1. 生产场景
领导要求你到某个机房给服务器安装CentOS6的系统并搭建服务,你到现场发现服务器没有外网只有内网,而且没有内网yum仓库,kickstart或cobbler更不用想。你手上仅有的工具是usb光驱或U盘。怎么搞定??
做一个自动化安装的镜像,并把业务所有需要的依赖包全打包进去。开工…
2. 挂载镜像
#→首先自备CentOS-6.7-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso镜像(3.63G),然后将镜像挂载到虚拟机。 #→CentOS6.8的镜像也可,只要后面你会随机应变。下载地址https://pan.baidu.com/s/1dFDiJst [root@zyiso ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/ mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only [root@zyiso ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda3 19G 1.5G 16G 9% / tmpfs 491M 0 491M 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 190M 36M 145M 20% /boot /dev/sr0 3.7G 3.7G 0 100% /mnt [root@zyiso mnt]# ll -ah 总用量 567K dr-xr-xr-x 7 root root 4.0K 8月 5 2015 . dr-xr-xr-x. 23 root root 4.0K 8月 24 11:48 .. -r–r–r– 2 root root 14 8月 5 2015 CentOS_BuildTag -r–r–r– 1 root root 31 8月 5 2015 .discinfo dr-xr-xr-x 3 root root 2.0K 8月 5 2015 EFI -r–r–r– 2 root root 212 11月 27 2013 EULA -r–r–r– 2 root root 18K 11月 27 2013 GPL dr-xr-xr-x 3 root root 2.0K 8月 5 2015 p_w_picpaths dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 2.0K 8月 5 2015 isolinux dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 516K 8月 5 2015 Packages -r–r–r– 2 root root 1.4K 7月 25 2015 RELEASE-NOTES-en-US.html dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K 8月 5 2015 repodata -r–r–r– 2 root root 1.7K 11月 27 2013 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6 -r–r–r– 2 root root 1.7K 11月 27 2013 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Debug-6 -r–r–r– 2 root root 1.7K 11月 27 2013 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Security-6 -r–r–r– 2 root root 1.7K 11月 27 2013 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-6 -r–r–r– 1 root root 3.4K 8月 5 2015 TRANS.TBL -r–r–r– 1 root root 338 8月 5 2015 .treeinfo 常见文件目录用途说明: isolinux目录存放光盘启动时的安装界面信息 p_w_picpaths目录包括了必要的启动映像文件 Packages目录存放安装软件包及信息 repodata目录存放rpm包依赖信息 .discinfo文件是安装介质的识别信息
3. 收集RPM包
[root@zyiso mnt]# mkdir -p /application/CentOS6 [root@zyiso mnt]# rsync -a –exclude=Packages/ –exclude=repodata/ /mnt/ /application/CentOS6/ [root@zyiso mnt]# cd /application/CentOS6/ [root@zyiso CentOS6]# ls CentOS_BuildTag GPL RELEASE-NOTES-en-US.html RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Security-6 EFI p_w_picpaths RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-6 EULA isolinux RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Debug-6 TRANS.TBL [root@zyiso CentOS6]# du -sh 268M [root@zyiso CentOS6]# mkdir -p /application/CentOS6/Packages [root@zyiso CentOS6]# cd [root@zyiso ~]# ls anaconda-ks.cfg install.log install.log.syslog [root@zyiso ~]# awk '/Installing/{print "rsync -a /mnt/Packages/"$2".rpm /application/CentOS6/Packages/"}' install.log|bash [root@zyiso Packages]# pwd /mnt/Packages [root@zyiso Packages]# cp tree-1.5.3-3.el6.x86_64.rpm nmap-5.51-4.el6.x86_64.rpm sysstat-9.0.4-27.el6.x86_64.rpm lrzsz-0.12.20-27.1.el6.x86_64.rpm dos2unix-3.1-37.el6.x86_64.rpm telnet-0.17-48.el6.x86_64.rpm /application/CentOS6/Packages/ [root@zyiso ~]# cd /application/CentOS6/Packages/ [root@zyiso Packages]# du -sh 368M . [root@zyiso Packages]# ls|wc -l 516 #→生成repodata目录 [root@zyiso ~]# yum -y install createrepo [root@zyiso CentOS6]# pwd /application/CentOS6 #→复制文件名包含comps.xml文件,这个文件存放包组信息。 [root@zyiso CentOS6]# cp /mnt/repodata/xxx-c6-x86_64-comps.xml comps.xml [root@zyiso CentOS6]# createrepo -g comps.xml . Spawning worker 0 with 516 pkgs Workers Finished Gathering worker results Saving Primary metadata Saving file lists metadata Saving other metadata Generating sqlite DBs Sqlite DBs complete [root@zyiso CentOS6]# ls repodata/ 1796ee77e0a9d1aedf4fc8e8bb112a05f58b37a48a97b3ad4ae96862f334e93b-primary.xml.gz 1da2cadaadd73048ae5ac2275b46851b8829278568dcad09608015f0201ea42e-other.sqlite.bz2 3c0626aafa36099243a809bcb7e4b2ae85d781e0b361916d52f73965582be885-other.xml.gz 418aeb7685093a6eb90725f2c2c5e3306b3697f7a7c13067dee102e645bde860-filelists.xml.gz 486d3ee62873814293a1be370640ae9c71863a35c7299eb76739e03369ad0c3f-comps.xml.gz 4df092633ebecaeebdd78359a11a3c13f619f22605322e15e5e307beebd8e641-comps.xml 54bcf19d09ed0221351fddc12a6d80f061c1c7adc83135a5940410617d0cbfd0-primary.sqlite.bz2 d7ad8946692006ed04f68494acb16da97fffa216b102568b809e9e1e519956c4-filelists.sqlite.bz2 repomd.xml [root@zyiso CentOS6]# mv comps.xml /tmp/
