【Laravel-海贼王系列】第四章，Kernel 类解析

我们将进入 Kernel 的世界看看laravel是怎么启动的。

头部申明

namespace App\Http;

use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Kernel as HttpKernel;

class Kernel extends HttpKernel // 继承于Http内核
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成员变量

  自身成员
    protected $middleware = [
        \App\Http\Middleware\CheckForMaintenanceMode::class,
        \Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\ValidatePostSize::class,
        \App\Http\Middleware\TrimStrings::class,
        \Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\ConvertEmptyStringsToNull::class,
        \App\Http\Middleware\TrustProxies::class,
    ]; // 应用全局中间件,运行于每一个请求
    
    protected $middlewareGroups = [
        'web' => [
            \App\Http\Middleware\EncryptCookies::class,
            \Illuminate\Cookie\Middleware\AddQueuedCookiesToResponse::class,
            \Illuminate\Session\Middleware\StartSession::class,
            // \Illuminate\Session\Middleware\AuthenticateSession::class,
            \Illuminate\View\Middleware\ShareErrorsFromSession::class,
            \App\Http\Middleware\VerifyCsrfToken::class,
            \Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\SubstituteBindings::class,
        ],

        'api' => [
            'throttle:60,1',
            'bindings',
        ],
    ]; // 应用路由中间件组

    protected $routeMiddleware = [
        'auth' => \App\Http\Middleware\Authenticate::class,
        'auth.basic' => \Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\AuthenticateWithBasicAuth::class,
        'bindings' => \Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\SubstituteBindings::class,
        'cache.headers' => \Illuminate\Http\Middleware\SetCacheHeaders::class,
        'can' => \Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\Authorize::class,
        'guest' => \App\Http\Middleware\RedirectIfAuthenticated::class,
        'signed' => \Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\ValidateSignature::class,
        'throttle' => \Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\ThrottleRequests::class,
        'verified' => \Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\EnsureEmailIsVerified::class,
    ];// 应用路由中间件,可以分配给组也可以单独
    
    protected $middlewarePriority = [
        \Illuminate\Session\Middleware\StartSession::class,
        \Illuminate\View\Middleware\ShareErrorsFromSession::class,
        \App\Http\Middleware\Authenticate::class,
        \Illuminate\Session\Middleware\AuthenticateSession::class,
        \Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\SubstituteBindings::class,
        \Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\Authorize::class,
    ];  // 强制非全局中间件始终按给定顺序。

  继承Http Kernel成员
    protected $app; // Application实例
    protected $router; // \Illuminate\Routing\Router 路由实例
    protected $bootstrappers = [
        \Illuminate\Foundation\Bootstrap\LoadEnvironmentVariables::class,
        \Illuminate\Foundation\Bootstrap\LoadConfiguration::class,
        \Illuminate\Foundation\Bootstrap\HandleExceptions::class,
        \Illuminate\Foundation\Bootstrap\RegisterFacades::class,
        \Illuminate\Foundation\Bootstrap\RegisterProviders::class,
        \Illuminate\Foundation\Bootstrap\BootProviders::class,
    ]; // 应用需要引导的类
    
    protected $middleware = []; // 应用中间件堆栈
    
    protected $middlewareGroups = []; // 应用中间件组
    
    protected $routeMiddleware = []; // 路由中间件
    
    protected $middlewarePriority = [
        \Illuminate\Session\Middleware\StartSession::class,
        \Illuminate\View\Middleware\ShareErrorsFromSession::class,
        \Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\Authenticate::class,
        \Illuminate\Session\Middleware\AuthenticateSession::class,
        \Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\SubstituteBindings::class,
        \Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\Authorize::class,
    ]; // 强制非全局中间件始终按给定顺序。
    
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构造函数(继承自http kernel)

public function __construct(Application $app, Router $router) 
    
    // 通过容器的build方法自动找出所有的依赖进行实例化传入。
    // 调用链是 $app->make()到$container->make(),$container->resolve(),$container->build()。

    {
        $this->app = $app;
        
         // 将实例化的路由对象赋值给成员
        $this->router = $router;

