WMI(Windows Management Instrumentation)是Windows下可以与系统信息(包括软硬件等)的一个管理框架,通过WMI可以很方便地对机器进行管理。现在以通过WMI来打开(或创建)一个记事本(notepad.exe)进程为例,看看VC++到.Net的变迁,一览.Net是如何让程序员从繁琐晦涩的程序中解放出来。
1、预工作:
VC++中需要在源代码中加入:
#include <Wbemidl.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "wbemuuid.lib")
VC#中需要:
在工程中添加引用:System.Management
在代码中加入using System.Management;
2、流程:
VC++的代码,需要6步和查询返回值、最后释放资源:
//
Step 1: --------------------------------------------------
//
Initialize COM. ------------------------------------------
hres
=
CoInitializeEx(
0
, COINIT_MULTITHREADED);
//
Step 2: --------------------------------------------------
//
Set general COM security levels --------------------------
hres
=
CoInitializeSecurity(
NULL,
-
1
,
//
COM negotiates service
NULL,
//
Authentication services
NULL,
//
Reserved
RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_DEFAULT,
//
Default authentication
RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE,
//
Default Impersonation
NULL,
//
Authentication info
EOAC_NONE,
//
Additional capabilities
NULL
//
Reserved
);
//
Step 3: ---------------------------------------------------
//
Obtain the initial locator to WMI -------------------------
IWbemLocator
*
pLoc
=
NULL;
hres
=
CoCreateInstance(
CLSID_WbemLocator,
0
,
CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,
IID_IWbemLocator, (LPVOID
*
)
&
pLoc);
//
Step 4: ---------------------------------------------------
//
Connect to WMI through the IWbemLocator::ConnectServer method
IWbemServices
*
pSvc
=
NULL;
//
Connect to the local root\cimv2 namespace
//
and obtain pointer pSvc to make IWbemServices calls.
hres
=
pLoc
->
ConnectServer(
_bstr_t(L
"
ROOT\\CIMV2
"
),
NULL,
NULL,
0
,
NULL,
0
,
0
,
&
pSvc
);
//
Step 5: --------------------------------------------------
//
Set security levels for the proxy ------------------------
hres
=
CoSetProxyBlanket(
pSvc,
//
Indicates the proxy to set
RPC_C_AUTHN_WINNT,
//
RPC_C_AUTHN_xxx
RPC_C_AUTHZ_NONE,
//
RPC_C_AUTHZ_xxx
NULL,
//
Server principal name
RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_CALL,
//
RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_xxx
RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE,
//
RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_xxx
NULL,
//
client identity
EOAC_NONE
//
proxy capabilities
);
//
Step 6: --------------------------------------------------
//
Use the IWbemServices pointer to make requests of WMI ----
//
set up to call the Win32_Process::Create method
BSTR MethodName
=
SysAllocString(L
"
Create
"
);
BSTR ClassName
=
SysAllocString(L
"
Win32_Process
"
);
![None.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
IWbemClassObject
*
pClass
=
NULL;
hres
=
pSvc
->
GetObject(ClassName,
0
, NULL,
&
pClass, NULL);
![None.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
IWbemClassObject
*
pInParamsDefinition
=
NULL;
hres
=
pClass
->
GetMethod(MethodName,
0
,
&
pInParamsDefinition, NULL);
![None.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
IWbemClassObject
*
pClassInstance
=
NULL;
hres
=
pInParamsDefinition
->
SpawnInstance(
0
,
&
pClassInstance);
![None.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
//
Create the values for the in parameters
VARIANT varCommand;
varCommand.vt
=
VT_BSTR;
varCommand.bstrVal
=
L
"
notepad.exe
"
;
//
Store the value for the in parameters
hres
=
pClassInstance
->
Put(L
"
CommandLine
"
,
0
,
&
varCommand,
0
);
wprintf(L
"
The command is: %s\n
"
, V_BSTR(
&
varCommand));
![None.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
//
Execute Method
IWbemClassObject
*
pOutParams
=
NULL;
hres
=
pSvc
->
ExecMethod(ClassName, MethodName,
0
, NULL, pClassInstance,
&
pOutParams, NULL);
//
Get return value
VARIANT varReturnValue;
hres
=
pOutParams
->
Get(_bstr_t(L
"
ReturnValue
"
),
0
,
&
varReturnValue, NULL,
0
);
![None.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
//
Last: c
lean up
VariantClear(
&
varCommand);
VariantClear(
&
varReturnValue);
SysFreeString(ClassName);
SysFreeString(MethodName);
pClass
->
Release();
pInParamsDefinition
->
Release();
pOutParams
->
Release();
pLoc
->
Release();
pSvc
->
Release();
CoUninitialize();
VC#只需寥寥数行就可以实现(暂不考虑错误处理):
跳过VC++中的Step1~5,直接从Step6开始。而且非常直观:
ManagementClass mc
=
new
ManagementClass(
"
Win32_Process
"
);
ManagementBaseObject obj
=
mc.GetMethodParameters(
"
Create
"
);
obj[
"
CommandLine
"
]
=
"
notepad.exe
"
;
mc.InvokeMethod(
"
Create
"
, obj,
null
);
mc.Dispose();
.Net对WMI良好的封装,还有对字符串的更强支持、方便的垃圾回收机制,使程序既一目了然,又易于维护。其实类似的区别在VC vs VB年代已经出现了(特别是在COM组件编写和调用方面可以看出),从这点也可以看出.Net完全继承了VB易学易用的特性,又不失强大的功能。