OSPF区域类型及路由发布（二）

最新推荐文章于 2022-12-22 17:10:46 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-12-22 17:10:46 发布

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原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/yytian/288436

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OSPF区域类型路由发布

－－－－之我的认识

<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />

<?xml:namespace prefix = v ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" />

RSR

S5750A

S5750B

AREA0

AREA10

Internet

三、当AREA10是NSSA区域的时候：

拓扑图如下所示：

RSR

S5750A

S5750B

AREA0

AREA10

Internet

S5750C

如上面拓扑所示：S5750B接受了通过静态路由（或者RIP）从S5750C学习到的路由，并将这些路由发布到了OSPF域中。这一动作使S5759B成为一个ASBR，更扩展一点说，也使AREA 10无法满足一个末梢区域或者完全末梢区域的条件了。然而这里并不需要AS外部LSA从骨干区域通告到这个区域。因此可以把AREA 10配置成为一个NSSA，在S5750B上的路由配置中添加area 10 nssa即可。

同样的配置也要在RSR上添加，由于RSR是一个ABR路由器，因此它将与NSSA区域相连拉接口收到的类型7的LSA转换成类型5的LSA，然后将类型5的LSA泛洪到整个骨干区域中去。

在此时，RSR与S5750A的路由都会发生一些变化。RSR的路由到会发生一些变化，它把外部路由标记成NSSA1，而S5750A把外部路由标记成E2，表明它们是从类型5的LSA学到的。

也就是说，当外部路由与骨干区域直接相连时，注入到OSPF区域的路由属于5类的LSA，这便是我们常用做的出口路由器的默认路由分配到OSPF区域的情况，为E2的；而当非骨干区域有外部路由相连的时候则是7类的路由了，要先在骨干的ABR上做一个7类到5类的转换然后才能泛洪到骨干区域中去，进而泛洪到整个OSPF区域中。

设置S5750B为NSSA后（在RSR与S5750B上添加）的各设备路由表的情况：

RSR20A#

Gateway of last resort is <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" />0.0.0.0 to network 0.0.0.0

S* 0.0.0.0/0 is directly connected, Serial 4/0

C 10.0.0.0/30 is directly connected, FastEthernet 0/0

C 10.0.0.1/32 is local host.

C 10.0.0.8/30 is directly connected, FastEthernet 0/1

C 10.0.0.9/32 is local host.

O 10.1.1.0/24 [110/2] via 10.0.0.2, 04:56:12, FastEthernet 0/0

O 10.1.2.0/24 [110/2] via 10.0.0.2, 04:56:12, FastEthernet 0/0

O 10.1.3.0/24 [110/2] via 10.0.0.10, 00:01:20, FastEthernet 0/1

O 10.1.4.0/24 [110/2] via 10.0.0.10, 00:01:20, FastEthernet 0/1

O 10.1.5.0/24 [110/2] via 10.0.0.2, 04:56:12, FastEthernet 0/0

O N2 192.168.0.0/16 [110/20] via 10.0.0.10, 00:01:19, FastEthernet 0/1

C 221.10.10.0/28 is directly connected, Serial 4/0

C 221.10.10.1/32 is local host.

RSR20A#

S5750B#

Gateway of last resort is no set

O IA 10.0.0.0/30 [110/2] via 10.0.0.9, 00:00:46, GigabitEthernet 0/1

C 10.0.0.8/30 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet 0/1

C 10.0.0.10/32 is local host.

O IA 10.1.1.0/24 [110/3] via 10.0.0.9, 00:00:46, GigabitEthernet 0/1

O IA 10.1.2.0/24 [110/3] via 10.0.0.9, 00:00:46, GigabitEthernet 0/1

C 10.1.3.0/24 is directly connected, VLAN 30

C 10.1.3.1/32 is local host.

C 10.1.4.0/24 is directly connected, VLAN 40

C 10.1.4.1/32 is local host.

O IA 10.1.5.0/24 [110/3] via 10.0.0.9, 00:00:46, GigabitEthernet 0/1

S 192.168.0.0/16 [1/0] via 192.168.1.2

C 192.168.1.0/30 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet 0/12

C 192.168.1.1/32 is local host.

S5750B#

S5750A#

Gateway of last resort is 10.0.0.1 to network 0.0.0.0

O*E1 0.0.0.0/0 [110/2] via 10.0.0.1, 04:55:11, GigabitEthernet 0/1

C 10.0.0.0/30 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet 0/1

C 10.0.0.2/32 is local host.

O IA 10.0.0.8/30 [110/2] via 10.0.0.1, 04:55:11, GigabitEthernet 0/1

C 10.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, VLAN 10

C 10.1.1.1/32 is local host.

C 10.1.2.0/24 is directly connected, VLAN 20

C 10.1.2.1/32 is local host.

