union索引合并算法

/*
  Get best plan for a SEL_IMERGE disjunctive expression.
  SYNOPSIS
    get_best_disjunct_quick()
      param     Parameter from check_quick_select function
      imerge    Expression to use
      cost_est  Don't create scans with cost > cost_est

  NOTES
    index_merge cost is calculated as follows:
    index_merge_cost =
      cost(index_reads) +         (see #1)
      cost(rowid_to_row_scan) +   (see #2)
      cost(unique_use)            (see #3)

    1. cost(index_reads) =SUM_i(cost(index_read_i))
       For non-CPK scans,
         cost(index_read_i) = {cost of ordinary 'index only' scan}
       For CPK scan,
         cost(index_read_i) = {cost of non-'index only' scan}

    2. cost(rowid_to_row_scan)
      If table PK is clustered then
        cost(rowid_to_row_scan) =
          {cost of ordinary clustered PK scan with n_ranges=n_rows}

      Otherwise, we use the following model to calculate costs:
      We need to retrieve n_rows rows from file that occupies n_blocks blocks.
      We assume that offsets of rows we need are independent variates with
      uniform distribution in [0..max_file_offset] range.

      We'll denote block as "busy" if it contains row(s) we need to retrieve
      and "empty" if doesn't contain rows we need.

      Probability that a block is empty is (1 - 1/n_blocks)^n_rows (this
      applies to any block in file). Let x_i be a variate taking value 1 if
      block #i is empty and 0 otherwise.

      Then E(x_i) = (1 - 1/n_blocks)^n_rows;

      E(n_empty_blocks) = E(sum(x_i)) = sum(E(x_i)) =
        = n_blocks * ((1 - 1/n_blocks)^n_rows) =
       ~= n_blocks * exp(-n_rows/n_blocks).

      E(n_busy_blocks) = n_blocks*(1 - (1 - 1/n_blocks)^n_rows) =
       ~= n_blocks * (1 - exp(-n_rows/n_blocks)).

      Average size of "hole" between neighbor non-empty blocks is
           E(hole_size) = n_blocks/E(n_busy_blocks).

      The total cost of reading all needed blocks in one "sweep" is:

        E(n_busy_blocks) * disk_seek_cost(n_blocks/E(n_busy_blocks))

      This cost estimate is calculated in get_sweep_read_cost().

    3. Cost of Unique use is calculated in Unique::get_use_cost function.

  ROR-union cost is calculated in the same way index_merge, but instead of
  Unique a priority queue is used.

  RETURN
    Created read plan
    NULL - Out of memory or no read scan could be built.
*/
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转载于:https://juejin.im/post/5c2e0888518825444612f06d