并发-6-wait、notify、Semaphore、CountDownLatch、CyclicBarrier

wait()、notify()和notifyAll()是Object类中的方法：

  为什么wait()等方法是在Object中而不是Thread中呢？

  同理，wait(),notify()是对等待这个Object(锁)的线程进行阻塞，唤醒等操作的，当然也要放在Object中

  假设，wait(),notify()放在Thead中，那么Thread可能等待很多个锁，操作起来也很复杂

  如果调用某个对象的wait()方法，当前线程必须拥有这个对象的monitor（即锁），因此调用wait()方法必须在同步块或者同步方法中进行（synchronized块或者synchronized方法）

  调用某个对象的wait()方法，相当于让当前线程交出此对象的monitor，然后进入等待状态，等待后续再次获得此对象的锁（Thread类中的sleep方法使当前线程暂停执行一段时间，从而让其他线程有机会继续执行，但它并不释放对象锁）

  同样地，调用某个对象的notify()方法，当前线程也必须拥有这个对象的monitor，因此调用notify()方法必须在同步块或者同步方法中进行（synchronized块或者synchronized方法）

进阶一信号量

  Java 提供了经典信号量（Semaphore）的实现，通过控制一定数量的允许（permit）的方式，来达到限制通用资源访问的目的。   你可以想象一下这个场景，在车站、机场等出租车时，当很多空出租车就位时，为防止过度拥挤，调度员指挥排队，等待坐车的队伍一次进来5个人上车， 等这5个人坐车出发，再放进去下一批 当信号量的大小为1时，与synchronized没有区别

public class SemaphoreTest {
    private static Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(5);

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            new CarWorker(semaphore).start();
        }
    }
}

class CarWorker extends Thread {
    private Semaphore semaphore;

    public CarWorker(Semaphore semaphore) {
        this.semaphore = semaphore;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            out.println(Thread.currentThread() + " waiting permitted");
            semaphore.acquire();
            out.println(Thread.currentThread() + " on car !");
            Thread.sleep(10000);
        } catch (Exception e) {
        } finally {
            out.println(Thread.currentThread() + " release permitted");
            semaphore.release();
        }
    }
}
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进阶-CountDownLatch

  一次性使用的计数器，当CountDownLatch中数值为0时，所有await的线程得到唤醒   特别适合于A线程需要等待B和C线程的结果作为参数的这种场景   

public class CountDownLatchTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(6);
        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
            new FirstBatchPassenger(countDownLatch).start();
        }

        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
            new SecondBatchPassenger(countDownLatch).start();
        }

        while (countDownLatch.getCount() != 1) {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            }
        }
        out.println("MainThread countDown!");
        countDownLatch.countDown();
    }
}

class FirstBatchPassenger extends Thread {
    private CountDownLatch countDownLatch;

    public FirstBatchPassenger(CountDownLatch countDownLatch) {
        this.countDownLatch = countDownLatch;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        out.println("FirstBatchPassenger Executed!");
        countDownLatch.countDown();
    }
}

class SecondBatchPassenger extends Thread {
    private CountDownLatch countDownLatch;

    public SecondBatchPassenger(CountDownLatch countDownLatch) {
        this.countDownLatch = countDownLatch;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            countDownLatch.await();
            out.println("SecondBatchPassenger Executed!");
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        }
    }
}
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输出：

FirstBatchPassenger Executed!
FirstBatchPassenger Executed!
FirstBatchPassenger Executed!
FirstBatchPassenger Executed!
FirstBatchPassenger Executed!
MainThread countDown!
SecondBatchPassenger Executed!
SecondBatchPassenger Executed!
SecondBatchPassenger Executed!
SecondBatchPassenger Executed!
SecondBatchPassenger Executed!
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进阶三-CyclicBarrier

触发屏障，当await自动达到屏障数量时，触发屏障操作。可重复使用！

public class CyclicBarrierTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier = new CyclicBarrier(2, () -> out.println("Action GO!"));
        for (int i = 0; i<6;i++){
            new CyclicBarrierWorker(cyclicBarrier).start();
        }
    }
}

class CyclicBarrierWorker extends Thread {
    private CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier;
    public CyclicBarrierWorker(CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier) {
        this.cyclicBarrier = cyclicBarrier;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        out.println("Executed!");
        try {
            cyclicBarrier.await();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        } catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {
        }
    }
}
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输出：

Executed!
Executed!
Executed!
Action GO!
Executed!
Action GO!
Executed!
Executed!
Action GO!
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