O IA 10.1.3.0/24 [110/3] via 10.0.0.1, 00:00:14, GigabitEthernet 0/1

O IA 10.1.4.0/24 [110/3] via 10.0.0.1, 00:00:14, GigabitEthernet 0/1

C 10.1.5.0/24 is directly connected, VLAN 50

C 10.1.5.1/32 is local host.

O E2 192.168.0.0/16 [110/20] via 10.0.0.1, 00:00:13, GigabitEthernet 0/1

S5750A#

四、当AREA10是完全NSSA区域的时候：

完全NSSA区域是用no-summary选项和area nssa一起来阻塞类型3和类型4的LSA泛洪到NSSA里面。这个时候在S5750B上的只添加area 10 nssa，在RSR上添加area 10 nssa no-summary

。此时S5750B是一个ASBR路由器，当一台ABR路由器也是一台ASBR路由器时并且和一个NSSA区域相连时，它的缺省行为是通告重新分配的路由到这个NSSA中去。

这样一来，完全NSSA的路由情况就和完全STUB类似了，都有直连的路由和到一条缺省路由（到达ABR的缺省路由）通向外部；与完全STUB不同之处在于多了一条连接外部的路由。然后将该外部路由以7类LSA的形式发布给连接骨干区域的ABR，并以N2的形式出现；然后再由骨干的ABR将7类LSA转化为5类LSA公布，以E2的形式出现。

RSR20A#

Gateway of last resort is 0.0.0.0 to network 0.0.0.0

S* 0.0.0.0/0 is directly connected, Serial 4/0

C 10.0.0.0/30 is directly connected, FastEthernet 0/0

C 10.0.0.1/32 is local host.

C 10.0.0.8/30 is directly connected, FastEthernet 0/1

C 10.0.0.9/32 is local host.

O 10.1.1.0/24 [110/2] via 10.0.0.2, 05:15:16, FastEthernet 0/0

O 10.1.2.0/24 [110/2] via 10.0.0.2, 05:15:16, FastEthernet 0/0

O 10.1.3.0/24 [110/2] via 10.0.0.10, 00:01:13, FastEthernet 0/1

O 10.1.4.0/24 [110/2] via 10.0.0.10, 00:01:13, FastEthernet 0/1

O 10.1.5.0/24 [110/2] via 10.0.0.2, 05:15:16, FastEthernet 0/0

O N2 192.168.0.0/16 [110/20] via 10.0.0.10, 00:01:12, FastEthernet 0/1

C 221.10.10.0/28 is directly connected, Serial 4/0

C 221.10.10.1/32 is local host.

RSR20A#

S5750A#

Gateway of last resort is 10.0.0.1 to network 0.0.0.0

O*E1 0.0.0.0/0 [110/2] via 10.0.0.1, 05:16:44, GigabitEthernet 0/1

C 10.0.0.0/30 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet 0/1

C 10.0.0.2/32 is local host.

O IA 10.0.0.8/30 [110/2] via 10.0.0.1, 05:16:44, GigabitEthernet 0/1

C 10.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, VLAN 10

C 10.1.1.1/32 is local host.

C 10.1.2.0/24 is directly connected, VLAN 20

C 10.1.2.1/32 is local host.

O IA 10.1.3.0/24 [110/3] via 10.0.0.1, 00:02:35, GigabitEthernet 0/1

O IA 10.1.4.0/24 [110/3] via 10.0.0.1, 00:02:35, GigabitEthernet 0/1

C 10.1.5.0/24 is directly connected, VLAN 50

C 10.1.5.1/32 is local host.

O E2 192.168.0.0/16 [110/20] via 10.0.0.1, 00:02:34, GigabitEthernet 0/1

S5750A#

S5750B#

Gateway of last resort is 10.0.0.9 to network 0.0.0.0

O*IA 0.0.0.0/0 [110/2] via 10.0.0.9, 00:01:25, GigabitEthernet 0/1

C 10.0.0.8/30 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet 0/1

C 10.0.0.10/32 is local host.

C 10.1.3.0/24 is directly connected, VLAN 30

C 10.1.3.1/32 is local host.

C 10.1.4.0/24 is directly connected, VLAN 40

C 10.1.4.1/32 is local host.

S 192.168.0.0/16 [1/0] via 192.168.1.2

C 192.168.1.0/30 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet 0/12

C 192.168.1.1/32 is local host.

S5750B#

五、注意事项与总结：

1、OSPF骨干区域的设备直接连接的外部路由为默认路由的话，使用default-information originate来完成默认路由到OSPF区域的重分布，此时的类型注意为2。我们可以使用default-information originate metric-type 1 (metric no.)来更改，使得发布到OSPF区域后的类型为1.