Python数据可视化之Pygal图表类型

将使用Python可视化包Pygal来生成可缩放的矢量图形文件

pygal官方文档:www.pygal.org/en/stable/

START

安装pygal

pip install pygal -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
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使用的编辑器是Pycharm工具软件,各位可以参考一下

下载完并且安装完Pycharn后新建项目新建python文件

简单的python图表

import pygal

pygal.Bar()(1, 3, 3, 7)(1, 6, 6, 4).render()
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生成svg图表

pygal.Bar()(1, 3, 3, 7)(1, 6, 6, 4).render_to_file("simple.svg")
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由于markdown不支持svg格式,只好用截图代替

制作多系列图标

import pygal
bar_chart = pygal.Bar()
bar_chart.add('Fibonacci', [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55])
bar_chart.add('Padovan', [1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 12])
bar_chart.render_to_file("mul-graph.svg")
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堆叠图表StackedBar

import pygal
bar_chart = pygal.StackedBar()
bar_chart.add('Fibonacci', [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55])
bar_chart.add('Padovan', [1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 12])
bar_chart.render_to_file("StackedBar.svg")
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将上面的图表水平HorizontalStackedBar

import pygal
bar_chart = pygal.HorizontalStackedBar()
bar_chart.add('Fibonacci', [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55])
bar_chart.add('Padovan', [1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 12])
bar_chart.render_to_file("HorizontalStackedBar.svg")
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添加标签

import pygal
bar_chart = pygal.HorizontalStackedBar()
bar_chart.title = "Remarquable sequences"
bar_chart.x_labels = map(str, range(11))
bar_chart.add('Fibonacci', [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55])
bar_chart.add('Padovan', [1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 12])
bar_chart.render_to_file("HorizontalStackedBar-add-labels.svg")
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图表类型

上面只介绍了Bar,下面就介绍Pygal各种图表类型

Line

Basic

基本的简单线形图

import pygal

line_chart = pygal.Line()
line_chart.title = 'Browser usage evolution (in %)'
line_chart.x_labels = map(str, range(2002, 2013))
line_chart.add('Firefox', [None, None,    0, 16.6,   25,   31, 36.4, 45.5, 46.3, 42.8, 37.1])
line_chart.add('Chrome',  [None, None, None, None, None, None,    0,  3.9, 10.8, 23.8, 35.3])
line_chart.add('IE',      [85.8, 84.6, 84.7, 74.5,   66, 58.6, 54.7, 44.8, 36.2, 26.6, 20.1])
line_chart.add('Others',  [14.2, 15.4, 15.3,  8.9,    9, 10.4,  8.9,  5.8,  6.7,  6.8,  7.5])
line_chart.render_to_file("line-basic.svg")
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Horizontal Line

相同的图形但水平,范围为0-100。

import pygal

line_chart = pygal.HorizontalLine()
line_chart.title = 'Browser usage evolution (in %)'
line_chart.x_labels = map(str, range(2002, 2013))
line_chart.add('Firefox', [None, None,    0, 16.6,   25,   31, 36.4, 45.5, 46.3, 42.8, 37.1])
line_chart.add('Chrome',  [None, None, None, None, None, None,    0,  3.9, 10.8, 23.8, 35.3])
line_chart.add('IE',      [85.8, 84.6, 84.7, 74.5,   66, 58.6, 54.7, 44.8, 36.2, 26.6, 20.1])
line_chart.add('Others',  [14.2, 15.4, 15.3,  8.9,    9, 10.4,  8.9,  5.8,  6.7,  6.8,  7.5])
line_chart.range = [0, 100]
line_chart.render_to_file("line-horizontal-line.svg")
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Stacked

相同的图形但具有堆叠值和填充渲染

import pygal

# fill参数是指是否填充
line_chart = pygal.StackedLine(fill=True)
line_chart.title = 'Browser usage evolution (in %)'
line_chart.x_labels = map(str, range(2002, 2013))
line_chart.add('Firefox', [None, None, 0, 16.6,   25,   31, 36.4, 45.5, 46.3, 42.8, 37.1])
line_chart.add('Chrome',  [None, None, None, None, None, None,    0,  3.9, 10.8, 23.8, 35.3])
line_chart.add('IE',      [85.8, 84.6, 84.7, 74.5,   66, 58.6, 54.7, 44.8, 36.2, 26.6, 20.1])
line_chart.add('Others',  [14.2, 15.4, 15.3,  8.9,    9, 10.4,  8.9,  5.8,  6.7,  6.8,  7.5])
line_chart.render_to_file("line-stacked.svg")
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Time

