设备驱动中的class（kernel-4.7）

设备驱动中bus代表实际的总线，device代表实际的设备和接口，而device_driver则对应存在的驱动。而class，是设备类，完全是抽象出来的概念，没有对应的实体。所谓设备类，是指提供的用户接口相似的一类设备的集合，常见的设备类的有block、tty、input、usb等等。

struct class就是设备驱动模型中通用的设备类结构。
class对应的代码在drivers/base/class.c中，对应的头文件在include/Linux/device.h和drivers/base/base.h中。还是先来看class涉及的结构：

/**
 * struct class - device classes
 * @name:   Name of the class.
 * @owner:  The module owner.
 * @class_attrs: Default attributes of this class.
 * @dev_groups: Default attributes of the devices that belong to the class.
 * @dev_kobj:   The kobject that represents this class and links it into the hierarchy.
 * @dev_uevent: Called when a device is added, removed from this class, or a
 *      few other things that generate uevents to add the environment
 *      variables.
 * @devnode:    Callback to provide the devtmpfs.
 * @class_release: Called to release this class.
 * @dev_release: Called to release the device.
 * @suspend:    Used to put the device to sleep mode, usually to a low power
 *      state.
 * @resume: Used to bring the device from the sleep mode.
 * @ns_type:    Callbacks so sysfs can detemine namespaces.
 * @namespace:  Namespace of the device belongs to this class.
 * @pm:     The default device power management operations of this class.
 * @p:      The private data of the driver core, no one other than the
 *      driver core can touch this.
 *
 * A class is a higher-level view of a device that abstracts out low-level
 * implementation details. Drivers may see a SCSI disk or an ATA disk, but,
 * at the class level, they are all simply disks. Classes allow user space
 * to work with devices based on what they do, rather than how they are
 * connected or how they work.
 */
struct class {
   
    const char      *name;//代表类名称,和bus/device/driver中的名称一样，是初始名称，实际使用的是内部kobj包含的动态创建的名称。
    struct module       *owner;//class所属的模块，虽然class是涉及一类设备，但也是由相应的模块注册的

    struct class_attribute      *class_attrs;//class给自己添加的属性，dev_groups是class给所包含的设备添加的属性
    const struct attribute_group    **dev_groups;
    struct kobject          *dev_kobj; //一个kobject指针

    int (*dev_uevent)(struct device *dev, struct kobj_uevent_env *env); //在设备发出uevent消息时添加环境变量用的
    char *(*devnode)(struct device *dev, umode_t *mode); //返回设备节点的相对路径名

    void (*class_release)(struct class *class);
    void (*dev_release)(struct device *dev);

    int (*suspend)(struct device *dev, pm_message_t state);//设备休眠时调用
    int (*resume)(struct device *dev);//恢复设备时调用

    const struct kobj_ns_type_operations *ns_type;
    const void *(*namespace)(struct device *dev);

    const struct dev_pm_ops *pm;//电源管理用的函数集合

    struct subsys_private *p; //指向subsys_private结构的指针
};

p是指向struct subsys_private 的指针，老的内核版本中是class_private表示，即class的私有数据：

/**
 * struct subsys_private - structure to hold the private to the driver core portions of the bus_type/class structure.
 *
 * @subsys - the struct kset that defines this subsystem
 * @devices_kset - the subsystem's 'devices' directory
 * @interfaces - list of subsystem interfaces associated
 * @mutex - protect the devices, and interfaces lists.
 *
 * @drivers_kset - the list of drivers associated
 * @klist_devices - the klist to iterate over the @devices_kset
 * @klist_drivers - the klist to iterate over the @drivers_kset
 * @bus_notifier - the bus notifier list for anything that cares about things
 *                 on this bus.
 * @bus - pointer back to the struct bus_type that this structure is associated
 *        with.
 *
 * @glue_dirs - "glue" directory to put in-between the parent device to
 *              avoid namespace conflicts
 * @class - pointer back to the struct class that this structure is associated
 *          with.
 *
 * This structure is the one that is the actual kobject allowing struct
 * bus_type/class to be statically allocated safely.  Nothing outside of the
 * driver core should ever touch these fields.
 */
struct subsys_private {
    struct kset subsys;//kset类型，用来表示class在sysfs中的位置
    struct kset *devices_kset; //指向device的kset指针
    struct list_head interfaces; //是list_head类型的类接口链表
    struct mutex mutex;

    struct kset *drivers_kset;
    struct klist klist_devices;  //klist设备链
    struct klist klist_drivers;
    struct blocking_notifier_head bus_notifier;
    unsigned int drivers_autoprobe:1;
    struct bus_type *bus;

    struct kset glue_dirs;
    struct class *class;
};

#define to_subsys_private(obj) container_of(obj, struct subsys_private, subsys.kobj)

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