一、简述UIAppearance 是什么?
1.UIAppearance是一个协议
但是它并不是支持所有的UI类。下面列出它支持的类
1.UIActivitiIndicatorView
2.UIBarButtonItem
3.UIBarItem
4.UINavgationBar
5.UIPopoverControll
6.UIProgressView
7.UISearchBar
8.UISegmentControll
9.UISlider
10.UISwitch
11.UITabBar
12.UITabBarItem
13.UIToolBar
14.UIView
15.UIViewController
注意:通过主题对象设置属性的前提: 属性后面是否带有UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR
的方法
例如UIToolBar
它支持下列方法
@property(nonatomic,retain) UIColor *tintColor UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
- (void)setBackgroundImage:(UIImage *)backgroundImage forToolbarPosition:(UIToolbarPosition)topOrBottom barMetrics:(UIBarMetrics)barMetrics NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
- (UIImage *)backgroundImageForToolbarPosition:(UIToolbarPosition)topOrBottom barMetrics:(UIBarMetrics)barMetrics NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
- (void)setShadowImage:(UIImage *)shadowImage forToolbarPosition:(UIToolbarPosition)topOrBottom NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
- (UIImage *)shadowImageForToolbarPosition:(UIToolbarPosition)topOrBottom NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
- 再例如:可以设置UITabBarItem文字主题
- (void)setTitleTextAttributes:(NSDictionary *)attributes forState:(UIControlState)state
NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR;
- 案例:设置所有的UITabBarItem,普通与选中状态下的文字颜色
![](http://upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/831339-25624b9606f45021.png?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/1240)
二.UIAppearance都有什么方法
+ (instancetype)appearance;
+ (instancetype)appearanceWhenContainedIn:(nullable Class <UIAppearanceContainer>)ContainerClass, ... NS_REQUIRES_NIL_TERMINATION NS_DEPRECATED_IOS(5_0, 9_0, "Use +appearanceWhenContainedInInstancesOfClasses: instead") __TVOS_PROHIBITED;
+ (instancetype)appearanceWhenContainedInInstancesOfClasses:(NSArray<Class <UIAppearanceContainer>> *)containerTypes NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(9_0);
+ (instancetype)appearanceForTraitCollection:(UITraitCollection *)trait NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0);
+ (instancetype)appearanceForTraitCollection:(UITraitCollection *)trait whenContainedIn:(nullable Class <UIAppearanceContainer>)ContainerClass, ... NS_REQUIRES_NIL_TERMINATION NS_DEPRECATED_IOS(8_0, 9_0, "Use +appearanceForTraitCollection:whenContainedInInstancesOfClasses: instead") __TVOS_PROHIBITED;
+ (instancetype)appearanceForTraitCollection:(UITraitCollection *)trait whenContainedInInstancesOfClasses:(NSArray<Class <UIAppearanceContainer>> *)containerTypes NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(9_0);
1.让某一类控件同时表现某种属性
[[UIButton appearance] setBackgroundColor:[UIColor blackColor]];
[[UIButton appearance] setTitle:@"呵呵哒" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
2.让某一类控件在另一种控件中同时变现某种属性
[[UIButton appearanceWhenContainedInInstancesOfClasses:@[[UIView class]]] setTitleColor:[UIColor grayColor] forState:UIControlStateNormal];
上面这句话的意思 就是----使UIView上面的UIButton的titleColor都变成灰色的
效果的话大家可以自己试试。
三、运用主题appearance,是否会生效,何时会生效
1、主题会生效
:先设置控件主题,后添加控件,
- 添加控件时,添加的那一刻会检查主题,会根据主题设置控件 =》主题会生效
2、主题不会生效
:先添加控件,后设置主题
- 控件已经添加,后设置主题,对以前的添加的控件不起作用了
- 如果,先添加控件,后设置主题,主题失效,我们该如何解决呢?
3、如何解决主题失效问题
-
-
方案1 :将控件所在控制器的View从窗口移除,因为主题已经确定了,再将控件所在控制器的View添加到窗口上 =》 此时主题就起作用了。
- 缺点:扩展性不好,因为这样不能解决所有控制器上的控件的主题
- 方案2:获取到应用的windows数组,然后遍历,将view删除,然后添加上即可
- 注意:
控件是否销毁,要看是否有强指针指向它
- 注意:
-
四、总结:
1、控件遵守了UIAppearance协议,才能对控件进行appearance设置
2、只有被UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR这个宏修饰的属性才能使用appearance进行设置,其他属性则不具备该功能
3、appearance设置需要在该控制显示之前设置完成,否则可能无效
它提供如下两个方法:
+ (id)appearance;
这个方法是统一全部改,比如你设置UINavigationBar的tintColor,你可以这样写:
[[UINavigationBar appearance] setTintColor:myColor];
+ (id)appearanceWhenContainedIn:(Class <>)ContainerClass,...
