java vs_Java vs. C#-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_34158442/article/details/114468781

Java

Program Structure

package hello;

public class HelloWorld {

public static void main(String[] args) {

String name = "Java";

// See if an

argument was passed from the command line

if (args.length == 1)

name = args[0];

System.out.println("Hello, " + name

+ "!");

}

using System;

namespace Hello {

public class HelloWorld {

public static void Main(string[]

args) {

string name =

"C#";

See if an argument was passed from the command line

if (args.Length == 1)

name = args[0];

Console.WriteLine("Hello,

" + name + "!");

}

Java

Comments

// Single

line

/* Multiple

line */

/** Javadoc documentation comments */

// Single

line

/* Multiple

line */

/// XML comments on a single line

/** XML comments on multiple lines */

Java

Data Types

Primitive Types

boolean

byte

char

short, int, long

float, double

Reference Types

Object (superclass of all other

classes)

String

arrays, classes, interfaces

Conversions

// int to String

int x = 123;

String y = Integer.toString(x); // y

is "123"

// String to int

y = "456";

x = Integer.parseInt(y); // x

is 456

// double to int

double z = 3.5;

x = (int) z; //

x is 3 (truncates decimal)

Value Types

bool

byte, sbyte

char

short, ushort, int, uint, long, ulong

float, double, decimal

structures, enumerations

Reference Types

object (superclass of all

other classes)

string

arrays, classes, interfaces, delegates

Convertions

// int to string

int x = 123;

String y = x.ToString(); // y is

"123"

// string to int

y = "456";

x = int.Parse(y); // or x =

Convert.ToInt32(y);

// double to int

double z = 3.5;

x = (int) z; // x

is 3 (truncates decimal)

Java

Constants

// May be

initialized in a constructor

final double PI = 3.14;

const double PI = 3.14;

// Can be set to a const or a

variable. May be initialized in a constructor.

readonly int MAX_HEIGHT = 9;

Java

Enumerations

enum Action {Start, Stop, Rewind, Forward};

// Special type of class

enum Status {

Flunk(50), Pass(70), Excel(90);

private final int value;

Status(int value) { this.value = value; }

public int value() { return value; }

};

Action a = Action.Stop;

if (a != Action.Start)

System.out.println(a); // Prints "Stop"

Status s = Status.Pass;

System.out.println(s.value()); //

Prints "70"

enum Action {Start, Stop, Rewind, Forward};

enum Status {Flunk = 50, Pass = 70, Excel =

90};

No equivalent.

Action a = Action.Stop;

if (a != Action.Start)

Console.WriteLine(a); // Prints

"Stop"

Status s = Status.Pass;

Console.WriteLine((int) s); //

Prints "70"

Java

Operators

Comparison

== <= >= !=

Arithmetic

+ - * /

% (mod)

/ (integer division if both

operands are ints)

Math.Pow(x, y)

Assignment

= += -= *= /= %= &= |=

^= <<= >>= >>>= ++ --

Bitwise

& | ^ ~ <>

>>>

Logical

&& || & | ^ !

Note: && and || perform

short-circuit logical evaluations

String Concatenation

Comparison

== <= >= !=

Arithmetic

+ - * /

% (mod)

/ (integer division if both

operands are ints)

Math.Pow(x, y)

Assignment

= += -= *= /= %= &= |=

^= <<= >>= ++ --

Bitwise

& | ^ ~ <>

Logical

&& || & | ^ !

Note: && and || perform

short-circuit logical evaluations

String Concatenation

Java

Choices

greeting = age < 20 ? "What's

up?" : "Hello";

if(x < y)

System.out.println("greater");

if(x != 100) {

x *= 5;

y *= 2;

}

else

z *= 6;

int selection = 2;

switch (selection) { // Must be byte, short, int, char, or enum

case 1:

x++; // Falls through to next case if no break

case 2: y++; break;

case 3: z++; break;

default: other++;

}

greeting = age < 20 ? "What's

up?" : "Hello";

if(x < y)

Console.WriteLine("greater");

if(x != 100) {

x *= 5;

y *= 2;