对于与时间相关的图,只需格式化标签或使用xy图表的一种变体

import pygal
from datetime import datetime

# x_label_rotation=20是指x轴标签右旋转20度,可负数,负数向左旋转
date_chart = pygal.Line(x_label_rotation=-20)
date_chart.x_labels = map(lambda d: d.strftime('%Y-%m-%d'), [
 datetime(2013, 1, 2),
 datetime(2013, 1, 12),
 datetime(2013, 2, 2),
 datetime(2013, 2, 22)])
date_chart.add("Visits", [300, 412, 823, 672])
date_chart.render_to_file("line-time.svg")
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Lambda是一个表达式,也可以是一个匿名函数

def sum(x, y):
    return x + y
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在Lambda中可以这样写

p = lambda x, y: x + y
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Bar

Basic

基本的简单条形图

import pygal

line_chart = pygal.Bar()
line_chart.title = 'Browser usage evolution (in %)'
line_chart.x_labels = map(str, range(2002, 2013))
line_chart.add('Firefox', [None, None, 0, 16.6,   25,   31, 36.4, 45.5, 46.3, 42.8, 37.1])
line_chart.add('Chrome',  [None, None, None, None, None, None,    0,  3.9, 10.8, 23.8, 35.3])
line_chart.add('IE',      [85.8, 84.6, 84.7, 74.5,   66, 58.6, 54.7, 44.8, 36.2, 26.6, 20.1])
line_chart.add('Others',  [14.2, 15.4, 15.3,  8.9,    9, 10.4,  8.9,  5.8,  6.7,  6.8,  7.5])
line_chart.render_to_file("bar-basic.svg")
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Stacked

相同的图形但具有堆叠值

import pygal

line_chart = pygal.StackedBar()
line_chart.title = 'Browser usage evolution (in %)'
line_chart.x_labels = map(str, range(2002, 2013))
line_chart.add('Firefox', [None, None, 0, 16.6,   25,   31, 36.4, 45.5, 46.3, 42.8, 37.1])
line_chart.add('Chrome',  [None, None, None, None, None, None,    0,  3.9, 10.8, 23.8, 35.3])
line_chart.add('IE',      [85.8, 84.6, 84.7, 74.5,   66, 58.6, 54.7, 44.8, 36.2, 26.6, 20.1])
line_chart.add('Others',  [14.2, 15.4, 15.3,  8.9,    9, 10.4,  8.9,  5.8,  6.7,  6.8,  7.5])
line_chart.render_to_file("bar-stacked.svg")
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Horizontal

水平条形图

import pygal

line_chart = pygal.HorizontalBar()
line_chart.title = 'Browser usage in February 2012 (in %)'
line_chart.add('IE', 19.5)
line_chart.add('Firefox', 36.6)
line_chart.add('Chrome', 36.3)
line_chart.add('Safari', 4.5)
line_chart.add('Opera', 2.3)
line_chart.render_to_file("bar-horizontal.svg")
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Histogram

Basic

直方图是特殊条形,它为条形图取3个值:纵坐标高度,横坐标开始和横坐标结束。

import pygal

hist = pygal.Histogram()
hist.add('Wide bars', [(5, 0, 10), (4, 5, 13), (2, 0, 15)])
hist.add('Narrow bars',  [(10, 1, 2), (12, 4, 4.5), (8, 11, 13)])
hist.render_to_file("histogram-basic.svg")
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XY

Basic

基本XY线,绘制余弦函数

import pygal
from math import cos

xy_chart = pygal.XY()
xy_chart.title = 'XY Cosinus'
xy_chart.add('x = cos(y)', [(cos(x / 10.), x / 10.) for x in range(-50, 50, 5)])
xy_chart.add('y = cos(x)', [(x / 10., cos(x / 10.)) for x in range(-50, 50, 5)])
xy_chart.add('x = 1',  [(1, -5), (1, 5)])
xy_chart.add('x = -1', [(-1, -5), (-1, 5)])
xy_chart.add('y = 1',  [(-5, 1), (5, 1)])
xy_chart.add('y = -1', [(-5, -1), (5, -1)])
xy_chart.render_to_file("xy-basic.svg")
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Scatter Plot

