socket 需要的过程
通过系统调用socket来创建一个socket
通过bind()来绑定一个端口,并且指定相应的ip类型及通讯方式
通过调用listen()监听端口的连接
调用accept()来等待用户的连接,当调用这个函数的时候系统会堵塞直到有相应的客户端连接。
头文件说明
#include<sys/types.h>
该头文件定义了socket的数据类型,后面的两个头文件需要包含这个头文件
#include <sys/socket.h>
包含了一些socket所需的结构定义
#include <netinet/in.h>
该类的是定义了一些所需要的互联网域名地址常量和结构。
void error(char *msg)
该类其实是将错误代码输出成文字的信息,在linux c当中所有的错误都有一个特定的errno的,当出现错误的时候可以查看相应的编写来定位问题的原因,后面附录错误的编号
代码
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <unistd.h>
void* socketProcess(void* socket_desc );
int main(int argc, char const* argv[])
{
int sock_desc,c,recv_len;
int *new_sock;
char client_message[512];
struct sockaddr_in server,client;
**//#define AF_INET 2 /* internetwork: UDP, TCP, etc. */**
sock_desc=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
if(sock_desc<0){
puts("错误");
return 1;
}
server.sin_addr.s_addr=INADDR_ANY;
server.sin_port=htons(8888);
server.sin_family=AF_INET;
if(bind(sock_desc,(struct sockaddr*)&server,sizeof(server))<0){
puts("绑定错误");
}
puts("绑定完成");
listen(sock_desc,5);
puts("正在监听等待连接");
while(1){
new_sock=(int*)malloc(sizeof(int));
*new_sock=accept(sock_desc,(struct sockaddr*)&client,(socklen_t* )&c);
pthread_t thread_id;
puts("接受请求");
if(*new_sock!=-1){
char ipv4addr[100];
char addr_buf[INET_ADDRSTRLEN];
socklen_t len;
if(getsockname(*new_sock,(struct sockaddr*)&client,&len)==-1)
{
perror("gesockname err");
}
printf("ip:%d\n",ntohs(client.sin_port));
if(pthread_create(&thread_id,0,&socketProcess,(void*)new_sock)<0){//创建一个线程
perror("创建线程失败");
return 1;
}
pthread_detach(thread_id);//线程分离
}
puts("新客户连接");
}
puts("连接成功");
return 0;
}
void* socketProcess(void* socket_desc ){
int *csock = (int*)socket_desc;
char buffer[1024];
int buffer_len = 1024;
int bytecount;
while(1){
memset(buffer, 0, buffer_len);
if((bytecount = recv(*csock, buffer, buffer_len, 0))== -1){
fprintf(stderr, "接收数据错误,错误代码: %d\n", errno);
close(*csock);
return(0);
}
printf("接收到字节数 %d\n接收字符串 \"%s\"\n", bytecount, buffer);
strcat(buffer, " SERVER ECHO\n");
if((bytecount = send(*csock, buffer, strlen(buffer), 0))== -1){
fprintf(stderr, "错误发送数据 %d\n", errno);
close(*csock);
return(0);
}
printf("发送字节数 %d\n", bytecount);
}
return 0;
}
常用的错误编号
#define EPERM 1 /* Operation not permitted */
#define ENOENT 2 /* No such file or directory */
#define ESRCH 3 /* No such process */
#define EINTR 4 /* Interrupted system call */
#define EIO 5 /* Input/output error */
#define ENXIO 6 /* Device not configured */
#define E2BIG 7 /* Argument list too long */
#define ENOEXEC 8 /* Exec format error */
#define EBADF 9 /* Bad file descriptor */
#define ECHILD 10 /* No child processes */
#define EDEADLK 11 /* Resource deadlock avoided */
/* 11 was EAGAIN */
#define ENOMEM 12 /* Cannot allocate memory */
#define EACCES 13 /* Permission denied */
#define EFAULT 14 /* Bad address */
#if __DARWIN_C_LEVEL >= __DARWIN_C_FULL
#define ENOTBLK 15 /* Block device required */
#endif
#define EBUSY 16 /* Device / Resource busy */
#define EEXIST 17 /* File exists */
#define EXDEV 18 /* Cross-device link */
#define ENODEV 19 /* Operation not supported by device */
#define ENOTDIR 20 /* Not a directory */
#define EISDIR 21 /* Is a directory */
#define EINVAL 22 /* Invalid argument */
#define ENFILE 23 /* Too many open files in system */
#define EMFILE 24 /* Too many open files */
#define ENOTTY 25 /* Inappropriate ioctl for device */
#define ETXTBSY 26 /* Text file busy */
#define EFBIG 27 /* File too large */
#define ENOSPC 28 /* No space left on device */
#define ESPIPE 29 /* Illegal seek */
#define EROFS 30 /* Read-only file system */
#define EMLINK 31 /* Too many links */
#define EPIPE 32 /* Broken pipe */
/* math software */
#define EDOM 33 /* Numerical argument out of domain */
#define ERANGE 34 /* Result too large */
/* non-blocking and interrupt i/o */
#define EAGAIN 35 /* Resource temporarily unavailable */
#define EWOULDBLOCK EAGAIN /* Operation would block */
#define EINPROGRESS 36 /* Operation now in progress */
#define EALREADY 37 /* Operation already in progress */
/* ipc/network software -- argument errors */
#define ENOTSOCK 38 /* Socket operation on non-socket */
#define EDESTADDRREQ 39 /* Destination address required */
#define EMSGSIZE 40 /* Message too long */
#define EPROTOTYPE 41 /* Protocol wrong type for socket */
#define ENOPROTOOPT 42 /* Protocol not available */
#define EPROTONOSUPPORT 43 /* Protocol not supported */
#if __DARWIN_C_LEVEL >= __DARWIN_C_FULL
#define ESOCKTNOSUPPORT 44 /* Socket type not supported */
#endif
#define ENOTSUP 45 /* Operation not supported */
#if !__DARWIN_UNIX03 && !defined(KERNEL)
/*
* This is the same for binary and source copmpatability, unless compiling
* the kernel itself, or compiling __DARWIN_UNIX03; if compiling for the
* kernel, the correct value will be returned. If compiling non-POSIX
* source, the kernel return value will be converted by a stub in libc, and
* if compiling source with __DARWIN_UNIX03, the conversion in libc is not
* done, and the caller gets the expected (discrete) value.
