shell编程3

最新推荐文章于 2024-01-16 09:30:32 发布

weixin_34168880

最新推荐文章于 2024-01-16 09:30:32 发布

阅读量118

点赞数

文章标签： shell 运维开发工具

原文链接：https://my.oschina.net/logmm/blog/1919860

版权

为什么80%的码农都做不了架构师？>>>

二十二、分发系统介绍

expect是一个免费的编程工具语言，用来实现自动和交互式任务进行通信，而无需人的干预。expect是在Tcl基础上创建起来的。

二十三、expect脚本远程登录

安装expect

[root@node2 ~]# yum install expect -y

远程登录脚本：

[root@node2 ~]# vim remotelogin.expect
#!/usr/bin/expect

set host "192.168.10.205"
set passwd "123456"

spawn ssh root@$host

expect {
  "yes/no" { send "yes\r";exp_continue }
  "assword:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
interact

执行脚本：

[root@node2 ~]# chmod +x remotelogin.expect
[root@node2 ~]# ./remotelogin.expect
spawn ssh root@192.168.10.205
The authenticity of host '192.168.10.205 (192.168.10.205)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:bfXUezrOQimsSXepM09lXgx/Pol5MJvtvgOU7K+wdWQ.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:a2:9c:64:2f:7b:2b:93:26:fa:d6:b1:48:5a:6d:d8:42.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.10.205' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.10.205's password: 
Last login: Fri Jul 20 23:13:17 2018 from 192.168.10.1
[root@node1 ~]#

OK，登录成功。

二十四、expect脚本远程执行命令

脚本如下：

[root@node2 ~]# vim expectdemo01.expect
#!/usr/bin/expect

set user "root"
set passwd "123456"
set host "192.168.10.205"

spawn ssh $user@$host

expect {
   "yes/no" { send "yes\r";exp_continue }
   "password:" { send "$passwd\r"}
}

expect "]*"
send "touch /tmp/12.txt\r"
expect "]*"
send "echo haha > /tmp/12.txt\r"
expect "]*"
send "exit\r"

执行：

[root@node2 ~]# chmod +x expectdemo01.expect
[root@node2 ~]# ./expectdemo01.expect 
spawn ssh root@192.168.10.205
root@192.168.10.205's password: 
Last login: Sat Jul 21 17:46:55 2018 from 192.168.10.206
[root@node1 ~]# touch /tmp/12.txt
[root@node1 ~]# echo haha > /tmp/12.txt
[root@node1 ~]# [root@node2 ~]#

该脚本远程登录192.168.10.205，创建/tmp/12.txt文件，然后退出。

二十五、expect脚本传递参数

脚本：

#!/usr/bin/expect

set user [lindex $argv 0]
set host [lindex $argv 1]
set passwd "123456"
set cm [lindex $argv 2]
spawn ssh $user@$host

expect {
   "yes/no" { send "yes\r";exp_continue }
   "password:" { send "$passwd\r"}
}

expect "]*"
send "$cm\r"
set timeout 5
expect "]*"
send "exit\r"

set timeout 5：设置超时时间，如是-1则不会超时

执行脚本：

[root@node2 ~]# chmod +x expectdemo02.expect
[root@node2 ~]# ./expectdemo02.expect root 192.168.10.205 ls
spawn ssh root@192.168.10.205
Last login: Sat Jul 21 20:06:38 2018 from 192.168.10.206
[root@node1 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg              mariadb-10.3.7         php-7.2.7         zabbix-3.4.11
auto_install_zabbix_lnmp.sh  mariadb-10.3.7.tar.gz  php-7.2.7.tar.gz  zabbix-3.4.11.tar.gz
libmcrypt-2.5.8              nginx-1.14.0           py
libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz       nginx-1.14.0.tar.gz    Python-3.7.0.tgz
[root@node1 ~]# [root@node2 ~]#

OK，执行成功。

二十六、expect脚本同步文件

脚本：

[root@node2 ~]# vim expectdemo03.expect
#!/usr/bin/expect

set passwd "123456"

spawn rsync -av root@192.168.10.205:/tmp/12.txt /tmp/

expect {
    "yes/no" { send "yes\r";exp_continue }
    "password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}

expect eof

执行：

[root@node2 ~]# chmod +x expectdemo03.expect
[root@node2 ~]# ./expectdemo03.expect
spawn rsync -av root@192.168.10.205:/tmp/12.txt /tmp/
receiving incremental file list
12.txt

sent 43 bytes  received 96 bytes  92.67 bytes/sec
total size is 5  speedup is 0.04
expect: spawn id exp6 not open
    while executing
"expect eof"
    (file "./expectdemo03.expect" line 12)
[root@node2 ~]#

二十七、expect脚本指定host和要同步的文件

脚本：

[root@node2 ~]# vim expectdemo04.expect
#!/usr/bin/expect

set passwd "123456"
set host [lindex $argv 0]
set file [lindex $argv 1]

spawn rsync -av $file root@$host:$file

expect {
    "yes/no" {  send "yes\r" }
    "password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
expect eof

测试执行：

[root@node2 ~]# chmod +x expectdemo04.expect
[root@node2 ~]# ./expectdemo04.expect  192.168.10.205 /root/for.sh 
spawn rsync -av /root/for.sh root@192.168.10.205:/root/for.sh
sending incremental file list
for.sh

sent 174 bytes  received 35 bytes  139.33 bytes/sec
total size is 82  speedup is 0.39
expect: spawn id exp6 not open
    while executing
"expect eof"
    (file "./expectdemo04.expect" line 13)
[root@node2 ~]#