禁用点和点之间的连线而获得散点图

import pygal

# stroke参数是指是否禁用连线
xy_chart = pygal.XY(stroke=False)
xy_chart.title = 'Correlation'
xy_chart.add('A', [(0, 0), (.1, .2), (.3, .1), (.5, 1), (.8, .6), (1, 1.08), (1.3, 1.1), (2, 3.23), (2.43, 2)])
xy_chart.add('B', [(.1, .15), (.12, .23), (.4, .3), (.6, .4), (.21, .21), (.5, .3), (.6, .8), (.7, .8)])
xy_chart.add('C', [(.05, .01), (.13, .02), (1.5, 1.7), (1.52, 1.6), (1.8, 1.63), (1.5, 1.82), (1.7, 1.23), (2.1, 2.23), (2.3, 1.98)])
xy_chart.render_to_file("xy-scatter-plot.svg")
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Dates

DateTime

import pygal
from datetime import datetime

# truncate_label=-1是指显示到最后一个元素
# x_value_formatter指X轴的值的格式化
datetimeline = pygal.DateTimeLine(
    x_label_rotation=35, truncate_label=-1,
    x_value_formatter=lambda dt: dt.strftime('%d, %b %Y at %I:%M:%S %p')
)
datetimeline.add("Serie", [
    (datetime(2013, 1, 2, 12, 0), 300),
    (datetime(2013, 1, 12, 14, 30, 45), 412),
    (datetime(2013, 2, 2, 6), 823),
    (datetime(2013, 2, 22, 9, 45), 672)
])
datetimeline.render_to_file("dates-datetime.svg")
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Date

import pygal
from datetime import date

dateline = pygal.DateLine(x_label_rotation=25)
dateline.x_labels = [
    date(2013, 1, 1),
    date(2013, 7, 1),
    date(2014, 1, 1),
    date(2014, 7, 1),
    date(2015, 1, 1),
    date(2015, 7, 1)
]
dateline.add("Serie", [
    (date(2013, 1, 2), 213),
    (date(2013, 8, 2), 281),
    (date(2014, 12, 7), 198),
    (date(2015, 3, 21), 120)
])
dateline.render_to_file("dates-date.svg")
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Time

import pygal
from datetime import time

dateline = pygal.TimeLine(x_label_rotation=25)
dateline.add("Serie", [
  (time(), 0),
  (time(6), 5),
  (time(8, 30), 12),
  (time(11, 59, 59), 4),
  (time(18), 10),
  (time(23, 30), -1),
])
dateline.render_to_file("dates-time.svg")
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TimeDelta

import pygal
from datetime import timedelta

dateline = pygal.TimeDeltaLine(x_label_rotation=25)
dateline.add("Serie", [
  (timedelta(), 0),
  (timedelta(seconds=6), 5),
  (timedelta(minutes=11, seconds=59), 4),
  (timedelta(days=3, microseconds=30), 12),
  (timedelta(weeks=1), 10),
])
dateline.render_to_file("dates-timedelta.svg")
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Pie

Basic

简单的饼图

import pygal

pie_chart = pygal.Pie()
pie_chart.title = 'Browser usage in February 2012 (in %)'
pie_chart.add('IE', 19.5)
pie_chart.add('Firefox', 36.6)
pie_chart.add('Chrome', 36.3)
pie_chart.add('Safari', 4.5)
pie_chart.add('Opera', 2.3)
pie_chart.render_to_file("pie-basic.svg")
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Multi-series pie

相同的饼图,但分为子类别

import pygal

pie_chart = pygal.Pie()
pie_chart.title = 'Browser usage by version in February 2012 (in %)'
pie_chart.add('IE', [5.7, 10.2, 2.6, 1])
pie_chart.add('Firefox', [.6, 16.8, 7.4, 2.2, 1.2, 1, 1, 1.1, 4.3, 1])
pie_chart.add('Chrome', [.3, .9, 17.1, 15.3, .6, .5, 1.6])
pie_chart.add('Safari', [4.4, .1])
pie_chart.add('Opera', [.1, 1.6, .1, .5])
pie_chart.render_to_file("pie-multi-series.svg")
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Donut

