异常捕获 Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler

setUncaughtExceptionHandler

public void setUncaughtExceptionHandler(Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler eh)

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public void setUncaughtExceptionHandler(Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler eh)

设置该线程 由于未捕获到异常而突然终止时调用的处理程序。

通过明确设置 未捕获到的异常处理程序，线程可以完全控制它 对未捕获到的异常作出响应的方式。 

如果没有设置这样的处理程序，则该线程的 ThreadGroup 对象将充当其处理程序。

public Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler getUncaughtExceptionHandler()

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public Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler getUncaughtExceptionHandler()

返回该线程由于未捕获到异常而突然终止时调用的处理程序。

如果该线程尚未明确设置未捕获到的异常处理程序，则返回该线程的 ThreadGroup 对象，除非该线程已经 终止，在这种情况下，将返回 null。

setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler

public static void setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler(Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler eh)

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public static void setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler(Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler eh)

设置当线程由于未捕获到异常而突然终止， 并且没有为该线程定义其他处理程序时所调用的默认处理程序。

未捕获到的异常处理 首先由线程控制，然后由线程的 ThreadGroup 对象控制，最后由未捕获到的 默认异常处理程序控制。

如果线程不设置明确的未捕获到的异常处理程序，并且该线程的 线程组（包括父线程组）未特别指定其 uncaughtException 方法，则将调用 默认处理程序的 uncaughtException 方法。

通过设置未捕获到的默认异常处理程序，应用程序可以 为那些已经接受系统提供的任何“默认”行为的线程改变未捕获到的异常处理方式（如记录到某一特定设备或文件）。

请注意，未捕获到的默认异常处理程序通常 不应顺从该线程的 ThreadGroup 对象，因为这可能导致无限递归。

public static Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler getDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler()

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public static Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler getDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler()

返回线程由于未捕获到异常而突然终止时调用的默认处理程序。如果返回值为 null，则没有默认处理程序。

Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler

public static interface Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler

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public static interface Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler

所有已知实现类： ThreadGroup

当 Thread 因未捕获的异常而突然终止时，调用处理程序的接口。

当某一线程因未捕获的异常而即将终止时，Java 虚拟机将使用 Thread.getUncaughtExceptionHandler() 查询该线程以获得其 UncaughtExceptionHandler 的线程，并调用处理程序的 uncaughtException 方法，将 线程和异常作为参数传递。

如果某一线程没有明确设置其 UncaughtExceptionHandler，则将它的 ThreadGroup 对象作为其 UncaughtExceptionHandler。如果 ThreadGroup 对象对处理异常没有什么特殊要求，那么它可以将调用转发给默认的未捕获异常处理程序。

void uncaughtException(Thread t, Throwable e) 

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void uncaughtException(Thread t, Throwable e) 

当给定线程因给定的未捕获异常而终止时，调用该方法。

Java 虚拟机将忽略该方法抛出的任何异常。

JAVA 测试案例

public class Test {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler();
		test();
	}

	private static void test() {
		new Thread(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				System.out.println("子线程异常前");
				System.out.println(1 / 0);
			}
		}).start();
		System.out.println("当前线程异常前");
		System.out.println(1 / 0);
		System.out.println("异常后的代码不能执行了");
	}

	private static void setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler() {
		UncaughtExceptionHandler currentHandler = new UncaughtExceptionHandler() {
			@Override
			public void uncaughtException(Thread t, Throwable e) {
				System.out.println("【当前线程的Handler处理异常信息】" + t.toString() + "\n" + e.getMessage());
			}
		};
		UncaughtExceptionHandler defaultHandler = new UncaughtExceptionHandler() {
			@Override
			public void uncaughtException(Thread t, Throwable e) {
				StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
				PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(writer);
				printWriter.write("start------------\n");
				e.printStackTrace(printWriter);
				printWriter.write("------------end");
				printWriter.close();
				System.out.println("【默认的Handler处理异常信息】" + writer.getBuffer().toString());
			}
		};
		Thread.currentThread().setUncaughtExceptionHandler(currentHandler);
		Thread.setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler(defaultHandler);
	}
}