登录192.168.10.205看看：

[root@node2 ~]# ssh 192.168.10.205
Last login: Sat Jul 21 20:28:17 2018 from 192.168.10.206
[root@node1 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg              libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz  nginx-1.14.0.tar.gz  Python-3.7.0.tgz
auto_install_zabbix_lnmp.sh  mariadb-10.3.7          php-7.2.7            zabbix-3.4.11
for.sh                       mariadb-10.3.7.tar.gz   php-7.2.7.tar.gz     zabbix-3.4.11.tar.gz
libmcrypt-2.5.8              nginx-1.14.0            py
[root@node1 ~]#

OK，for.sh文件已同步过来

二十八、expect传输ssh公钥

1、生成密钥对

[root@node2 ~]# ssh-keygen 
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:lj4GyvqmmHzJbY4KlK2xLXP54/bXptI20iHB8xipdkQ root@node2
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|                 |
|       E         |
|      o .        |
|  o    B .       |
| + .  + S        |
|. =..+ B o       |
|.=.+* . B o      |
|oo+=+= + B o     |
|oo==*+o.=.+      |
+----[SHA256]-----+
[root@node2 ~]#

2、将公钥传给远程客户端

脚本：

#!/usr/bin/expect

set host "192.168.10.205"
set passwd "123456"
spawn ssh-copy-id $host

expect {
     "yes/no" { send "yes\r";exp_continue }
     "password:" { send "$passwd\r"}
}
interact

执行脚本：

[root@node2 ~]# chmod +x ssh.expect 
[root@node2 ~]# ./ssh.expect 
spawn ssh-copy-id 192.168.10.205
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@192.168.10.205's password: 

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh '192.168.10.205'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

[root@node2 ~]#

3、测试：

[root@node2 ~]# ssh 192.168.10.205
Last login: Sat Jul 21 19:52:45 2018 from 192.168.10.206
[root@node1 ~]#

OK，可以免密登录了。

二十九、构建文件分发系统

需求背景：对于大公司而言，肯定时不时会有网站或配置文件更新，而且使用的机器也好几台，所以，自动同步文件就至关重要了。

实现思路：首先有一台模版机器，把要分发的文件准备好，然后使用expect脚本批量把需要的文件分发到目标机器即可。

核心命令：rsync -avR --files-from=list.txt / root@host：/

1、expect脚本：

[root@node2 ~]# vim expectdemo05.expect
#!/usr/bin/expect

set passwd "123456"
set host [lindex $argv 0]
set file [lindex $argv 1]

spawn rsync -avR --files-from=$file / root@$host:/

expect {
   "yes/no" { send "yes\r"}
   "password:" { send "$passwd\r"}
}
expect eof

[root@node2 ~]# chmod +x expectdemo05.expect

2、需要同步的文件列表：

list.txt内容：该文件的内容放的是文件的绝对路径

[root@node2 ~]# vim /tmp/list.txt
/tmp/12.txt
/root/for.sh
/root/expectdemo01.expect
/root/expectdemo02.expect
/root/expectdemo03.expect
/root/expectdemo04.expect

3、ip列表：ip.txt，存放的是ip

[root@node2 ~]# vim /tmp/ip.txt
192.168.10.205
192.168.10.200

4、创建遍历ip列表的脚本

[root@node2 ~]# vim rsync.sh
#!/bin/bash

for rip in `cat /tmp/ip.txt`
do
    echo $rip
    ./expectdemo05.expect $rip /tmp/list.txt
done

执行该脚本：

[root@node2 ~]# sh rsync.sh 
192.168.10.205
spawn rsync -av --files-from=/tmp/list.txt / root@192.168.10.205:/
building file list ... done
root/
tmp/

sent 237 bytes  received 22 bytes  518.00 bytes/sec
total size is 1,089  speedup is 4.20
expect: spawn id exp6 not open
    while executing
"expect eof"
    (file "./expectdemo05.expect" line 13)
192.168.10.200
spawn rsync -av --files-from=/tmp/list.txt / root@192.168.10.200:/
root@192.168.10.200's password: 
building file list ... done
root/
tmp/

sent 237 bytes  received 22 bytes  172.67 bytes/sec
total size is 1,089  speedup is 4.20
[root@node2 ~]#

三十、批量远程执行命令

1、expect脚本：

[root@node2 ~]# vim exec.expect
#!/usr/bin/expect

set host [lindex $argv 0]
set passwd "123456"
set cm [lindex $argv 1]

spawn ssh root@$host

expect { 
   "yes/no" { send "yes\r"}
   "password:" { send "$passwd\r"}
}
expect "]*"
send "$cm\r"
expect "]*"
send "exit\r"
[root@node2 ~]# chmod +x exec.expect

2、shell脚本

[root@node2 ~]# vim exec.sh
#!/bin/bash

for rip in `cat /tmp/ip.txt`
do
   echo $rip
   ./exec.expect $rip "hostname"
done

执行脚本：

[root@node2 ~]# sh exec.sh
192.168.10.205
spawn ssh root@192.168.10.205
Last login: Sat Jul 21 21:01:41 2018 from 192.168.10.206
[root@node1 ~]# hostname
node1
[root@node1 ~]# 192.168.10.200
spawn ssh root@192.168.10.200
root@192.168.10.200's password: 
Last failed login: Sat Jul 21 20:59:02 CST 2018 from 192.168.10.206 on ssh:notty
There were 2 failed login attempts since the last successful login.
Last login: Fri Jul 20 23:05:56 2018 from 192.168.10.1
[root@node3 ~]# hostname
node3
[root@node3 ~]# [root@node2 ~]#