}

else

z *= 6;

string color = "red";

switch (color) { // Can be any predefined type

case "red":

r++; break; // break is mandatory; no fall-through

case "blue":

b++; break;

case "green": g++; break;

default: other++; break; // break necessary on default

}

Java

Loops

while (i < 10)

i++;

for (i = 2; i <= 10; i += 2)

System.out.println(i);

i++;

while (i < 10);

for (int i : numArray) // foreach construct

sum += i;

// for loop can be used to iterate

through any Collection

import java.util.ArrayList;

ArrayList list = new ArrayList();

list.add(10); // boxing

converts to instance of Integer

list.add("Bisons");

list.add(2.3); // boxing

converts to instance of Double

for (Object o : list)

System.out.println(o);

while (i < 10)

i++;

for (i = 2; i <= 10; i += 2)

Console.WriteLine(i);

i++;

while (i < 10);

foreach (int i in numArray)

sum += i;

// foreach can be used to iterate

through any collection

using System.Collections;

ArrayList list = new ArrayList();

list.Add(10);

list.Add("Bisons");

list.Add(2.3);

foreach (Object o in list)

Console.WriteLine(o);

Java

Arrays

int nums[] = {1,

2, 3}; or

int[] nums = {1, 2, 3};

for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++)

System.out.println(nums[i]);

String names[] = new String[5];

names[0] = "David";

float twoD[][] = new float[rows][cols];

twoD[2][0] = 4.5;

int[][] jagged = new int[5][];

jagged[0] = new int[5];

jagged[1] = new int[2];

jagged[2] = new int[3];

jagged[0][4] = 5;

int[] nums =

{1, 2, 3};

for (int i = 0; i < nums.Length; i++)

Console.WriteLine(nums[i]);

string[] names = new string[5];

names[0] = "David";

float[,] twoD = new float[rows, cols];

twoD[2,0] = 4.5f;

int[][] jagged = new int[3][] {

new int[5], new int[2], new int[3] };

jagged[0][4] = 5;

Java

Functions

// Return single value

int Add(int x, int y) {

return x + y;

}

int sum = Add(2, 3);

// Return no value

void PrintSum(int x, int y) {

System.out.println(x + y);

}

PrintSum(2, 3);

// Primitive types and references

are always passed by valuevoid TestFunc(int x,

Point p) {

x++;

p.x++; // Modifying property of the object

p = null; //

Remove local reference to object

}

class Point {

public int x, y;

}

Point p = new Point();

p.x = 2;

int a = 1;

TestFunc(a, p);

System.out.println(a + " " + p.x + " " + (p == null)

); // 1 3 false

// Accept variable number of

arguments

int Sum(int ... nums) {

int sum = 0;

for (int i : nums)

sum += i;

return sum;

}

int total = Sum(4, 3, 2, 1); // returns 10

// Return single value

int Add(int x, int y) {

return x + y;

}

int sum = Add(2, 3);

// Return no value

void PrintSum(int x, int y) {

Console.WriteLine(x + y);

}

PrintSum(2, 3);

// Pass by value (default),

in/out-reference (ref), and out-reference (out)

void TestFunc(int x, ref int y, out int z,

Point p1, ref Point p2) {

x++; y++; z = 5;

p1.x++; // Modifying property of the object

p1 = null; //

Remove local reference to object

p2 = null; // Free

the object

}

class Point {

public int x, y;

}

Point p1 = new Point();

Point p2 = new Point();

p1.x = 2;

int a = 1, b = 1, c; // Output

param doesn't need initializing

TestFunc(a, ref b, out c, p1, ref p2);

Console.WriteLine("{0} {1} {2} {3} {4}",

a, b, c, p1.x, p2 == null); // 1 2 5 3 True

// Accept variable number of

arguments

int Sum(params int[] nums) {

int sum = 0;

foreach (int i in nums)

sum += i;

return sum;

}

int total = Sum(4, 3, 2, 1); // returns 10

Java

Strings

// String concatenation

String school = "Harding ";

school = school + "University"; // school is "Harding University"

// String comparison

String mascot = "Bisons";

if (mascot == "Bisons") // Not the correct way to do string comparisons

if (mascot.equals("Bisons")) // true

if (mascot.equalsIgnoreCase("BISONS")) // true

if (mascot.compareTo("Bisons") == 0) // true

System.out.println(mascot.substring(2,

5)); // Prints "son"

