MySQL是一个开放源码的小型关联式数据库管理系统，开发者为瑞典MySQL AB公司。目前MySQL被广泛地应用在Internet上的中小型网站中。由于其体积小、速度快、总体拥有成本低，尤其是开放源码这一特点，许多中小型网站为了降低网站总体拥有成本而选择了MySQL作为网站数据库。
本文档为操作人员提供mysql-5.6安装指导。
第二章mysql安装
1、安装所需软件包
[root@host1 ~]#yum install -y gccgcc-c++ libtool autoconf automake imake libxml2-devel expat-devel ncurses-develcmake bison
2、创建需要的用户和目录
[root@host1~]#groupadd mysql //创建mysql用户组
[root@host1~]#useradd -g mysql mysql //创建mysql用户
[root@host1~]#mkdir -p /data/mysql/rs //创建数据存放目录
[root@host1~]#mkdir -p /usr/local/mysqld //创建mysql安装目录
[root@host1~]#chown mysql:mysql -R /data/mysql/ //修改目录的所属组和用户为mysql
[root@host1~]#chown mysql:mysql -R /usr/local/mysqld
3、编译并安装mysql
[root@host1~]#tar zxvf mysql-5.6.10.tar.gz //解压
[root@host1~]#cd mysql-5.6.10
[root@host1 mysql-5.6.10]# cmake .-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysqld -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql/rs-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/data/mysql/rs/mysqld.sock -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1-DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci-DMYSQL_USER=mysql -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3106
//cmake参数进行编译安装
[root@localhostmysql-5.6.10]# make
[root@localhostmysql-5.6.10]# make install
4、修改配置文件，启动数据库
[root@localhost mysqld]# cpsupport-files/my-default.cnf ./my.cnf //拷贝参数文件
[root@localhost mysqld]# cpsupport-files/mysql.server ./server
[root@localhost mysqld]#./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --ldata=/data/mysql/rs
//初始化数据库
[root@host1 mysqld]#vi server
替换conf值为/usr/local/mysqld/my.cnf
conf=/etc/my.cnf ----->conf=/usr/local/mysqld/my.cnf //修改参数文件路径
[root@localhost mysqld]# ./server start //启动mysql服务
Starting MySQL. [ OK ]
5、进入数据库，修改密码
[root@localhostmysqld]# /usr/local/mysqld/bin/mysql //第一次进入数据库
Welcometo the MySQL monitor. Commands end with; or \g.
YourMySQL connection id is 1
Serverversion: 5.6.10 Source distribution
Copyright(c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracleis a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates.Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>update mysql.user set Password=password("123456") whereUser="root" and Host="localhost"; //修改root用户登录密码
QueryOK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rowsmatched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
mysql>flush privileges; //更新授权表
QueryOK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql>
附录1：关于make时出现警告官网说明
http://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=47609
[29 Nov 2010 8:26] Alexander Nozdrin
These warnings are now in trunk (5.6).
sql/sql_select produces the following warnings duringbuild on
'linux x86_64 werror':
------------------------------------------------------
/export/home/pb2/build/sb_0-2577370-1290600489.98/mysql-5.6.1-m5/sql/sql_select.cc:6829:warning: 'loose_scan_opt.Loose_scan_opt::bound_sj_equalities' may be useduninitialized in this function /export/home/pb2/build/sb_0-2577370-1290600489.98/mysql-5.6.1-m5/sql/sql_select.cc:6829:warning: 'loose_scan_opt.Loose_scan_opt::quick_max_loose_keypart' may be useduninitialized in this function/export/home/pb2/build/sb_0-2577370-1290600489.98/mysql-5.6.1-m5/sql/sql_select.cc:6829:warning: 'loose_scan_opt.Loose_scan_opt::best_loose_scan_key' may be useduninitialized in this function/export/home/pb2/build/sb_0-2577370-1290600489.98/mysql-5.6.1-m5/sql/sql_select.cc:6829:warning: 'loose_scan_opt.Loose_scan_opt::best_loose_scan_records' may be useduninitialized in this function/export/home/pb2/build/sb_0-2577370-1290600489.98/mysql-5.6.1-m5/sql/sql_select.cc:6829:warning: 'loose_scan_opt.Loose_scan_opt::best_max_loose_keypart' may be useduninitialized in this function/export/home/pb2/build/sb_0-2577370-1290600489.98/mysql-5.6.1-m5/sql/sql_select.cc:6829:warning: 'loose_scan_opt.Loose_scan_opt::best_loose_scan_start_key' may be useduninitialized in this function
------------------------------------------------------
The thing is that those variables are left uninitializedintentionally.
