使用innobackupex在线备份及恢复mysql数据库

最新推荐文章于 2024-01-10 04:30:00 发布

抱抱熊

最新推荐文章于 2024-01-10 04:30:00 发布

阅读量1.2k

点赞数 1

分类专栏： linux运维文章标签： mysql 备份 xtrabackup

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/xizaihui/article/details/53053085

版权

linux运维专栏收录该内容

31 篇文章 0 订阅

订阅专栏

一、安装解压

1.安装数据库
官网：http://www.percona.com
下载地址：http://www.percona.com/redir/downloads/XtraBackup/XtraBackup-2.0.8/binary/Linux/x86_64/percona-xtrabackup-2.0.8-587.tar.gz

# yum -y install mysql mysql-libs mysql-server MySQL-python

2.创建数据库

create database dotatest;
mysql -uroot -p dotatest > zhan_data.sql
python mysql_update.py –host localhost –user root –passwd “” –db dotatest
use dotatest;
show tables;
desc item;
insert into item (player, item, count) values (1, 1, 1 ); 插入一条数据
insert into item (player, item, count) values (2, 2, 2 );
select * from item;

3.安装依赖包

   #  yum install cmake gcc gcc-c++ libaio libaio-devel automake autoconf bzr bison libtool ncurses-devel zlib-devel libgcrypt libgcrypt-devel perl-Time-HiRes

4.解压安装

    [root@localhost home]# tar xf percona-xtrabackup-2.0.8-587.tar.gz   
    [root@localhost home]# mysql --version   
    mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.1.61, for redhat-linux-gnu (x86_64) using readline 5.1  
    [root@localhost percona-xtrabackup-2.0.8]# pwd  
    /home/percona-xtrabackup-2.0.8  
    [root@localhost percona-xtrabackup-2.0.8]# cp bin/  
    innobackupex        xbstream            xtrabackup_51       xtrabackup_56       
    innobackupex-1.5.1  xtrabackup          xtrabackup_55       
    [root@localhost percona-xtrabackup-2.0.8]# cp bin/innobackupex /usr/bin/  
    [root@localhost percona-xtrabackup-2.0.8]# cp bin/xtrabackup* /usr/bin/

二、常规备份文件以及对单个数据库备份

备份全部数据库

 [root@localhost /]# mkdir /home/data/backup/  
 [root@localhost /]# innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=root  /home/data/backup/

    --defaults-file 指定mysql的配置文件  
    --user 指定用户  
    /home/data/backup/ 备份文件的路径  
需要注意的是 如果不指定--defaults-file 默认会读取/etc/my.cnf。如果你的配置文件是自定义的,那么一定要指定目录,然后会在目录下创建一个时间戳的目录(我们本次创建的/home/data/backup/2014-03-11_11-08-23)

查看备份是否成功

    [root@localhost /]# cd /home/data/backup/2014-03-11_11-08-23/  
    [root@localhost 2014-03-11_11-08-23]# pwd  
    /home/data/backup/2014-03-11_11-08-23 
    [root@localhost 2014-03-11_11-08-23]# ls  
    backup-my.cnf  ibdata1  test               xtrabackup_binlog_info   xtrabackup_logfile
    dotatest       mysql    xtrabackup_binary  xtrabackup_checkpoints  zabbix 
    [root@localhost 2014-03-11_11-08-23]#

只针对一个数据库备份
–database 是指定需要备份的数据库

 [root@localhost ~]# innobackupex --user=root  --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --database=dotatest  /home/data/backup/

三、常规恢复数据库

恢复之前先停止数据库,并且要删除数据和日志文件
系统环境：

    [root@localhost lib]# cat /etc/redhat-release   
    CentOS release 6.3 (Final)
    [root@localhost lib]# uname -a  
    Linux localhost.localdomain 2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Fri Jun 22 12:19:21 UTC 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux  
    [root@localhost lib]# uname -r  
    2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64
    [root@localhost lib]# 

    01.首先停止数据库
        [root@localhost 2014-03-11_16-52-44]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld stop  
        Stopping mysqld:                                           [  OK  ]
        [root@localhost 2014-03-11_16-52-44]# 
    02.备份删除mysql文件
        [root@localhost lib]# cp -a mysql/ mysql.bak  
        [root@localhost lib]# ls  
        alternatives  dav   dhclient  games             misc     mysql      nfs  plymouth  postfix  random-seed  rpm      stateles
        authconfig    dbus  fprint    logrotate.status  mlocate  mysql.bak  ntp  polkit-1  prelink  readahead    rsyslog  udev
        [root@localhost lib]# cd mysql  
        [root@localhost mysql]# ls  
        dotatest  ibdata1  ib_logfile0  ib_logfile1  mysql  test  zabbix
        [root@localhost mysql]# rm -rf *