可以指定内半径来获得甜甜圈

import pygal

# inner_radius内圆半径0和1之间
pie_chart = pygal.Pie(inner_radius=.5)
pie_chart.title = 'Browser usage in February 2012 (in %)'
pie_chart.add('IE', 19.5)
pie_chart.add('Firefox', 36.6)
pie_chart.add('Chrome', 36.3)
pie_chart.add('Safari', 4.5)
pie_chart.add('Opera', 2.3)
pie_chart.render_to_file("pie-donut.svg")
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Half pie

import pygal

# half_pie参数是指是否为半圆
pie_chart = pygal.Pie(half_pie=True)
pie_chart.title = 'Browser usage in February 2012 (in %)'
pie_chart.add('IE', 19.5)
pie_chart.add('Firefox', 36.6)
pie_chart.add('Chrome', 36.3)
pie_chart.add('Safari', 4.5)
pie_chart.add('Opera', 2.3)
pie_chart.render_to_file("pie-half.svg")
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Radar

Basic

简单的Kiviat图

import pygal

radar_chart = pygal.Radar()
radar_chart.title = 'V8 benchmark results'
radar_chart.x_labels = ['Richards', 'DeltaBlue', 'Crypto', 'RayTrace', 'EarleyBoyer', 'RegExp', 'Splay', 'NavierStokes']
radar_chart.add('Chrome', [6395, 8212, 7520, 7218, 12464, 1660, 2123, 8607])
radar_chart.add('Firefox', [7473, 8099, 11700, 2651, 6361, 1044, 3797, 9450])
radar_chart.add('Opera', [3472, 2933, 4203, 5229, 5810, 1828, 9013, 4669])
radar_chart.add('IE', [43, 41, 59, 79, 144, 136, 34, 102])
radar_chart.render_to_file("radar-basic.svg")
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或者也可以

import pygal

radar_chart = pygal.Radar(title='V8 benchmark results', width=600, height=500)
radar_chart.title = 'V8 benchmark results'
radar_chart.width = 600
radar_chart.height = 500
radar_chart.x_labels = ['Richards', 'DeltaBlue', 'Crypto', 'RayTrace', 'EarleyBoyer', 'RegExp', 'Splay', 'NavierStokes']
radar_chart.add('Chrome', [6395, 8212, 7520, 7218, 12464, 1660, 2123, 8607])
radar_chart.add('Firefox', [7473, 8099, 11700, 2651, 6361, 1044, 3797, 9450])
radar_chart.add('Opera', [3472, 2933, 4203, 5229, 5810, 1828, 9013, 4669])
radar_chart.add('IE', [43, 41, 59, 79, 144, 136, 34, 102])
radar_chart.render_to_file("radar-basic.svg")
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Box

Extremes (default)

import pygal

box_plot = pygal.Box()
box_plot.title = 'V8 benchmark results'
box_plot.add('Chrome', [6395, 8212, 7520, 7218, 12464, 1660, 2123, 8607])
box_plot.add('Firefox', [7473, 8099, 11700, 2651, 6361, 1044, 3797, 9450])
box_plot.add('Opera', [3472, 2933, 4203, 5229, 5810, 1828, 9013, 4669])
box_plot.add('IE', [43, 41, 59, 79, 144, 136, 34, 102])
box_plot.render_to_file("box-extremes.svg")
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1.5 interquartile range

import pygal

box_plot = pygal.Box(box_mode="1.5IQR")
box_plot.title = 'V8 benchmark results'
box_plot.add('Chrome', [6395, 8212, 7520, 7218, 12464, 1660, 2123, 8607])
box_plot.add('Firefox', [7473, 8099, 11700, 2651, 6361, 1044, 3797, 9450])
box_plot.add('Opera', [3472, 2933, 4203, 5229, 5810, 1828, 9013, 4669])
box_plot.add('IE', [43, 41, 59, 79, 144, 136, 34, 102])
box_plot.render_to_file("box-interquartile.svg")
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Dot

