页面加载时间已成为每一个电子商务网站的非常重要的一项指标。而 Magento 是一个资源消耗的大户，如果不使用诸如反向代理和整页缓存机制的话，其性能是非常之差。而使用 nginx + memcached 来创建一个整页缓存是非常简单的。

有言在先：

建议不用使用 Varnish 或者是 Magento 自身的整页缓存机制，本文介绍的方案非常简单，如果你使用其他方法可能会引来更多的麻烦，这些麻烦主要集中在缓存的清除上。

另外一个问题是你需要确认使用指定的 URL 来清除两级缓存中的数据。

下面让我们来看具体的实现方法：

这个配置文件我在 Magento 和 WordPress 都测试过！

001#memcache servers load balanced
002upstream memcached {
003        server     server_ip_1:11211 weight=5 max_fails=3  fail_timeout=30s;
004        server     server_ip_2:11211 weight=3 max_fails=3  fail_timeout=30s;
005        server    server_ip_3:11211;
006    keepalive 1024 single;
007}
008#fastcgi - little load balancer
009upstream phpbackend{
010    server     server_ip_1:9000 weight=5 max_fails=5  fail_timeout=30s;
011        server     server_ip_2:9000 weight=3 max_fails=3  fail_timeout=30s;
012        server    server_ip_3:9000;
013}
014server {
015    listen   80; ## listen for ipv4; this line is default and implied
016    root /var/www/vhosts/kingletas.com/www;
017    server_name kingletas.com;
018    index index.php index.html index.htm;
019 
020    client_body_timeout  1460;
021    client_header_timeout 1460;
022    send_timeout 1460;
023    client_max_body_size 10m;
024    keepalive_timeout 1300;
025 
026    location /app/                { deny all; }
027    location /includes/           { deny all; }
028    location /lib/                { deny all; }
029    location /media/downloadable/ { deny all; }
030    location /pkginfo/            { deny all; }
031    location /report/config.xml   { deny all; }
032    location /var/                { deny all; }
033 
034   location ~* \.(jpg|png|gif|css|js|swf|flv|ico)$ {
035        expires max;
036        tcp_nodelay off;
037        tcp_nopush on;
038    }
039    location / {
040         
041        try_files $uri $uri/ @handler;
042        expires 30d;
043    }
044   location @handler {
045    rewrite / /index.php;
046    }
047 
048    location ~ \.php$ {
049        if (!-e $request_filename) {
050            rewrite / /index.php last;
051        } 
052        expires        off; ## Do not cache dynamic content
053        default_type       text/html; charset utf-8;
054        if ($request_method = GET) { # I know if statements are evil but don't know how else to do this
055            set $memcached_key $request_uri; Catalog request modal
056            memcached_pass     memcached;
057            error_page         404 502 = @cache_miss;
058            add_header x-header-memcached true;
059        }
060        if ($request_method != GET) {
061            fastcgi_pass phpbackend;
062        }
063    }
064    location @cache_miss {
065        # are we using a reverse proxy?
066        proxy_set_header  X-Real-IP  $remote_addr;
067        proxy_set_header  X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
068        proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
069        proxy_redirect off;
070        proxy_max_temp_file_size 0;
071         
072        #configure fastcgi
073        fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
074        fastcgi_send_timeout  5m;
075        fastcgi_read_timeout 5m;
076        fastcgi_connect_timeout 5m;
077        fastcgi_buffer_size 256k;
078        fastcgi_buffers 4   512k;
079        fastcgi_busy_buffers_size   768k;
080        fastcgi_param GEOIP_COUNTRY_CODE $geoip_country_code;
081        fastcgi_param GEOIP_COUNTRY_NAME $geoip_country_name;
082        fastcgi_param  PHP_VALUE "memory_limit = 32M";
083        fastcgi_param  PHP_VALUE "max_execution_time = 18000";
084        fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
085        include fastcgi_params;
086    }
087    location ~ /\. {
088        deny all;
089    }
090}
091#if you want to make it even better your own cdn
092#server {
093#      listen 80;
094#      server_name media.kingletas.com;
095#      root /var/www/vhosts/kingletas.com/www;
096#}
097#server {
098#      listen 80;
099#      server_name css.kingletas.com;
100#      root /var/www/vhosts/kingletas.com/www;
101#}
102#server {
103#      listen 80;
104#      server_name js.kingletas.com;
105#      root /var/www/vhosts/kingletas.com/www;
106#}

另外一个要点需要记住的是 Nginx 试图从内存中读取数据，而不往里面写，也就是说你仍然需要自己负责往 memcached 中写数据，因此我们需要在 WordPress 里的 index.php 做如下处理：

01/**
02* Front to the WordPress application. This file doesn't do anything, but loads
03* wp-blog-header.php which does and tells WordPress to load the theme.
04 *
05* @package WordPress
06 */
07 
08/**
09* Tells WordPress to load the WordPress theme and output it.
10 *
11* <a href="http://my.oschina.net/var" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">@var</a>  bool
12 */
13ini_set("memcache.compress_threshold",4294967296); //2^32
14ob_start();
15 
16define('WP_USE_THEMES', true);
17 
18/** Loads the WordPress Environment and Template */
19require('./wp-blog-header.php');
20 
21$buffer = ob_get_contents();
22 
23ob_end_clean();
24 
25$memcache_obj = memcache_connect("localhost", 11211);
26memcache_add($memcache_obj,$_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'],$buffer,0);
27 
28echo $buffer;
  

 

最后需要注意的是，我们必须修改 memcache.compress_threshold 设置项值为很大的数字，因为一旦超限时 memcached 将会忽略不压缩的设置。

同样的思路也适用于 Magento。

英文原文，OSCHINA原创翻译