Here is what a comment in sql_select.cc says:
------------------------------------------------------
We needn't initialize:
bound_sj_equalities - protected by try_loosescan
quick_max_loose_keypart - protected byquick_uses_applicable_index
best_loose_scan_key - protected by best_loose_scan_cost!= DBL_MAX
best_loose_scan_records - same
best_max_loose_keypart - same
best_loose_scan_start_key - same
Not initializing them causes compiler warnings, but usingUNINIT_VAR()
would cause a 2% CPU time loss in a 20-table plan search.
So, until UNINIT_VAR(x) doesn't do x=0 for any C++ code,it's not used
here.
------------------------------------------------------
附录2：cmake参数对照
从mysql5.5起，mysql源码安装开始使用cmake。下面是 mysql 5.5 与以前的参数对照：
configure Command | CMake Command |
./configure | cmake . |
./configure --help | cmake . -LH or ccmake . |
Parameter | configure Option | CMake Option | CMake Notes |
Installation base directory | --prefix=/usr | -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr | |
mysqld directory | --libexecdir=/usr/sbin | -DINSTALL_SBINDIR=sbin | interpreted relative to prefix |
Data directory | --localstatedir=/var/lib/mysql | -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/var/lib/mysql | |
Config directory (for my.cnf) | --sysconfdir=/etc/mysql | -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc/mysql | |
Plugin directory | --with-plugindir=/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin | -DINSTALL_PLUGINDIR=lib64/mysql/plugin | interpreted relative to prefix |
Man page directory | --mandir=/usr/share/man | -DINSTALL_MANDIR=share/man | interpreted relative to prefix |
Shared-data directory | --sharedstatedir=/usr/share/mysql | -DINSTALL_SHAREDIR=share | this is where aclocal/mysql.m4 should be installed |
Library installation directory | --libdir=/usr/lib64/mysql | -DINSTALL_LIBDIR=lib64/mysql | interpreted relative to prefix |
Header installation directory | --includedir=/usr/include/mysql | -DINSTALL_INCLUDEDIR=include/mysql | interpreted relative to prefix |
Info doc directory | --infodir=/usr/share/info | -DINSTALL_INFODIR=share/info | interpreted relative to prefix |
Parameter | configure Option | CMake Option | CMake Notes |
readline library | --with-readline | -DWITH_READLINE=1 | |
SSL library | --with-ssl=/usr | -DWITH_SSL=system | |
zlib library | --with-zlib-dir=/usr | -DWITH_ZLIB=system | |
libwrap library | --without-libwrap | -DWITH_LIBWRAP=0 |
TCP/IP port number | --with-tcp-port-=3306 | -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 | |
UNIX socket file | --with-unix-socket-path=/tmp/mysqld.sock | -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysqld.sock | |
Enable LOCAL for LOAD DATA | --enable-local-infile | -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 | |
Extra charsets | --with-extra-charsets=all | -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all | default is "all" |
Default charset | --with-charset=utf8 | -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 | |
Default collation | --with-collation=utf8_general_ci | -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci | |
Build the server | --with-server | none | |
Build the embedded server | --with-embedded-server | -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 | |
libmysqld privilege control | --with-embedded-privilege-control | none | always enabled? |
Install the documentation | --without-docs | none | |
Big tables | --with-big-tables, --without-big-tables | none | tables are big by default |
mysqld user | --with-mysqld-user=mysql | -DMYSQL_USER=mysql | mysql is the default |
Debugging | --without-debug | -DWITH_DEBUG=0 | default is debugging disabled |
GIS support | --with-geometry | none | always enabled? |
Community features | --enable-community-features | none | always enabled |
Profiling | --disable-profiling | -DENABLE_PROFILING=0 | enabled by default |
