+--------+------+-------+
| id | player | item | count |
+----+--------+------+-------+
|
1
|
1
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1
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1
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2
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2
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2
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2
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3
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3
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3
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+----+--------+------+-------+
3
rows
in
set
(
0.00
sec)
mysql>
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02.增量备份是基于一个数据库的全部备份文件的,在刚才我们备份了一个全备份,我们现在的增量备份就基于刚才的全部备份来做(2014-03-11_16-52-44)
需要注意如下两个参数:
--incremental-basedir指向全备目录;
--incremental指向增量备份的目录;
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[root@localhost backup]# innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=root --incremental-basedir=/home/data/backup/
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/ --incremental /home/data/backup/
……略……
innobackupex: Backup created
in
directory
'/home/data/backup/2014-03-11_17-33-57'
innobackupex: MySQL binlog position: filename
''
, position
140311
17
:
34
:
16
innobackupex: completed OK!
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03.查看是否有备份文件,最新的配置文件就是我们刚才的增量备份文件
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[root@localhost backup]# pwd
/home/data/backup
[root@localhost backup]# ls
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[root@localhost backup]#
在如下的文件中我们可以发现增量备份的文件from_lsn刚好等于全部备份的to_lsn
[root@localhost
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]# cat xtrabackup_checkpoints 增量备份文件
backup_type = incremental (增量备份)
from_lsn =
657645
to_lsn =
659090
last_lsn =
659090
[root@localhost
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]# cat ../
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/xtrabackup_checkpoints 全局备份
backup_type = full-prepared(全备)
from_lsn =
0
to_lsn =
657645
last_lsn =
657645
[root@localhost
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-
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]#
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五、在增量备份的基础上再做增量备份
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在备份之前我们在item表中再插入数据
mysql> insert into item (player, item, count) values (
4
,
4
,
4
);
Query OK,
1
row affected (
0.03
sec)
mysql> select * from item;
+----+--------+------+-------+
| id | player | item | count |
+----+--------+------+-------+
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
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2
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2
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+----+--------+------+-------+
4
rows
in
set
(
0.00
sec)
mysql>
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在增量备份的基础上再做增量备份,我们需要添加如下参数
--incremental-basedir执行上一次增量备份的目录
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如下备份:
[root@localhost
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]# innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=root --incremental-basedir=/home/data/backup/
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/ --incremental /home/data/backup/
………中间部分略………
innobackupex: Backup created
in
directory
'/home/data/backup/2014-03-11_18-03-54'
innobackupex: MySQL binlog position: filename
''
, position
140311
18
:
04
:
13
innobackupex: completed OK!
innobackupex: Backup created
in
directory
'/home/data/backup/2014-03-11_18-10-13'
innobackupex: MySQL binlog position: filename
''
, position
140311
18
:
10
:
31
innobackupex: completed OK!
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然后来查看lsn号来:
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[root@localhost
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]# cat xtrabackup_checkpoints
backup_type = incremental
from_lsn =
659090
to_lsn =
659214
last_lsn =
659090
[root@localhost
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]# cat ../
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/
backup-my.cnf ibdata1.meta xtrabackup_binary xtrabackup_logfile
dotatest/ mysql/ xtrabackup_binlog_info zabbix/
ibdata1.delta test/ xtrabackup_checkpoints
[root@localhost
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]# cat ../
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/xtrabackup_checkpoints
backup_type = incremental
from_lsn =
657645
to_lsn =
659090
last_lsn =
659090
[root@localhost
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-11_18-
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]#
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六、恢复增量数据库
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停止数据库
[root@localhost backup]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld stop
Stopping mysqld: [ OK ]
[root@localhost backup]#
备份数据库
[root@localhost lib]# mv mysql mysql.bak.
2
[root@localhost lib]# pwd
/
var
/lib
[root@localhost lib]#
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这个恢复比恢复全部备份稍微复杂点,接下来我们来恢复,如果有多个增量备份,需要叠加就可以
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innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only BASE-DIR BASE-DIR指完整的全部备份目录
innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only BASE-DIR --incremental-dir=INCREMENTAL-DIR-
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INCREMENTAL-DIR-
1
指第一次增量备份的目录
innobackupex --apply-log BASE-DIR --incremental-dir=INCREMENTAL-DIR-
2
BASE-DIR指完整的全部备份目录 INCREMENTAL-DIR-
2
第二次增量备份的目录
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01.在我们的环境中我们来执行如下操作,因为我们只有两次的增量备份如下即可:
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innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only /home/data/backup/
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innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only /home/data/backup/
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--incremental-dir=/home/data/backup/
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innobackupex --apply-log /home/data/backup/
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/ --incremental-dir=/home/data/backup/
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/
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02.回滚未完成的日志(需要注意的是恢复的时候,我们只恢复全备份文件就可以了)
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innobackupex --apply-log /home/data/backup/
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/
innobackupex --copy-back /home/data/backup/
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/
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03.授权启动
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[root@localhost lib]# chown mysql:mysql /
var
/lib/mysql -R
[root@localhost lib]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start
Starting mysqld: [ OK ]
[root@localhost lib]#
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04.检查备份是否回来
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mysql>
use
dotatest;
Reading table information
for
completion of table and column names
You can turn off
this
feature to
get
a quicker startup
with
-A
Database changed
mysql> select * from item;
+----+--------+------+-------+
| id | player | item | count |
+----+--------+------+-------+
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
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2
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2
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3
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3
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4
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4
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4
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4
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+----+--------+------+-------+
4
rows
in
set
(
0.00
sec)
mysql>
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