这个方法可设置某个类的改变,例如:
设置UIBarButtonItem 在UINavigationBar、UIPopoverController、UITabbar中的效果,就可以这样写:
[[UIBarButtonItem appearanceWhenContainedIn:[UINavigationBar class],
[UIPopoverController class],[UITabbar class],nil] setTintColor:myColor];
请注意:使用appearance设置UI效果最好采用全局的设置,在所有界面初始化前开始设置,否则可能失效。
具体UI外观修改如下:
1.修改导航栏背景
代码如下:
UINavigationBar * appearance = [UINavigationBar appearance];
UIImage *navBgImg =[UIImage imageNamed:@"bgImage"]; [appearance setBackgroundImage:navBgImg forBarMetrics: UIBarMetricsDefault];
2.标签栏(UITabbar)
代码如下:
UITabBar *appearance = [UITabBar appearance];
//设置背景图片
[appearance setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"bgImage"]]; //设置选择item的背景图片 UIImage * selectedImage =[[UIImage imageNamed:@"sliderImage"] resizableImageWithCapInsets:UIEdgeInsetsMake(2, 2, 2, 2)] ; [appearance setSelectionIndicatorImage:selectedImage];
3.分段控件(UISegmentControl)
代码如下:
UISegmentedControl *appearance = [UISegmentedControl appearance];
//Segmenteg正常背景
[appearance setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"image"] forState:UIControlStateNormal barMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault]; //Segmente选中背景 [appearance setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"bgImage"] forState:UIControlStateSelected barMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault]; /* Segmente左右都未选中时的分割线 BarMetrics表示navigation bar的状态,UIBarMetricsDefault 表示 portrait状态(44pixel height),UIBarMetricsLandscapePhone 表示landscape状态(32pixel height */ [appearance setDividerImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"line"] forLeftSegmentState:UIControlStateNormal rightSegmentState:UIControlStateNormal barMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault]; [appearance setDividerImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"line"] forLeftSegmentState:UIControlStateSelected rightSegmentState:UIControlStateNormal barMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault]; [appearance setDividerImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"line"] forLeftSegmentState:UIControlStateNormal rightSegmentState:UIControlStateSelected barMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault]; //字体 NSDictionary *textAtt1 = @{ NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:18], NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor blueColor], NSShadowAttributeName: [UIColor whiteColor]}; [appearance setTitleTextAttributes:textAtt1 forState:1]; NSDictionary *textAtt2 = @{ NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:18], NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor blueColor], NSShadowAttributeName: [UIColor whiteColor]}; [appearance setTitleTextAttributes:textAtt2 forState:0];
4.UIBarbutton
注意:UIBarbutton有leftBarButton,rightBarButton和backBarButton,其中backBarButton由于带有箭头,需要单独设置。barButton背景设置是ios6.0及以后的,而backbutton是ios5.0及以后的,这里要注意!
代码如下:
//修改导航条上的UIBarButtonItem
UIBarButtonItem *appearance = [UIBarButtonItem appearanceWhenContainedIn:
[UINavigationBar class], nil]; //设置导航栏的字体包括backBarButton和leftBarButton,rightBarButton的字体 NSDictionary *textAttributes = @{ NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:18], NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor blueColor], NSShadowAttributeName: [UIColor whiteColor]}; [appearance setTitleTextAttributes:textAttributes forState:1]; //forState为0时为下正常状态,为1时为点击状态。 //修改leftBarButton,rightBarButton背景效果 [appearance setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"image"] forState:UIControlStateNormal style:UIBarButtonItemStyleBordered barMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault]; [appearance setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"image"] forState:UIControlStateHighlighted style:UIBarButtonItemStyleBordered barMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault]; //backBarButton需要单独设置背景效果,只能在ios6.0以后才能用 [appearance setBackButtonBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"bgImage"] forState:0 barMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault]; [appearance setBackButtonBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"image"] forState:1 barMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault]; [appearance setBackButtonTitlePositionAdjustment:UIOffsetMake(2, -1) forBarMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];
5.工具栏(UIToolbar)
UIToolbar *appearance = [UIToolbar appearance];
//样式和背景二选一即可,看需求了
//样式(黑色半透明,不透明等)设置
[appearance setBarStyle:UIBarStyleBlackTranslucent]; //背景设置 [appearance setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"bgImage"] forToolbarPosition:UIToolbarPositionAny barMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];