1.线程池的好处
合理利用线程池能够带来三个好处:
-
降低资源消耗
-
提高响应速度
-
提高线程的可管理性
2.线程池的使用
我们可以通过ThreadPoolExecutor来创建一个线程池:
new ThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, milliseconds,runnableTaskQueue, handler);
创建一个线程池需要输入几个参数:
-
corePoolSize - 线程池的基本大小
-
maximumPoolSize -线程池最大大小
-
keepAliveTime - 线程活动保持时间
-
runableTaskQueue - 任务队列
3.线程池工作原理
通过线程池的处理流程如下:
1.首先线程池判断基本线程池是否已满?没满,创建一个工作线程来执行任务。满了,则进入下个流程
2.其次线程池判断工作队列是否已满?没满,则将新提交的任务存储在工作队列里。满了,则进入下个流程
3.最后线程池判断整个线程池是否已满? 没满, 则创建一个新的工作线程来执行任务, 满了则交给饱和策略来处理任务
4.线程池的四种实现
Java通过Executors提供了四种线程池:
-
newCachedThreadPool 创建一个可缓存的线程池, 如果线程池长度超过处理需要,可灵活回收空闲线程,若无可回收,则新建线程
newCacheThreadPool源代码分析如下:
public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool() {
return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>());
}
实现的是SynchronousQueue
-
newFixThreadPool: 创建一个定长线程池,可控制线程最大并发数,超出的线程会在队列中等待
newFixThreadPool源代码:
-
public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads) { return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads, 0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS, new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>()); }
-
newScheduledTheadPool:创建一个定长线程池, 支持定时及周期任务执行
newScheduledThreadPool源代码分析:
public static ScheduledExecutorService newScheduledThreadPool(int corePoolSize) {
return new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize);
}
-
newSingleThreadPool:创建一个单线程化的线程池
public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor() {
return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService
(new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1,
0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>()));
}
项目中使用
public class ThreadPoolTest {
static class ExecutePrint implements Task {
@Override
public String getName() {
return "threadpool";
}
@Override
public void shutdown() {
}
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("hello world");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(10, 10, 10, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(5000), new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());
threadPoolExecutor.submit(new ExecutePrint());
}
}
public class ThreadPoolTest2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
//ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
//ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(10);
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
for(int i =0; i <10;i++){
final int index = i;
try {
Thread.sleep(index*1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
executorService.execute(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(index);
}
});
}
}
}