*/
#define EOPNOTSUPP ENOTSUP /* Operation not supported on socket */
#endif /* !__DARWIN_UNIX03 && !KERNEL */
#if __DARWIN_C_LEVEL >= __DARWIN_C_FULL
#define EPFNOSUPPORT 46 /* Protocol family not supported */
#endif
#define EAFNOSUPPORT 47 /* Address family not supported by protocol family */
#define EADDRINUSE 48 /* Address already in use */
#define EADDRNOTAVAIL 49 /* Can't assign requested address */
/* ipc/network software -- operational errors */
#define ENETDOWN 50 /* Network is down */
#define ENETUNREACH 51 /* Network is unreachable */
#define ENETRESET 52 /* Network dropped connection on reset */
#define ECONNABORTED 53 /* Software caused connection abort */
#define ECONNRESET 54 /* Connection reset by peer */
#define ENOBUFS 55 /* No buffer space available */
#define EISCONN 56 /* Socket is already connected */
#define ENOTCONN 57 /* Socket is not connected */
#if __DARWIN_C_LEVEL >= __DARWIN_C_FULL
#define ESHUTDOWN 58 /* Can't send after socket shutdown */
#define ETOOMANYREFS 59 /* Too many references: can't splice */
#endif
#define ETIMEDOUT 60 /* Operation timed out */
#define ECONNREFUSED 61 /* Connection refused */
#define ELOOP 62 /* Too many levels of symbolic links */
#define ENAMETOOLONG 63 /* File name too long */
/* should be rearranged */
#if __DARWIN_C_LEVEL >= __DARWIN_C_FULL
#define EHOSTDOWN 64 /* Host is down */
#endif
#define EHOSTUNREACH 65 /* No route to host */
#define ENOTEMPTY 66 /* Directory not empty */
/* quotas & mush */
#if __DARWIN_C_LEVEL >= __DARWIN_C_FULL
#define EPROCLIM 67 /* Too many processes */
#define EUSERS 68 /* Too many users */
#endif
#define EDQUOT 69 /* Disc quota exceeded */
/* Network File System */
#define ESTALE 70 /* Stale NFS file handle */
#if __DARWIN_C_LEVEL >= __DARWIN_C_FULL
#define EREMOTE 71 /* Too many levels of remote in path */
#define EBADRPC 72 /* RPC struct is bad */
#define ERPCMISMATCH 73 /* RPC version wrong */
#define EPROGUNAVAIL 74 /* RPC prog. not avail */
#define EPROGMISMATCH 75 /* Program version wrong */
#define EPROCUNAVAIL 76 /* Bad procedure for program */
#endif
#define ENOLCK 77 /* No locks available */
#define ENOSYS 78 /* Function not implemented */
#if __DARWIN_C_LEVEL >= __DARWIN_C_FULL
#define EFTYPE 79 /* Inappropriate file type or format */
#define EAUTH 80 /* Authentication error */
#define ENEEDAUTH 81 /* Need authenticator */
/* Intelligent device errors */
#define EPWROFF 82 /* Device power is off */
#define EDEVERR 83 /* Device error, e.g. paper out */
#endif
#define EOVERFLOW 84 /* Value too large to be stored in data type */
/* Program loading errors */
#if __DARWIN_C_LEVEL >= __DARWIN_C_FULL
#define EBADEXEC 85 /* Bad executable */
#define EBADARCH 86 /* Bad CPU type in executable */
#define ESHLIBVERS 87 /* Shared library version mismatch */
#define EBADMACHO 88 /* Malformed Macho file */
#endif
#define ECANCELED 89 /* Operation canceled */
#define EIDRM 90 /* Identifier removed */
#define ENOMSG 91 /* No message of desired type */
#define EILSEQ 92 /* Illegal byte sequence */
#if __DARWIN_C_LEVEL >= __DARWIN_C_FULL
#define ENOATTR 93 /* Attribute not found */
#endif
#define EBADMSG 94 /* Bad message */
#define EMULTIHOP 95 /* Reserved */
#define ENODATA 96 /* No message available on STREAM */
#define ENOLINK 97 /* Reserved */
#define ENOSR 98 /* No STREAM resources */
#define ENOSTR 99 /* Not a STREAM */
#define EPROTO 100 /* Protocol error */
#define ETIME 101 /* STREAM ioctl timeout */
#if __DARWIN_UNIX03 || defined(KERNEL)
/* This value is only discrete when compiling __DARWIN_UNIX03, or KERNEL */
#define EOPNOTSUPP 102 /* Operation not supported on socket */
#endif /* __DARWIN_UNIX03 || KERNEL */
#define ENOPOLICY 103 /* No such policy registered */
#if __DARWIN_C_LEVEL >= 200809L
#define ENOTRECOVERABLE 104 /* State not recoverable */
#define EOWNERDEAD 105 /* Previous owner died */
#endif
#if __DARWIN_C_LEVEL >= __DARWIN_C_FULL
#define EQFULL 106 /* Interface output queue is full */
#define ELAST 106 /* Must be equal largest errno */
#endif
#endif /* _SYS_ERRNO_H_ */