03.来恢复文件
    恢复文件分两步，  
        第1步是apply-log，为了加快速度，一般建议设置--use-memory，这个步骤完成之后，目录/backup/mysql/data/2013-10-29_09-05-25下的备份文件已经准备就绪。  
    因为我们的文件比较少,因此我们不需要设置--user-memory产数文件  
        第2步是copy-back，即把备份文件拷贝至原数据目录下，--ibbackup xtrabackup_56作用是指定与本地安装的mysql版本对应的xtrabackup

      [root@localhost mysql]# innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=root  --apply-log /home/data/backup/2014-03-11_16-52-44/ --ibbackup xtrabackup_56
                [root@localhost mysql]# innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=root --copy-back /home/data/backup/2014-03-11_16-52-44/ --ibbackup xtrabackup_56

    04.修改权限 启动服务
        [root@localhost lib]# chown mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql/ -R  
        [root@localhost lib]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start  
        Starting mysqld:                                           [  OK  ]
        [root@localhost lib]#

四、配置增量备份

增量备份及其恢复
注意：innobackupex 增量备份仅针对InnoDB这类支持事务的引擎，对于MyISAM等引擎，则仍然是全备。
01.首先到数据库中插入一条数据

      mysql> use dotatest;  
        Reading table information for completion of table and column names  
        You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A  

        Database changed
        mysql> select * from item;  
        +----+--------+------+-------+
        | id | player | item | count |
        +----+--------+------+-------+
        |  1 |      1 |    1 |     1 |
        |  2 |      2 |    2 |     2 |
        +----+--------+------+-------+
        2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

        mysql> insert into item (player, item, count) values (3, 3, 3 );  
        Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

        mysql> select * from item;  
        +----+--------+------+-------+
        | id | player | item | count |
        +----+--------+------+-------+
        |  1 |      1 |    1 |     1 |
        |  2 |      2 |    2 |     2 |
        |  3 |      3 |    3 |     3 |
        +----+--------+------+-------+
        3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

        mysql>

02.增量备份是基于一个数据库的全部备份文件的，在刚才我们备份了一个全备份，我们现在的增量备份就基于刚才的全部备份来做(2014-03-11_16-52-44)  
需要注意如下两个参数：  
    --incremental-basedir指向全备目录;  
    --incremental指向增量备份的目录;  
如下增量备份：

     [root@localhost backup]# innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=root --incremental-basedir=/home/data/backup/2014-03-11_16-52-44/ --incremental /home/data/backup/  
        ……略……
        innobackupex: Backup created in directory '/home/data/backup/2014-03-11_17-33-57'
        innobackupex: MySQL binlog position: filename '', position 
        140311 17:34:16  innobackupex: completed OK!  
    03.查看是否有备份文件,最新的配置文件就是我们刚才的增量备份文件  
        [root@localhost backup]# pwd  
        /home/data/backup  
        [root@localhost backup]# ls  
        2014-03-11_16-52-44  2014-03-11_17-33-57 
        [root@localhost backup]#

在如下的文件中我们可以发现增量备份的文件from_lsn刚好等于全部备份的to_lsn

 [root@localhost 2014-03-11_17-33-57]# cat xtrabackup_checkpoints     增量备份文件  
    backup_type = incremental  
    from_lsn = 657645
    to_lsn = 659090
    last_lsn = 659090     
    [root@localhost 2014-03-11_17-33-57]# cat ../2014-03-11_16-52-44/  xtrabackup_checkpoints     全局备份  
    backup_type = full-prepared
    from_lsn = 0
    to_lsn = 657645
    last_lsn = 657645
    [root@localhost 2014-03-11_17-33-57]# 
######五、在增量备份的基础上再做增量备份
    在备份之前我们在item表中再插入数据  
    mysql> insert into item (player, item, count) values (4, 4, 4 );  
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)  
    mysql> select * from item;  
    +----+--------+------+-------+
    | id | player | item | count |
    +----+--------+------+-------+
    |  1 |      1 |    1 |     1 |
    |  2 |      2 |    2 |     2 |
    |  3 |      3 |    3 |     3 |
    |  4 |      4 |    4 |     4 |
    +----+--------+------+-------+
    4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

    mysql>

在增量备份的基础上再做增量备份，我们需要添加如下参数
–incremental-basedir 执行上一次增量备份的目录
如下备份：

  [root@localhost 2014-03-11_17-33-57]# innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=root --incremental-basedir=/home/data/backup/2014-03-11_17-33-57/ --incremental /home/data/backup/    
    ………中间部分略………
innobackupex: Backup created in directory '/home/data/backup/2014-03-11_18-03-54'
innobackupex: MySQL binlog position: filename '', position 
140311 18:04:13  innobackupex: completed OK!  