// My birthday: Oct 12, 1973

java.util.Calendar c = new java.util.GregorianCalendar(1973, 10, 12);

String s = String.format("My birthday: %1$tb %1$te, %1$tY", c);

// Mutable string

StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer("two

");

buffer.append("three ");

buffer.insert(0, "one ");

buffer.replace(4, 7, "TWO");

System.out.println(buffer); // Prints "one TWO three"

// String concatenation

string school = "Harding ";

school = school + "University"; // school is "Harding University"

// String comparison

string mascot = "Bisons";

if (mascot == "Bisons") // true

if (mascot.Equals("Bisons")) // true

if (mascot.ToUpper().Equals("BISONS")) // true

if (mascot.CompareTo("Bisons") == 0) // true

Console.WriteLine(mascot.Substring(2,

3)); // Prints

"son"

// My birthday: Oct 12, 1973

DateTime dt = new DateTime(1973, 10, 12);

string s = "My birthday: " + dt.ToString("MMM dd, yyyy");

// Mutable string

System.Text.StringBuilder buffer = new System.Text.StringBuilder("two

");

buffer.Append("three ");

buffer.Insert(0, "one ");

buffer.Replace("two", "TWO");

Console.WriteLine(buffer); // Prints "one TWO three"

Java

Exception Handling

// Must be in a method that is

declared to throw this exception

Exception ex = new Exception("Something is really wrong.");

throw ex;

try {

y = 0;

x = 10 / y;

} catch (Exception ex) {

System.out.println(ex.getMessage());

} finally {

// Code that always gets executed

}

Exception up = new Exception("Something is

really wrong.");

throw up; // ha ha

try {

y = 0;

x = 10 / y;

} catch (Exception ex) { // Variable "ex" is optional

Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);

} finally {

// Code that always gets executed

}

Java

Namespaces

package harding.compsci.graphics;

// Import single class

import harding.compsci.graphics.Rectangle;

// Import all classes

import harding.compsci.graphics.*;

namespace Harding.Compsci.Graphics {

...

}

namespace Harding {

namespace Compsci {

namespace Graphics {

...

}

// Import single class

using Rectangle = Harding.CompSci.Graphics.Rectangle;

// Import all class

using Harding.Compsci.Graphics;

Java

Classes / Interfaces

Accessibility keywords

public

private

protected

static

// Inheritance

class FootballGame extends Competition {

...

}

// Interface definition

interface IAlarmClock {

...

}

// Extending an interface

interface IAlarmClock extends IClock {

...

}

// Interface implementation

class WristWatch implements IAlarmClock, ITimer

{

...

}

Accessibility keywords

public

private

internal

protected

protected internal

static

// Inheritance

class FootballGame : Competition {

...

}

// Interface definition

interface IAlarmClock {

...

}

// Extending an interface

interface IAlarmClock : IClock {

...

}

// Interface implementation

class WristWatch : IAlarmClock, ITimer {

...

}

Java

Constructors /

Destructors

class SuperHero {

private int mPowerLevel;

public SuperHero() {

mPowerLevel = 0;

}

public SuperHero(int powerLevel) {

this.mPowerLevel= powerLevel;

}

// No destructors, just

override the finalize method

protected void finalize() throws Throwable {

super.finalize(); // Always call parent's finalizer

}

class SuperHero {

private int mPowerLevel;

public SuperHero() {

mPowerLevel = 0;

}

public SuperHero(int powerLevel) {

this.mPowerLevel= powerLevel;

}

~SuperHero() {

// Destructor code to

free unmanaged resources.

// Implicitly creates a Finalize method.

}

Java

Objects

SuperHero hero = new SuperHero();

hero.setName("SpamMan");

hero.setPowerLevel(3);

hero.Defend("Laura Jones");

SuperHero.Rest(); // Calling static method

SuperHero hero2 = hero; // Both refer to same object

hero2.setName("WormWoman");

System.out.println(hero.getName()); //

Prints WormWoman

hero = null; // Free the

object

if (hero == null)

hero = new SuperHero();

Object obj = new SuperHero();

System.out.println("object's type: " + obj.getClass().toString());

if (obj instanceof SuperHero)

System.out.println("Is a SuperHero object.");