pstack | --without-pstack | none | pstack is removed |
Assembler string functions | --enable-assembler | none | |
Build type | --build=x86_64-pc-linux-gnu | no equivalent | unneeded? |
Cross-compile host | --host=x86_64-pc-linux-gnu | no equivalent | unneeded? |
Client flag | --with-client-ldflags=-lstdc++ | none | unneeded |
Client flag | --enable-thread-safe-client | none | unneeded, clients are always thread safe |
Comment | --with-comment='string' | -DWITH_COMMENT='string' | |
Shared/static binaries | --enable-shared --enable-static | none | there is only DISABLE_SHARED |
Memory use | --with-low-memory | none | unneeded |
1.命令语法：
重新编译时，需要清除旧的对象文件和缓存信息
# make clean
# rm -f CMakeCache.txt
2.安装选项
CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX值是安装的基本目录,其他cmake选项值是不包括前缀，是相对路径名，绝对路径包括CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX路径。如-DINSTALL_SBINDIR=sbin的绝对路径是/usr/local/mysql/sbin
3.存储引擎选项
mysql存储引擎是插件式的，因此插件控制选项可以指定那个存储引擎安装。
configure编译插件选项--with-plugins=csv,myisam,myisammrg,heap,innobase,
archive,blackhole在cmake中没有直接对应的相同选项。对于csv,myisam,myisammrg,heap在cmake中是不需要明确指定存储引擎的名称，因为它们是强制性安装。
可以使用以下选择来安装innodb,archive,blackhole存储引擎
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
（1可以使用on代替）
如果既不是-DWITH_<ENGINE>_STORAGE_ENGINE 也不是 -DWITHOUT_<ENGINE>_STORAGE_ENGINE 来指定存储引擎，该存储引擎将安装成共享模块式的。如果不是共享模块式的将排除在外。共享模块安装时必须使用INSTALL PLUGIN语句或--plugin-load才可以使用。
4.其他选项
之前MySQL的编译选项大多数都支持。新旧版本之间的安装选项映射成大写字母，删除选项前面破折号，中间字符间的破折号替换成下划线。如：
--with-debug => WITH_DEBUG=1
--with-embedded-server => WITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER
5.调试配置过程
使用configure编译完将生成config.log和config.status文件。
使用cmake编译完在CMakeFiles目录下生成CMakeError.log 和CMakeOutput.log文件。
编译参数参考：
BUILD_CONFIG 采用官方发行版一致的编译参数
CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE 指定产品编译说明信息 RelWithDebInf
CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX 指定MySQL安装路径 /usr/local/mysql
CPACK_MONOLITHIC_INSTALL是否建立单个安装包文件 OFF 5.5.7
DEFAULT_CHARSET MYSQL 默认字符集 latin1 5.5.7
DEFAULT_COLLATION MYSQL 默认排序字符集 latin1_swedish_ci5.5.7
ENABLE_DEBUG_SYNC 是否启用同步调试功能 ON 5.5.7
ENABLE_DOWNLOADS 是否下载可选文件 OFF 5.5.7
ENABLE_DTRACE 是否包含 DTrace 支持 5.5.7
ENABLE_GCOV 是否包含 Gcov 支持 5.5.14
ENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE 是否启用本地 LOAD DATA INFILEOFF 5.5.7
ENABLED_PROFILING 是否启用代码查询分析 ON 5.5.7
INSTALL_BINDIR MySQL 主执行文件目录 PREFIX/bin 5.5.7
INSTALL_DOCDIR 文档安装路径 PREFIX/docs 5.5.7
INSTALL_DOCREADMEDIR 自述文件目录 PREFIX 5.5.7
INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR 头文件目录 PREFIX/include 5.5.7
INSTALL_INFODIR 关于信息文件目录 PREFIX/docs 5.5.7
INSTALL_LAYOUT 选择预定义的安装 STANDALONE 5.5.7
INSTALL_LIBDIR 库文件目录 PREFIX/lib 5.5.7
INSTALL_MANDIR 手册页面目录 PREFIX/man 5.5.7
INSTALL_MYSQLSHAREDIR 共享数据目录 PREFIX/share 5.5.7
INSTALL_MYSQLTESTDIR mysql-test 目录 PREFIX/mysql-test 5.5.7
INSTALL_PLUGINDIR 插件目录 PREFIX/lib/plugin5.5.7
INSTALL_SBINDIR 服务器超级用户执行文件目录 PREFIX/bin 5.5.7
INSTALL_SCRIPTDIR 脚本目录 PREFIX/scripts 5.5.7
INSTALL_SHAREDIR aclocal/mysql.m4 安装目录PREFIX/share 5.5.7
INSTALL_SQLBENCHDIR sql-bench 性能测试工具目录PREFIX 5.5.7
INSTALL_SUPPORTFILESDIR 扩展支持文件目录 PREFIX/support-files 5.5.7
MYSQL_DATADIR 数据库存放目录 5.5.7
MYSQL_MAINTAINER_MODE 是否启用MySQL的维护环境 OFF 5.5.7
MYSQL_TCP_PORT TCP/IP 端口号 3306 5.5.7
MYSQL_UNIX_ADDR Unix Socket 套接字文件 /tmp/mysql.sock 5.5.7
SYSCONFDIR 选项配置文件目录 5.5.7
WITH_COMMENT 编译环境发表评论 5.5.7
WITH_DEBUG 是否包括调试支持 OFF 5.5.7
WITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER 是否要建立嵌入式服务器 OFF 5.5.7
WITH_xxx_STORAGE_ENGINE 静态编译xxx 存储引擎到服务器 5.5.7
WITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS 额外的字符集，包括 all 5.5.7
WITH_LIBWRAP 是否包括支持libwrap（TCP包装） OFF 5.5.7
WITH_READLINE 使用捆绑的readline OFF 5.5.7
WITH_SSL 是否支持SSL no 5.5.7
WITH_ZLIB 是否支持Zlib system 5.5.7
WITHOUT_xxx_
转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/aichiyuyu/1202764
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