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public class Test {

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    public static void main(String[] args) {

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        setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler();

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        test();

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    }

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    private static void test() {

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        new Thread(new Runnable() {

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            @Override

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            public void run() {

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                System.out.println("子线程异常前");

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                System.out.println(1 / 0);

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            }

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        }).start();

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        System.out.println("当前线程异常前");

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        System.out.println(1 / 0);

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        System.out.println("异常后的代码不能执行了");

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    }

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    private static void setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler() {

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        UncaughtExceptionHandler currentHandler = new UncaughtExceptionHandler() {

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            @Override

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            public void uncaughtException(Thread t, Throwable e) {

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                System.out.println("【当前线程的Handler处理异常信息】" + t.toString() + "\n" + e.getMessage());

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            }

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        };

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        UncaughtExceptionHandler defaultHandler = new UncaughtExceptionHandler() {

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            @Override

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            public void uncaughtException(Thread t, Throwable e) {

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                StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();

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                PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(writer);

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                printWriter.write("start------------\n");

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                e.printStackTrace(printWriter);

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                printWriter.write("------------end");

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                printWriter.close();

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                System.out.println("【默认的Handler处理异常信息】" + writer.getBuffer().toString());

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            }

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        };

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        Thread.currentThread().setUncaughtExceptionHandler(currentHandler);

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        Thread.setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler(defaultHandler);

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    }

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}

运行结果

子线程异常前
当前线程异常前
【当前线程的Handler处理异常信息】Thread[main,5,main]
/ by zero
【默认的Handler处理异常信息】start------------
java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
	at Test$1.run(Test.java:16)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
------------end

 

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子线程异常前

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当前线程异常前

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【当前线程的Handler处理异常信息】Thread[main,5,main]

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/ by zero

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【默认的Handler处理异常信息】start------------

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java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero

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    at Test$1.run(Test.java:16)

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    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

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------------end

Android 中的一个实用案例

异常处理类

/**
 * Desc：采集崩溃日志
 *
 * @author <a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/baiqiantao">白乾涛</a><p>
 * @tag 崩溃日志<p>
 * @date 2018/5/2 14:12 <p>
 */
public class CrashHandler implements Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler {
	private static final String LOG_PATH = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath() + "/crashLog/";
	private Application application;
	
	private static CrashHandler instance = new CrashHandler();
	
	private CrashHandler() {//构造方法私有
	}
	
	public static CrashHandler getInstance() {
		return instance;
	}
	
	public void init(Application application) {
		this.application = application;
		Thread.setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler(instance);//设置该CrashHandler为系统默认的
	}
	
	@Override
	public void uncaughtException(Thread thread, Throwable ex) {
		saveInfoToFile(collectCrashInfo(ex));//保存错误信息
		new Thread() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				Looper.prepare();
				Toast.makeText(application, "程序开小差了，将会在2秒后退出", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();//使用Toast来显示异常信息
				Looper.loop();
			}
		}.start();
		SystemClock.sleep(2000);//延迟2秒杀进程
		android.os.Process.killProcess(android.os.Process.myPid());
		System.exit(0);
	}
	
	private String collectCrashInfo(Throwable ex) {
		if (ex == null) return "";
		
		Writer writer = new StringWriter();
		PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(writer);
		ex.printStackTrace(printWriter);
		Throwable throwable = ex.getCause();
		while (throwable != null) {
			throwable.printStackTrace(printWriter);
			throwable = throwable.getCause();//逐级获取错误信息
		}
		String crashInfo = writer.toString();
		Log.i("bqt", "【错误信息】" + crashInfo);
		printWriter.close();
		return crashInfo;
	}
	
	private void saveInfoToFile(String crashInfo) {
		try {
			File dir = new File(LOG_PATH);
			if (!dir.exists()) {
				dir.mkdirs();
			}
			String date = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy.MM.dd_HH_mm_ss", Locale.getDefault()).format(new Date());
			String fileName = LOG_PATH + "crash_" + date + ".txt";
			FileWriter writer = new FileWriter(fileName);//如果保存失败，很可能是没有写SD卡权限
			writer.write(crashInfo);
			writer.close();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