SuperHero hero = new SuperHero();

hero.Name = "SpamMan";

hero.PowerLevel = 3;

hero.Defend("Laura Jones");

SuperHero.Rest(); // Calling

static method

SuperHero hero2 = hero; // Both refer to same object

hero2.Name = "WormWoman";

Console.WriteLine(hero.Name); //

Prints WormWoman

hero = null ; // Free the object

if (hero == null)

hero = new SuperHero();

Object obj = new SuperHero();

Console.WriteLine("object's type: " + obj.GetType().ToString());

if (obj is SuperHero)

Console.WriteLine("Is a SuperHero object.");

Java

Properties

private int mSize;

public int getSize() { return mSize;

}

public void setSize(int value) {

if (value < 0)

mSize = 0;

else

mSize = value;

}

int s = shoe.getSize();

shoe.setSize(s+1);

private int mSize;

public int Size {

get { return mSize; }

set {

if (value < 0)

mSize = 0;

else

mSize = value;

}

shoe.Size++;

Java

Structs

No structs in Java.

struct StudentRecord {

public string name;

public float gpa;

public StudentRecord(string name, float gpa) {

this.name = name;

this.gpa = gpa;

}

StudentRecord stu = new StudentRecord("Bob", 3.5f);

StudentRecord stu2 = stu;

stu2.name = "Sue";

Console.WriteLine(stu.name); // Prints "Bob"

Console.WriteLine(stu2.name); //

Prints "Sue"

Java

Console I/O

java.io.DataInput in =

new java.io.DataInputStream(System.in);

System.out.print("What is your name? ");

String name = in.readLine();

System.out.print("How old are you? ");

int age = Integer.parseInt(in.readLine());

System.out.println(name + " is " + age + " years old.");

int c = System.in.read(); //

Read single char

System.out.println(c); // Prints 65 if user enters "A"

// The studio costs $499.00 for 3

months.

System.out.printf("The %s costs $%.2f for %d months.%n",

"studio", 499.0, 3);

// Today is 06/25/04

System.out.printf("Today is %tD\n", new java.util.Date());

Console.Write("What's

your name? ");

string name = Console.ReadLine();

Console.Write("How old are you? ");

int age = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());

Console.WriteLine("{0} is {1} years old.", name, age);

// or

Console.WriteLine(name + " is " + age + " years old.");

int c = Console.Read(); // Read single char

Console.WriteLine(c); //

Prints 65 if user enters "A"

// The studio costs $499.00 for 3

months.

Console.WriteLine("The {0} costs {1:C} for {2} months.\n",

"studio", 499.0, 3);

// Today is 06/25/2004

Console.WriteLine("Today is " + DateTime.Now.ToShortDateString());

Java

File I/O

import java.io.*;

// Character stream writing

FileWriter writer = new FileWriter("c:\\myfile.txt");

writer.write("Out to file.\n");

writer.close();

// Character stream reading

FileReader reader = new FileReader("c:\\myfile.txt");

BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(reader);

String line = br.readLine();

while (line != null) {

System.out.println(line);

line = br.readLine();

}

reader.close();

// Binary stream writing

FileOutputStream out = new

FileOutputStream("c:\\myfile.dat");

out.write("Text data".getBytes());

out.write(123);

out.close();

// Binary stream reading

FileInputStream in = new

FileInputStream("c:\\myfile.dat");

byte buff[] = new byte[9];

in.read(buff, 0, 9); // Read first 9

bytes into buff

String s = new String(buff);

int num = in.read(); // Next is 123

in.close();

using System.IO;

// Character stream writing

StreamWriter writer =

File.CreateText("c:\\myfile.txt");

writer.WriteLine("Out to file.");

writer.Close();

// Character stream reading

StreamReader reader = File.OpenText("c:\\myfile.txt");

string line = reader.ReadLine();

while (line != null) {

Console.WriteLine(line);

line = reader.ReadLine();

}

reader.Close();

// Binary stream writing

BinaryWriter out = new

BinaryWriter(File.OpenWrite("c:\\myfile.dat"));

out.Write("Text data");

out.Write(123);

out.Close();

// Binary stream reading

BinaryReader in = new

BinaryReader(File.OpenRead("c:\\myfile.dat"));

string s = in.ReadString();

int num = in.ReadInt32();

in.Close();