Basic

import pygal

dot_chart = pygal.Dot(x_label_rotation=30)
dot_chart.title = 'V8 benchmark results'
dot_chart.x_labels = ['Richards', 'DeltaBlue', 'Crypto', 'RayTrace', 'EarleyBoyer', 'RegExp', 'Splay', 'NavierStokes']
dot_chart.add('Chrome', [6395, 8212, 7520, 7218, 12464, 1660, 2123, 8607])
dot_chart.add('Firefox', [7473, 8099, 11700, 2651, 6361, 1044, 3797, 9450])
dot_chart.add('Opera', [3472, 2933, 4203, 5229, 5810, 1828, 9013, 4669])
dot_chart.add('IE', [43, 41, 59, 79, 144, 136, 34, 102])
dot_chart.render_to_file('dot-basic.svg')
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Negative

支持负数

import pygal

dot_chart = pygal.Dot(x_label_rotation=30)
dot_chart.add('Normal', [10, 50, 76, 80, 25])
dot_chart.add('With negatives', [0, -34, -29, 39, -75])
dot_chart.render_to_file('dot-negative.svg')
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Funnel

Basic

漏斗图

import pygal

funnel_chart = pygal.Funnel()
funnel_chart.title = 'V8 benchmark results'
funnel_chart.x_labels = ['Richards', 'DeltaBlue', 'Crypto', 'RayTrace', 'EarleyBoyer', 'RegExp', 'Splay', 'NavierStokes']
funnel_chart.add('Opera', [3472, 2933, 4203, 5229, 5810, 1828, 9013, 4669])
funnel_chart.add('Firefox', [7473, 8099, 11700, 2651, 6361, 1044, 3797, 9450])
funnel_chart.add('Chrome', [6395, 8212, 7520, 7218, 12464, 1660, 2123, 8607])
funnel_chart.render_to_file('funnel-basic.svg')
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SolidGauge

import pygal

gauge = pygal.SolidGauge(inner_radius=0.70)
# 百分格式
percent_formatter = lambda x: '{:.10g}%'.format(x)
# 美元格式
dollar_formatter = lambda x: '{:.10g}$'.format(x)
gauge.value_formatter = percent_formatter

gauge.add('Series 1', [{'value': 225000, 'max_value': 1275000}],
          formatter=dollar_formatter)
gauge.add('Series 2', [{'value': 110, 'max_value': 100}])
gauge.add('Series 3', [{'value': 3}])
gauge.add(
    'Series 4', [
        {'value': 51, 'max_value': 100},
        {'value': 12, 'max_value': 100}])
gauge.add('Series 5', [{'value': 79, 'max_value': 100}])
gauge.add('Series 6', 99)
gauge.add('Series 7', [{'value': 100, 'max_value': 100}])
gauge.render_to_file('solidgauge-normal.svg')
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Half

import pygal

gauge = pygal.SolidGauge(
    half_pie=True, inner_radius=0.70,
    style=pygal.style.styles['default'](value_font_size=10))

percent_formatter = lambda x: '{:.10g}%'.format(x)
dollar_formatter = lambda x: '{:.10g}$'.format(x)
gauge.value_formatter = percent_formatter

gauge.add('Series 1', [{'value': 225000, 'max_value': 1275000}],
          formatter=dollar_formatter)
gauge.add('Series 2', [{'value': 110, 'max_value': 100}])
gauge.add('Series 3', [{'value': 3}])
gauge.add(
    'Series 4', [
        {'value': 51, 'max_value': 100},
        {'value': 12, 'max_value': 100}])
gauge.add('Series 5', [{'value': 79, 'max_value': 100}])
gauge.add('Series 6', 99)
gauge.add('Series 7', [{'value': 100, 'max_value': 100}])
gauge.render_to_file('solidgauge-half.svg')
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Gauge

Basic

仪表图

import pygal

gauge_chart = pygal.Gauge(human_readable=True)
gauge_chart.title = 'DeltaBlue V8 benchmark results'
gauge_chart.range = [0, 10000]
gauge_chart.add('Chrome', 8212)
gauge_chart.add('Firefox', 8099)
gauge_chart.add('Opera', 2933)
gauge_chart.add('IE', 41)
gauge_chart.render_to_file('gauge-basic.svg')
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Pyramid

