硬盘监控和分析工具：Smartctl

硬盘监控和分析工具：Smartctl

Smartctl（S.M.A.R.T 自监控，分析和报告技术）是类Unix系统下实施SMART任务命令行套件或工具，它用于打印SMART自检和错误日志，启用并禁用SMRAT自动检测，以及初始化设备自检。

Smartctl对于Linux物理服务器十分有用，在这些服务器上，可以对智能磁盘进行错误检查，并将与硬件RAID相关的磁盘信息摘录下来。

在本帖中，我们将讨论smartctl命令的一些实用样例。如果你的Linux上海没有安装smartctl，请按以下步骤来安装。

安装 Smartctl

对于 Ubuntu

1. $ sudo apt-get install smartmontools

对于 CentOS & RHEL

1. # yum install smartmontools

启动Smartctl服务

对于 Ubuntu

1. $ sudo /etc/init.d/smartmontools start

对于 CentOS & RHEL

1. # service smartd start ; chkconfig smartd on

样例

样例：1 检查磁盘的 Smart 功能是否启用

1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -i /dev/sdb
2. smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
3. Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
4.  
5. === START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
6. Model Family: Seagate Momentus 5400.6
7. Device Model: ST9320325AS
8. Serial Number: 5VD2V59T
9. LU WWN Device Id: 5 000c50 020a37ec4
10. Firmware Version: 0002BSM1
11. User Capacity: 320,072,933,376 bytes [320 GB]
12. Sector Size: 512 bytes logical/physical
13. Rotation Rate: 5400 rpm
14. Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
15. ATA Version is: ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4
16. SATA Version is: SATA 2.6, 1.5 Gb/s
17. Local Time is: Sun Nov 16 12:32:09 2014 IST
18. SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
19. SMART support is: Enabled

这里‘/dev/sdb’是你的硬盘。上面输出中的最后两行显示了SMART功能已启用。

样例：2 启用磁盘的 Smart 功能

1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -s on /dev/sdb
2. smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
3. Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
4.  
5. === START OF ENABLE/DISABLE COMMANDS SECTION ===
6. SMART Enabled.

样例：3 禁用磁盘的 Smart 功能

1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -s off /dev/sdb
2. smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
3. Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
4.  
5. === START OF ENABLE/DISABLE COMMANDS SECTION ===
6. SMART Disabled. Use option -s with argument 'on' to enable it.

样例：4 显示磁盘的详细 Smart 信息

1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -a /dev/sdb // For IDE drive
2. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -a -d ata /dev/sdb // For SATA drive

样例：5 显示磁盘总体健康状况

1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -H /dev/sdb
2. smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
3. Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
4.  
5. === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
6. SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
7. Warning: This result is based on an Attribute check.
8. Please note the following marginal Attributes:
9. ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
10. 190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022 067 045 045 Old_age Always In_the_past 33 (Min/Max 25/33)

样例：6 使用long和short选项测试硬盘

Long测试

1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl --test=long /dev/sdb
2. smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
3. Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
4.  
5. === START OF OFFLINE IMMEDIATE AND SELF-TEST SECTION ===
6. Sending command: "Execute SMART Extended self-test routine immediately in off-line mode".
7. Drive command "Execute SMART Extended self-test routine immediately in off-line mode" successful.
8. Testing has begun.
9. Please wait 102 minutes for test to complete.
10. Test will complete after Sun Nov 16 14:29:43 2014
11.  
12. Use smartctl -X to abort test.

或者，我们可以重定向测试输出到日志文件，就像下面这样

1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl --test=long /dev/sdb > /var/log/long.text

Short测试

1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl --test=short /dev/sdb
2. smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
3. Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
4.  
5. === START OF OFFLINE IMMEDIATE AND SELF-TEST SECTION ===
6. Sending command: "Execute SMART Short self-test routine immediately in off-line mode".
7. Drive command "Execute SMART Short self-test routine immediately in off-line mode" successful.
8. Testing has begun.
9. Please wait 1 minutes for test to complete.
10. Test will complete after Sun Nov 16 12:51:45 2014
11.  
12. Use smartctl -X to abort test.

或

1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl --test=short /dev/sdb > /var/log/short.text

注意：short测试将花费最多2分钟，而在long测试中没有时间限制，因为它会读取并验证磁盘的每个段。

样例：7 查看驱动器的自检结果

1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -l selftest /dev/sdb
2. smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
3. Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
4.  
5. === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
6. SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
7. Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
8. # 1 Short offline Completed: read failure 90% 492 210841222
9. # 2 Extended offline Completed: read failure 90% 492 210841222

样例：8 计算测试时间估值

1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -c /dev/sdb
2. smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
3. Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
4.  
5. === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
6. General SMART Values:
7. Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity
8. was never started.
9. Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
10. Self-test execution status: ( 121) The previous self-test completed having
11. the read element of the test failed.
12. Total time to complete Offline
13. data collection: ( 0) seconds.
14. Offline data collection
15. capabilities: (0x73) SMART execute Offline immediate.
16. Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
17. Suspend Offline collection upon new
18. command.
19. No Offline surface scan supported.
20. Self-test supported.
21. Conveyance Self-test supported.
22. Selective Self-test supported.
23. SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
24. power-saving mode.
25. Supports SMART auto save timer.
26. Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
27. General Purpose Logging supported.
28. Short self-test routine
29. recommended polling time: ( 1) minutes.
30. Extended self-test routine
31. recommended polling time: ( 102) minutes.
32. Conveyance self-test routine
33. recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
34. SCT capabilities: (0x103b) SCT Status supported.
35. SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
36. SCT Feature Control supported.
37. SCT Data Table supported.

样例：9 显示磁盘错误日志

1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -l error /dev/sdb
2.  
3. Sample Output
4.  
5. smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
6. Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
7.  
8. === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
9. SMART Error Log Version: 1
10. ATA Error Count: 5
11. CR = Command Register [HEX]
12. FR = Features Register [HEX]
13. SC = Sector Count Register [HEX]
14. SN = Sector Number Register [HEX]
15. CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX]
16. CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX]
17. DH = Device/Head Register [HEX]
18. DC = Device Command Register [HEX]
19. ER = Error register [HEX]
20. ST = Status register [HEX]
21. Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as
22. DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
23. SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.
24.  
25. Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
26. CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
27. -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
28. 25 da 08 e7 e5 a5 4c 00 00:30:44.515 READ DMA EXT
29. 25 da 08 df e5 a5 4c 00 00:30:44.514 READ DMA EXT
30. 25 da 80 5f e5 a5 4c 00 00:30:44.502 READ DMA EXT
31. 25 da f0 5f e6 a5 4c 00 00:30:44.496 READ DMA EXT
32. 25 da 10 4f e6 a5 4c 00 00:30:44.383 READ DMA EXT

原文发布时间：2015-01-16

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