        // 将中间件强制顺序组传给路由
        $router->middlewarePriority = $this->middlewarePriority;

        foreach ($this->middlewareGroups as $key => $middleware) {
            $router->middlewareGroup($key, $middleware);
        } // 遍历所有中间件组传给路由的组对应

        foreach ($this->routeMiddleware as $key => $middleware) {
            $router->aliasMiddleware($key, $middleware);
        } // 遍历成员,将值赋值给路由别名
    }
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构造完成之后将获得一个包含路由和中间件的内核对象, 接着我们解析内核的重要方法。

主要方法解析

public function handle($request) // 接收一个 Illuminate\Http\Request 请求对象
    {
        try {
            // 启用http方法参数覆盖,可能导致CSRF攻击。
            $request->enableHttpMethodParameterOverride(); 
            
            // 下面解析这个方法
            $response = $this->sendRequestThroughRouter($request); 
        } catch (Exception $e) {
            $this->reportException($e);

            $response = $this->renderException($request, $e);
        } catch (Throwable $e) {
            $this->reportException($e = new FatalThrowableError($e));

            $response = $this->renderException($request, $e);
        } // 异常处理相关

        $this->app['events']->dispatch(
            new Events\RequestHandled($request, $response)
        ); 
        // 由于容器继承了ArrayAccess此处的$this->app['events']会转到容器的__get()方法,
        // __get()会调用容器的offsetGet('events')方法中解析出events实例。这涉及ArrayAccess类的特性。
        // 这里实现了触发一个RequestHandled的事件

        return $response;
    }
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protected function sendRequestThroughRouter($request)
    {
        $this->app->instance('request', $request); // 将request实例放入app的$instances成员

        Facade::clearResolvedInstance('request'); // 清理已经解析成员中对应的request的值。

        $this->bootstrap(); 
        // 开始启动引导,传入$bootstrappers成员给app对象的bootstrapWith(array $bootstrappers)方法,
        // 这里主要做了几件事
        // 1.触发应用启动前listen的同名事件
        // 2.从容器中make出实例并且调用本身的bootstrap()方法来启动。
        // 这里涉及到的类
        \Illuminate\Foundation\Bootstrap\LoadEnvironmentVariables::class,载入环境变量env
        \Illuminate\Foundation\Bootstrap\LoadConfiguration::class,// 载入config文件夹下的配置文件
        \Illuminate\Foundation\Bootstrap\HandleExceptions::class,// make php异常处理和相关报告
        \Illuminate\Foundation\Bootstrap\RegisterFacades::class, // make 所有的门面app.aliases和PackageManifest::class)->aliases()中的类
        \Illuminate\Foundation\Bootstrap\RegisterProviders::class,// make config下app.providers中的类
        \Illuminate\Foundation\Bootstrap\BootProviders::class,// 调用app自身的boot(),触发所有的$bootingCallbacks回调,调用$serviceProviders所有的类的boot方法,触发所有的bootedCallbacks回调。
        // 3.触发应用启动后listen的同名事件
        // 这里将通过app和容器来加载env,config目录下的文件,设置php异常配置,加载config/app.php配置的门面类,加载config/app.php服务提供者类,最后启动app对象自身boot();
        

        return (new Pipeline($this->app))
                    ->send($request)
                    ->through($this->app->shouldSkipMiddleware() ? [] : $this->middleware)
                    ->then($this->dispatchToRouter());
                    // 通过管道来处理中间件,然后将处理后的请求又路由转发,最后得到response对象。
    
    }
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终止应用
public function terminate($request, $response)
    {
        $this->terminateMiddleware($request, $response); // 开始遍历所有中间件中的终止方法,如果有则立即调用。

        $this->app->terminate();
        // 调用app对象$terminatingCallbacks中的所有回调
    }
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总结来说,内核主要是处理请求,终止请求的功能。 其中还包括了加载app的一些必要的服务,比如配置,异常等类都是 在内核的handler过程中加载的。还包含了路由对请求的转发,以及通过管道来发送请求是通过中间件等等。