Basic

人口金字塔

import pygal

ages = [(364381, 358443, 360172, 345848, 334895, 326914, 323053, 312576, 302015, 301277, 309874, 318295, 323396, 332736, 330759, 335267, 345096, 352685, 368067, 381521, 380145, 378724, 388045, 382303, 373469, 365184, 342869, 316928, 285137, 273553, 250861, 221358, 195884, 179321, 171010, 162594, 152221, 148843, 143013, 135887, 125824, 121493, 115913, 113738, 105612, 99596, 91609, 83917, 75688, 69538, 62999, 58864, 54593, 48818, 44739, 41096, 39169, 36321, 34284, 32330, 31437, 30661, 31332, 30334, 23600, 21999, 20187, 19075, 16574, 15091, 14977, 14171, 13687, 13155, 12558, 11600, 10827, 10436, 9851, 9794, 8787, 7993, 6901, 6422, 5506, 4839, 4144, 3433, 2936, 2615),
   (346205, 340570, 342668, 328475, 319010, 312898, 308153, 296752, 289639, 290466, 296190, 303871, 309886, 317436, 315487, 316696, 325772, 331694, 345815, 354696, 354899, 351727, 354579, 341702, 336421, 321116, 292261, 261874, 242407, 229488, 208939, 184147, 162662, 147361, 140424, 134336, 126929, 125404, 122764, 116004, 105590, 100813, 95021, 90950, 85036, 79391, 72952, 66022, 59326, 52716, 46582, 42772, 38509, 34048, 30887, 28053, 26152, 23931, 22039, 20677, 19869, 19026, 18757, 18308, 14458, 13685, 12942, 12323, 11033, 10183, 10628, 10803, 10655, 10482, 10202, 10166, 9939, 10138, 10007, 10174, 9997, 9465, 9028, 8806, 8450, 7941, 7253, 6698, 6267, 5773),
   (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 23, 91, 412, 1319, 2984, 5816, 10053, 16045, 24240, 35066, 47828, 62384, 78916, 97822, 112738, 124414, 130658, 140789, 153951, 168560, 179996, 194471, 212006, 225209, 228886, 239690, 245974, 253459, 255455, 260715, 259980, 256481, 252222, 249467, 240268, 238465, 238167, 231361, 223832, 220459, 222512, 220099, 219301, 221322, 229783, 239336, 258360, 271151, 218063, 213461, 207617, 196227, 174615, 160855, 165410, 163070, 157379, 149698, 140570, 131785, 119936, 113751, 106989, 99294, 89097, 78413, 68174, 60592, 52189, 43375, 35469, 29648, 24575, 20863),
   (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 74, 392, 1351, 3906, 7847, 12857, 19913, 29108, 42475, 58287, 74163, 90724, 108375, 125886, 141559, 148061, 152871, 159725, 171298, 183536, 196136, 210831, 228757, 238731, 239616, 250036, 251759, 259593, 261832, 264864, 264702, 264070, 258117, 253678, 245440, 241342, 239843, 232493, 226118, 221644, 223440, 219833, 219659, 221271, 227123, 232865, 250646, 261796, 210136, 201824, 193109, 181831, 159280, 145235, 145929, 140266, 133082, 124350, 114441, 104655, 93223, 85899, 78800, 72081, 62645, 53214, 44086, 38481, 32219, 26867, 21443, 16899, 13680, 11508),
   (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 5, 17, 15, 31, 34, 38, 35, 45, 299, 295, 218, 247, 252, 254, 222, 307, 316, 385, 416, 463, 557, 670, 830, 889, 1025, 1149, 1356, 1488, 1835, 1929, 2130, 2362, 2494, 2884, 3160, 3487, 3916, 4196, 4619, 5032, 5709, 6347, 7288, 8139, 9344, 11002, 12809, 11504, 11918, 12927, 13642, 13298, 14015, 15751, 17445, 18591, 19682, 20969, 21629, 22549, 23619, 25288, 26293, 27038, 27039, 27070, 27750, 27244, 25905, 24357, 22561, 21794, 20595),
   (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 6, 8, 0, 8, 21, 34, 49, 84, 97, 368, 401, 414, 557, 654, 631, 689, 698, 858, 1031, 1120, 1263, 1614, 1882, 2137, 2516, 2923, 3132, 3741, 4259, 4930, 5320, 5948, 6548, 7463, 8309, 9142, 10321, 11167, 12062, 13317, 15238, 16706, 18236, 20336, 23407, 27024, 32502, 37334, 34454, 38080, 41811, 44490, 45247, 46830, 53616, 58798, 63224, 66841, 71086, 73654, 77334, 82062, 87314, 92207, 94603, 94113, 92753, 93174, 91812, 87757, 84255, 79723, 77536, 74173),
   (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 5, 0, 11, 35, 137, 331, 803, 1580, 2361, 3632, 4866, 6849, 8754, 10422, 12316, 14152, 16911, 19788, 22822, 27329, 31547, 35711, 38932, 42956, 46466, 49983, 52885, 55178, 56549, 57632, 57770, 57427, 56348, 55593, 55554, 53266, 51084, 49342, 48555, 47067, 45789, 44988, 44624, 44238, 46267, 46203, 36964, 33866, 31701, 28770, 25174, 22702, 21934, 20638, 19051, 17073, 15381, 13736, 11690, 10368, 9350, 8375, 7063, 6006, 5044, 4030, 3420, 2612, 2006, 1709, 1264, 1018),
   (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 6, 11, 20, 68, 179, 480, 1077, 2094, 3581, 5151, 7047, 9590, 12434, 15039, 17257, 19098, 21324, 24453, 27813, 32316, 37281, 43597, 49647, 53559, 58888, 62375, 67219, 70956, 73547, 74904, 75994, 76224, 74979, 72064, 70330, 68944, 66527, 63073, 60899, 60968, 58756, 57647, 56301, 57246, 57068, 59027, 59187, 47549, 44425, 40976, 38077, 32904, 29431, 29491, 28020, 26086, 24069, 21742, 19498, 17400, 15738, 14451, 13107, 11568, 10171, 8530, 7273, 6488, 5372, 4499, 3691, 3259, 2657)]