innobackupex: Backup created in directory '/home/data/backup/2014-03-11_18-10-13'
innobackupex: MySQL binlog position: filename '', position 
140311 18:10:31  innobackupex: completed OK!  
然后来查看lsn号来：  
[root@localhost 2014-03-11_18-10-13]# cat xtrabackup_checkpoints   
backup_type = incremental
from_lsn = 659090
to_lsn = 659214
last_lsn = 659090
[root@localhost 2014-03-11_18-10-13]# cat ../2014-03-11_17-33-57/  
backup-my.cnf           ibdata1.meta            xtrabackup_binary       xtrabackup_logfile      
dotatest/               mysql/                  xtrabackup_binlog_info  zabbix/                 
ibdata1.delta           test/                   xtrabackup_checkpoints  
[root@localhost 2014-03-11_18-10-13]# cat ../2014-03-11_17-33-57/  xtrabackup_checkpoints 
backup_type = incremental
from_lsn = 657645
to_lsn = 659090
last_lsn = 659090
[root@localhost 2014-03-11_18-10-13]#

六、恢复增量数据库

停止数据库

[root@localhost backup]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld stop
Stopping mysqld: [ OK ]
[root@localhost backup]#
备份数据库
[root@localhost lib]# mv mysql mysql.bak.2
[root@localhost lib]# pwd
/var/lib
[root@localhost lib]#

这个恢复比恢复全部备份稍微复杂点,接下来我们来恢复

   innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only BASE-DIR    BASE-DIR指完整的全部备份目录  
   innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only BASE-DIR --incremental-dir=INCREMENTAL-DIR-1              INCREMENTAL-DIR-1指第一次增量备份的目录  
    innobackupex --apply-log BASE-DIR --incremental-dir=INCREMENTAL-DIR-2                            BASE-DIR指

完整的全部备份目录 INCREMENTAL-DIR-2第二次增量备份的目录

01.在我们的环境中我们来执行如下操作,因为我们只有两次的增量备份如下即可：

 innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only /home/data/backup/2014-03-11_16-52-44/  
 innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only /home/data/backup/2014-03-11_16-52-44 --incremental-dir=/home/data/backup/2014-03-11_17-33-57/  
 innobackupex --apply-log /home/data/backup/2014-03-11_16-52-44/ --incremental-dir=/home/data/backup/2014-03-11_18-10-13/

02.回滚未完成的日志(需要注意的是恢复的时候,我们只恢复全备份文件就可以了)

  innobackupex --apply-log /home/data/backup/2014-03-11_16-52-44/  
  innobackupex --copy-back /home/data/backup/2014-03-11_16-52-44/

03.授权启动

 [root@localhost lib]# chown mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql -R
 [root@localhost lib]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start
    Starting mysqld:                                           [  OK  ]
 [root@localhost lib]#

04.检查备份是否回来

  mysql> use dotatest;
    Reading table information for completion of table and column names
    You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

    Database changed
    mysql> select * from item;
    +----+--------+------+-------+
    | id | player | item | count |
    +----+--------+------+-------+
    |  1 |      1 |    1 |     1 |
    |  2 |      2 |    2 |     2 |
    |  3 |      3 |    3 |     3 |
    |  4 |      4 |    4 |     4 |
    +----+--------+------+-------+
    4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

    mysql>

注意：

    mkdir /var/lib/mysql

避免如下报错

 Original data directory '/var/lib/mysql' does not exist! at /usr/bin/innobackupex line 586

抱抱熊

关注

1
点赞
踩
0

收藏

觉得还不错? 一键收藏
0
评论
使用innobackupex在线备份及恢复mysql数据库

一、安装解压1.安装数据库官网：http://www.percona.com 下载地址：http://www.percona.com/redir/downloads/XtraBackup/XtraBackup-2.0.8/binary/Linux/x86_64/percona-xtrabackup-2.0.8-587.tar.gz# yum -y install mysql mysql-lib
复制链接

扫一扫