BlockChain
位置:
package core
github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/BlockChain.go
release 1.8
作用
BlockChain管理具有创世纪数据库的规范链,主要实现管理区块(BLock)形成/引进链,reverts(恢复)、重组链
以太坊启动节点启动后后,系统中只存在一个BlockChain对象实例、BlockChain是以太坊中的一个类
BlockChain只保存规范链的头区块
规范链
在区块的创建过程中,可能在短时间内产生一些分叉, 在我们的数据库里面记录的其实是一颗区块树。我们会认为其中总难度最高的一条路径认为是我们的规 范的区块链。 有很 多区块虽然也能形成区块链, 但是不是规范的区块链。
Blockchain 数据结构
Blockchain管理所有的Block, 让其组成一个单向链表。Headerchain管理所有的Header,也形成一个单向链表, Headerchain是Blockchain里面的一部分,HeaderChain在全局范围内也仅有一个对象
type BlockChain struct {
chainConfig *params.ChainConfig // Chain & network configuration
cacheConfig *CacheConfig // Cache configuration for pruning
db ethdb.Database // Low level persistent database to store final content in
triegc *prque.Prque // Priority queue mapping block numbers to tries to gc
gcproc time.Duration // Accumulates canonical block processing for trie dumping
hc *HeaderChain //包含了区块头的区块链
rmLogsFeed event.Feed //删除消息通知的组件
chainFeed event.Feed //下面是很多消息通知的组件
chainSideFeed event.Feed //分支链消息通知的组件
chainHeadFeed event.Feed //头链消息通知的组件
logsFeed event.Feed //日志通知的组件
scope event.SubscriptionScope
genesisBlock *types.Block // 创世块
mu sync.RWMutex // global mutex for locking chain operations 全局互斥锁操作
chainmu sync.RWMutex // blockchain insertion lock 区块链插入锁
procmu sync.RWMutex // block processor lock 区块链处理锁
checkpoint int // checkpoint counts towards the new checkpoint
currentBlock atomic.Value // Current head of the block chain 当前的区块头
currentFastBlock atomic.Value // Current head of the fast-sync chain (may be above the block chain!) 当前的快速同步的区块头fast-sync方式:快速同步header,然后再跟进header同步全部内容
stateCache state.Database // State database to reuse between imports (contains state cache)
bodyCache *lru.Cache // Cache for the most recent block bodies
bodyRLPCache *lru.Cache // Cache for the most recent block bodies in RLP encoded format
receiptsCache *lru.Cache // Cache for the most recent receipts per block
blockCache *lru.Cache // Cache for the most recent entire blocks
futureBlocks *lru.Cache // future blocks are blocks added for later processing 暂时还不能插入的区块存放位置
quit chan struct{} // blockchain quit channel
running int32 // running must be called atomically
// procInterrupt must be atomically called
procInterrupt int32 // interrupt signaler for block processing
wg sync.WaitGroup // chain processing wait group for shutting down 实现协程同步,线程信号量控制
engine consensus.Engine//一致性引擎
processor Processor // block processor interface 区块处理器接口
validator Validator // block and state validator interface 区块和状态验证器接口
vmConfig vm.Config //虚拟机的配置
badBlocks *lru.Cache // Bad block cache 不合法的区块
shouldPreserve func(*types.Block) bool // Function used to determine whether should preserve the given block. 用于确定是否应该保留给定块的函数
}
主要方法
NewBlockChain
构造,NewBlockChain 使用数据库里面的可用信息构造了一个初始化好的区块链. 同时初始化了以太坊默认的 验证器和处理器 (Validator and Processor)
BlockChain对象中,具体任务如下
根据外部参数或默认参数实例化BlockChain类,从数据库中加载规范链状态到BlockChain中
遍历badHash列表,如果发现规范链中存在badHash列表中的错误区块,则将规范链回滚到的错误 区块的父区块
开启处理未来区块的Go线程
func NewBlockChain(db ethdb.Database, cacheConfig *CacheConfig, chainConfig *params.ChainConfig, engine consensus.Engine, vmConfig vm.Config, shouldPreserve func(block *types.Block) bool) (*BlockChain, error) {
if cacheConfig == nil {
cacheConfig = &CacheConfig{
TrieNodeLimit: 256 * 1024 * 1024,
TrieTimeLimit: 5 * time.Minute,
}
}
bodyCache, _ := lru.New(bodyCacheLimit)
bodyRLPCache, _ := lru.New(bodyCacheLimit)
receiptsCache, _ := lru.New(receiptsCacheLimit)
blockCache, _ := lru.New(blockCacheLimit)
futureBlocks, _ := lru.New(maxFutureBlocks)
badBlocks, _ := lru.New(badBlockLimit)
bc := &BlockChain{
chainConfig: chainConfig,
cacheConfig: cacheConfig,
db: db,
triegc: prque.New(nil),
stateCache: state.NewDatabase(db),
quit: make(chan struct{}),
shouldPreserve: shouldPreserve,
bodyCache: bodyCache,
bodyRLPCache: bodyRLPCache,
receiptsCache: receiptsCache,
blockCache: blockCache,
futureBlocks: futureBlocks,
engine: engine,
vmConfig: vmConfig,
badBlocks: badBlocks,
}
bc.SetValidator(NewBlockValidator(chainConfig, bc, engine))
bc.SetProcessor(NewStateProcessor(chainConfig, bc, engine))
var err error
bc.hc, err = NewHeaderChain(db, chainConfig, engine, bc.getProcInterrupt)//根据"LastHeader"获取最新的区块头
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
bc.genesisBlock = bc.GetBlockByNumber(0)//获取到创世纪块
if bc.genesisBlock == nil {
return nil, ErrNoGenesis
}
//loadLastState loads the last known chain state from the database, 同时构建 currentBlock currentHeader currentFastBlock
if err := bc.loadLastState(); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
// Check the current state of the block hashes and make sure that we do not have any of the bad blocks in our chain
for hash := range BadHashes {
if header := bc.GetHeaderByHash(hash); header != nil {
// get the canonical block corresponding to the offending header's number
headerByNumber := bc.GetHeaderByNumber(header.Number.Uint64())
// make sure the headerByNumber (if present) is in our current canonical chain
if headerByNumber != nil && headerByNumber.Hash() == header.Hash() {
log.Error("Found bad hash, rewinding chain", "number", header.Number, "hash", header.ParentHash)
bc.SetHead(header.Number.Uint64() - 1)
log.Error("Chain rewind was successful, resuming normal operation")
}
}
}
// 启动一个线程 每隔5秒 处理 futureBlocks 排序 插入block Take ownership of this particular state
go bc.update()
return bc, nil
}
NewBlockChain函数 调用时机:
1.以太坊主服务启动的过程中
geth
-> makeFullNode
-> RegisterEthService
-> eth.New
->core.NewBlockChain
2.命令行
geth importChain
-> util.MakeChain
->core.NewBlockChain