types = ['Males single', 'Females single',
         'Males married', 'Females married',
         'Males widowed', 'Females widowed',
         'Males divorced', 'Females divorced']

pyramid_chart = pygal.Pyramid(human_readable=True, legend_at_bottom=True)
pyramid_chart.title = 'England population by age in 2010 (source: ons.gov.uk)'
pyramid_chart.x_labels = map(lambda x: str(x) if not x % 5 else '', range(90))
for type, age in zip(types, ages):
    pyramid_chart.add(type, age)
pyramid_chart.render_to_file('pyramid-basic.svg')
复制代码

Treemap

Basic

树形图

import pygal

treemap = pygal.Treemap()
treemap.title = 'Binary TreeMap'
treemap.add('A', [2, 1, 12, 4, 2, 1, 1, 3, 12, 3, 4, None, 9])
treemap.add('B', [4, 2, 5, 10, 3, 4, 2, 7, 4, -10, None, 8, 3, 1])
treemap.add('C', [3, 8, 3, 3, 5, 3, 3, 5, 4, 12])
treemap.add('D', [23, 18])
treemap.add('E', [1, 2, 1, 2, 3, 3, 1, 2, 3,
      4, 3, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1])
treemap.add('F', [31])
treemap.add('G', [5, 9.3, 8.1, 12, 4, 3, 2])
treemap.add('H', [12, 3, 3])
treemap.render_to_file('treemap-basic.svg')
复制代码

Maps

World map

安装
pip install pygal_maps_world
复制代码
Countries
import pygal

worldmap_chart = pygal.maps.world.World()
worldmap_chart.title = 'Some countries'
worldmap_chart.add('C countries', ['cn', 'ca', 'ch', 'cg'])
worldmap_chart.add('F countries', ['fr', 'fi'])
worldmap_chart.add('M countries', ['ma', 'mc', 'md', 'me', 'mg',
                                   'mk', 'ml', 'mm', 'mn', 'mo',
                                   'mr', 'mt', 'mu', 'mv', 'mw',
                                   'mx', 'my', 'mz'])
worldmap_chart.add('U countries', ['ua', 'ug', 'us', 'uy', 'uz'])
worldmap_chart.render_to_file('world-map-countries.svg')
复制代码