4. 定制kickstart安装脚本ks.cfg文件
[root@zyiso ~]# vim /application/CentOS6/isolinux/ks.cfg # Kickstart Configurator for CentOS 6.7 by yao zhang install cdrom text lang en_US.UTF-8 keyboard us zerombr bootloader –location=mbr –driveorder=sda –append="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet" network –bootproto=dhcp –device=eth0 –onboot=yes –noipv6 –hostname=oldboyedu timezone –utc Asia/Shanghai authconfig –enableshadow –passalgo=sha512 rootpw –iscrypted $6$X20eRtuZhkHznTb4$dK0BJByOSAWSDD8jccLVFz0CscijS9ldMWwpoCw/ZEjYw2BTQYGWlgKsn945fFTjRC658UXjuocwJbAjVI5D6/ clearpart –all –initlabel part /boot –fstype=ext4 –asprimary –size=200 part swap –size=1024 part / –fstype=ext4 –grow –asprimary –size=200 firstboot –disable selinux –disabled firewall –disabled logging –level=info reboot %packages @base @compat-libraries @debugging @development tree nmap sysstat lrzsz dos2unix telnet %post #→在这里可以定制一下系统 echo "Welcome to the Old Boys Education iso p_w_picpath">/etc/motd %end [root@zyiso ~]# vim /application/CentOS6/isolinux/isolinux.cfg default vesamenu.c32 #prompt 1 timeout 600 display boot.msg menu background splash.jpg menu title Welcome to CentOS 6.7! menu color border 0 #ffffffff #00000000 menu color sel 7 #ffffffff #ff000000 menu color title 0 #ffffffff #00000000 menu color tabmsg 0 #ffffffff #00000000 menu color unsel 0 #ffffffff #00000000 menu color hotsel 0 #ff000000 #ffffffff menu color hotkey 7 #ffffffff #ff000000 menu color scrollbar 0 #ffffffff #00000000 #→修改此处 label linux menu label ^Auto Install Oldboyedu Linux System menu default kernel vmlinuz append ks=cdrom:/isolinux/ks.cfg initrd=initrd.img label rescue menu label ^Rescue installed system kernel vmlinuz append initrd=initrd.img rescue label local menu label Boot from ^local drive localboot 0xffff label memtest86 menu label ^Memory test kernel memtest append –
5. 生成镜像
[root@zyiso CentOS6]# yum -y install mkisofs [root@zyiso CentOS6]# mkisofs -o /application/CentOS-6.7-x86_64-oldboyedu.iso -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c isolinux/boot.cat -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -R -J -v -T .
6. 生成ISO文件MD5值
[root@zyiso ~]# yum -y install isomd5sum #以前每做出一个ISO都会同时生成一个md5值文件,防止复制过程中数据损坏; #现使用implantisomd5和checkisomd5两个工具,可以将md5值嵌入ISO中并直接效验,方便不少。 [root@zyiso application]# implantisomd5 CentOS-6.7-x86_64-oldboyedu.iso #→只能植入一次 Inserting md5sum into iso p_w_picpath… md5 = f4e43ec24d18fa09047f852adf6d2051 Inserting fragment md5sums into iso p_w_picpath… fragmd5 = b3854c6e41d46c688616dda1e9c881e2119a271558f759b6b7eeee733ac1 frags = 20 Setting supported flag to 0 [root@zyiso application]# checkisomd5 CentOS-6.7-x86_64-oldboyedu.iso Press [Esc] to abort check. The media check is complete, the result is: PASS. It is OK to use this media.
提供镜像下载:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1dFDiJst
镜像主要信息:
1. 最小化安装及额外选择4个包组及tree nmap sysstat lrzsz dos2unix这几个软件
2. 用户root密码123456
3. 磁盘分区boot 200M swap 1G 剩余空间给/
4. 防火墙和selinux关闭
5. 大家按需要修改网卡/主机名/用户密码
7. 安装制作的ISO镜像
大家可以看到这张图片被修改了,大家想改的话,这个图片的路径为isolinux/splash.jpg
8. 后记
上面定制的镜像仅仅包含系统,如果需要将我们的web服务或者mysql服务内嵌进镜像,读者可以学习完下一篇文章《自动化运维系列4–定制化专属于你的软件包》,将这些服务定制成rpm包,然后在第3节收集rpm包这一步骤将自己制作的rpm包放进/application/CentOS6/Packages目录,然后再改改第4节的ks.cfg文件即可。Good Luck!
9. 拓展
制作U盘启动安装CentOS Linux系统 – 老男孩linux培训 – 51CTO技术博客 http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com/2561410/1829907
转载:http://blog.oldboyedu.com/custom-iso/
转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/pkbai/1872905