SpringDataJPA是Spring Data的一个子项目,通过提供基于JPA的Repository极大的减少了JPA作为数据访问方案的代码量,你仅仅需要编写一个接口集成下SpringDataJPA内部定义的接口即可完成简单的CRUD操作。
前言
本篇文章引导你通过Spring Boot
,Spring Data JPA
和MySQL
实现many-to-many
关联表存在额外字段下关系映射。
准备
- JDK 1.8 或更高版本
- Maven 3 或更高版本
- MySQL Server 5.6
技术栈
- Spring Data JPA
- Spring Boot
- MySQL
目录结构
父pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>cn.merryyou</groupId>
<artifactId>jpa-example</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<modules>
<module>one-to-one-foreignkey</module>
<module>one-to-one-primarykey</module>
<module>one-to-many</module>
<module>many-to-many</module>
<module>many-to-many-extra-columns</module>
</modules>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.spring.platform</groupId>
<artifactId>platform-bom</artifactId>
<version>Brussels-SR6</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
</project>
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多对多关联映射
目录结构
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>jpa-example</artifactId>
<groupId>cn.merryyou</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>many-to-many-extra-columns</artifactId>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.6.1</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
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多对多关联
book.id
和 publisher.id
多对多关联表book_publisher
还存在published_data
字段
db.sql
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS `jpa_manytomany_extracolumns` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */;
USE `jpa_manytomany_extracolumns`;
--
-- Table structure for table `book`
--
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `book`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `book` (
`id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=20 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
--
-- Table structure for table `publisher`
--
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `publisher`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `publisher` (
`id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=21 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
--
-- Table structure for table `book_publisher`
--
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `book_publisher`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `book_publisher` (
`book_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
`publisher_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
`published_date` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`book_id`,`publisher_id`),
KEY `fk_bookpublisher_publisher_idx` (`publisher_id`),
CONSTRAINT `fk_bookpublisher_book` FOREIGN KEY (`book_id`) REFERENCES `book` (`id`) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE,
CONSTRAINT `fk_bookpublisher_publisher` FOREIGN KEY (`publisher_id`) REFERENCES `publisher` (`id`) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
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实体类
Book
@Entity
public class Book{
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
private int id;
private String name;
@OneToMany(mappedBy = "book", cascade = CascadeType.ALL, orphanRemoval = true)
private Set<BookPublisher> bookPublishers;
public Book() {
}
public Book(String name) {
this.name = name;
bookPublishers = new HashSet<>();
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Set<BookPublisher> getBookPublishers() {
return bookPublishers;
}
public void setBookPublishers(Set<BookPublisher> bookPublishers) {
this.bookPublishers = bookPublishers;
}
}
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Publisher
@Entity
public class Publisher {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
private int id;
private String name;
@OneToMany(mappedBy = "publisher")
private Set<BookPublisher> bookPublishers;
public Publisher(){
}
public Publisher(String name){
this.name = name;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Set<BookPublisher> getBookPublishers() {
return bookPublishers;
}
public void setBookPublishers(Set<BookPublisher> bookPublishers) {
this.bookPublishers = bookPublishers;
}
}
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BookPublisher
@Entity
@Table(name = "book_publisher")
public class BookPublisher implements Serializable {
@Id
@ManyToOne
@JoinColumn(name = "book_id")
private Book book;
@Id
@ManyToOne
@JoinColumn(name = "publisher_id")
private Publisher publisher;
@Column(name = "published_date")
private Date publishedDate;
public Book getBook() {
return book;
}
public void setBook(Book book) {
this.book = book;
}
public Publisher getPublisher() {
return publisher;
}
public void setPublisher(Publisher publisher) {
this.publisher = publisher;
}
public Date getPublishedDate() {
return publishedDate;
}
public void setPublishedDate(Date publishedDate) {
this.publishedDate = publishedDate;
}
}
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-
@Table
声明此对象映射到数据库的数据表,通过它可以为实体指定表(talbe),目录(Catalog)和schema的名字。该注释不是必须的,如果没有则系统使用默认值(实体的短类名)。 -
@Id
声明此属性为主键。该属性值可以通过应该自身创建,但是Hibernate推荐通过Hibernate生成 -
@GeneratedValue
指定主键的生成策略。- TABLE:使用表保存id值
- IDENTITY:identitycolumn
- SEQUENCR :sequence
- AUTO:根据数据库的不同使用上面三个
-
@Column
声明该属性与数据库字段的映射关系。 -
@OneToMany
一对多关联关系 -
@ManyToMany
多对多关联关系 -
@JoinColumn
指定关联的字段 -
@JoinTable
参考
Spring Data JPA Repository
BookRepository
public interface BookRepository extends JpaRepository<Book, Integer> {
}
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PublisherRepository
public interface PublisherRepository extends JpaRepository<Publisher, Integer> {
}
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Spring Data JPA
包含了一些内置的Repository
,实现了一些常用的方法:findone
,findall
,save
等。
application.yml
spring:
datasource:
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost/jpa_manytomany_extracolumns
username: root
password: admin
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jpa:
show-sql: true
properties:
hibernate:
enable_lazy_load_no_trans: true
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BookRepositoryTest
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
@Slf4j
public class BookRepositoryTest {
@Autowired
private BookRepository bookRepository;
@Autowired
private PublisherRepository publisherRepository;
@Test
@Transactional
public void manyToManyExtraColumnsTest() throws Exception{
Book bookA = new Book("Book One");
Publisher publisherA = new Publisher("Publisher One");
BookPublisher bookPublisher = new BookPublisher();
bookPublisher.setBook(bookA);
bookPublisher.setPublisher(publisherA);
bookPublisher.setPublishedDate(new Date());
bookA.getBookPublishers().add(bookPublisher);
publisherRepository.save(publisherA);
bookRepository.save(bookA);
// test
System.out.println(bookA.getBookPublishers().size());
// update
bookA.getBookPublishers().remove(bookPublisher);
bookRepository.save(bookA);
// test
System.out.println(bookA.getBookPublishers().size());
}
}
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代码下载
从我的 github 中下载,github.com/longfeizhen…
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