Continents

访问各大洲

import pygal

supra = pygal.maps.world.SupranationalWorld()
supra.add('Asia', [('asia', 1)])
supra.add('Europe', [('europe', 1)])
supra.add('Africa', [('africa', 1)])
supra.add('North america', [('north_america', 1)])
supra.add('South america', [('south_america', 1)])
supra.add('Oceania', [('oceania', 1)])
supra.add('Antartica', [('antartica', 1)])
supra.render_to_file('world-map-continents.svg')
复制代码

国家代码列表
codeCountrycodeCountry
adAndorralaLao People’s Democratic Republic
aeUnited Arab EmirateslbLebanon
afAfghanistanliLiechtenstein
alAlbanialkSri Lanka
amArmenialrLiberia
aoAngolalsLesotho
aqAntarcticaltLithuania
arArgentinaluLuxembourg
atAustrialvLatvia
auAustralialyLibyan Arab Jamahiriya
azAzerbaijanmaMorocco
baBosnia and HerzegovinamcMonaco
bdBangladeshmdMoldova, Republic of
beBelgiummeMontenegro
bfBurkina FasomgMadagascar
bgBulgariamkMacedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of
bhBahrainmlMali
biBurundimmMyanmar
bjBeninmnMongolia
bnBrunei DarussalammoMacao
boBolivia, Plurinational State ofmrMauritania
brBrazilmtMalta
btBhutanmuMauritius
bwBotswanamvMaldives
byBelarusmwMalawi
bzBelizemxMexico
caCanadamyMalaysia
cdCongo, the Democratic Republic of themzMozambique
cfCentral African RepublicnaNamibia
cgCongoneNiger
chSwitzerlandngNigeria
ciCote d’IvoireniNicaragua
clChilenlNetherlands
cmCameroonnoNorway
cnChinanpNepal
coColombianzNew Zealand
crCosta RicaomOman
cuCubapaPanama
cvCape VerdepePeru
cyCypruspgPapua New Guinea
czCzech RepublicphPhilippines
deGermanypkPakistan
djDjiboutiplPoland
dkDenmarkprPuerto Rico
doDominican RepublicpsPalestine, State of
dzAlgeriaptPortugal
ecEcuadorpyParaguay
eeEstoniareReunion
egEgyptroRomania
ehWestern SahararsSerbia
erEritrearuRussian Federation
esSpainrwRwanda
etEthiopiasaSaudi Arabia
fiFinlandscSeychelles
frFrancesdSudan
gaGabonseSweden
gbUnited KingdomsgSingapore
geGeorgiashSaint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
gfFrench GuianasiSlovenia
ghGhanaskSlovakia
glGreenlandslSierra Leone
gmGambiasmSan Marino
gnGuineasnSenegal
gqEquatorial GuineasoSomalia
grGreecesrSuriname
gtGuatemalastSao Tome and Principe
guGuamsvEl Salvador
gwGuinea-BissausySyrian Arab Republic
gyGuyanaszSwaziland
hkHong KongtdChad
hnHondurastgTogo
hrCroatiathThailand
htHaititjTajikistan
huHungarytlTimor-Leste
idIndonesiatmTurkmenistan
ieIrelandtnTunisia
ilIsraeltrTurkey
inIndiatwTaiwan (Republic of China)
iqIraqtzTanzania, United Republic of
irIran, Islamic Republic ofuaUkraine
isIcelandugUganda
itItalyusUnited States
jmJamaicauyUruguay
joJordanuzUzbekistan
jpJapanvaHoly See (Vatican City State)
keKenyaveVenezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
kgKyrgyzstanvnViet Nam
khCambodiayeYemen
kpKorea, Democratic People’s Republic ofytMayotte
krKorea, Republic ofzaSouth Africa
kwKuwaitzmZambia
kzKazakhstanzwZimbabwe
洲代码列表
codename
asiaAsia
europeEurope
africaAfrica
north_americaNorth America
south_americaSouth America
oceaniaOceania
antarticaAntartica

END

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转载于:https://juejin.im/post/5bbaf6fef265da0ada525a5b

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