//如果保存失败，很可能是没有写SD卡权限

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/**

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 * Desc：采集崩溃日志

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 *

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 * @author <a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/baiqiantao">白乾涛</a><p>

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 * @tag 崩溃日志<p>

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 * @date 2018/5/2 14:12 <p>

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 */

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public class CrashHandler implements Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler {

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    private static final String LOG_PATH = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath() + "/crashLog/";

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    private Application application;

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    private static CrashHandler instance = new CrashHandler();

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    private CrashHandler() {//构造方法私有

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    }

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    public static CrashHandler getInstance() {

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        return instance;

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    }

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    public void init(Application application) {

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        this.application = application;

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        Thread.setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler(instance);//设置该CrashHandler为系统默认的

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    }

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    @Override

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    public void uncaughtException(Thread thread, Throwable ex) {

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        saveInfoToFile(collectCrashInfo(ex));//保存错误信息

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        new Thread() {

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            @Override

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            public void run() {

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                Looper.prepare();

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                Toast.makeText(application, "程序开小差了，将会在2秒后退出", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();//使用Toast来显示异常信息

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                Looper.loop();

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            }

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        }.start();

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        SystemClock.sleep(2000);//延迟2秒杀进程

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        android.os.Process.killProcess(android.os.Process.myPid());

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        System.exit(0);

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    }

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    private String collectCrashInfo(Throwable ex) {

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        if (ex == null) return "";

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        Writer writer = new StringWriter();

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        PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(writer);

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        ex.printStackTrace(printWriter);

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        Throwable throwable = ex.getCause();

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        while (throwable != null) {

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            throwable.printStackTrace(printWriter);

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            throwable = throwable.getCause();//逐级获取错误信息

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        }

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        String crashInfo = writer.toString();

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        Log.i("bqt", "【错误信息】" + crashInfo);

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        printWriter.close();

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        return crashInfo;

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    }

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    private void saveInfoToFile(String crashInfo) {

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        try {

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            File dir = new File(LOG_PATH);

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            if (!dir.exists()) {

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                dir.mkdirs();

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            }

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            String date = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy.MM.dd_HH_mm_ss", Locale.getDefault()).format(new Date());

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            String fileName = LOG_PATH + "crash_" + date + ".txt";

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            FileWriter writer = new FileWriter(fileName);//如果保存失败，很可能是没有写SD卡权限

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            writer.write(crashInfo);

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            writer.close();

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        } catch (Exception e) {

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            e.printStackTrace();

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        }

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    }

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}

获取的异常信息

java.lang.NullPointerException: Attempt to invoke virtual method 'int java.lang.String.length()' on a null object reference
        at com.bqt.test.MainActivity.onListItemClick(MainActivity.java:34)
        at android.app.ListActivity$2.onItemClick(ListActivity.java:319)
        at android.widget.AdapterView.performItemClick(AdapterView.java:339)
        at android.widget.AbsListView.performItemClick(AbsListView.java:1705)
        at android.widget.AbsListView$PerformClick.run(AbsListView.java:4171)
        at android.widget.AbsListView$13.run(AbsListView.java:6735)
        at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:751)
        at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:95)
        at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:154)
        at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6682)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
        at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:1534)
        at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:1424)

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java.lang.NullPointerException: Attempt to invoke virtual method 'int java.lang.String.length()' on a null object reference

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        at com.bqt.test.MainActivity.onListItemClick(MainActivity.java:34)

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        at android.app.ListActivity$2.onItemClick(ListActivity.java:319)

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        at android.widget.AdapterView.performItemClick(AdapterView.java:339)

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        at android.widget.AbsListView.performItemClick(AbsListView.java:1705)

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        at android.widget.AbsListView$PerformClick.run(AbsListView.java:4171)

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        at android.widget.AbsListView$13.run(AbsListView.java:6735)

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        at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:751)

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        at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:95)

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        at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:154)

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        at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6682)

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        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)

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        at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:1534)

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        at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:1424)

2018-6-1

来自为知笔记(Wiz)