git 利用meld解决冲突与merge

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Git冲突的场景与其他SCM工具一样，我在这边修改了文件a，同事也修改了文件a。同事比我先提交到仓库中，那么我pull代码时就会报错：

$ git pull
remote: Counting objects: 39, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (30/30), done.
remote: Total 39 (delta 13), reused 0 (delta 0)
Unpacking objects: 100% (39/39), done.
From https://code.csdn.net/lincyang/androidwidgetdemo
   d3b2814..5578b8c  master     -> origin/master
Updating d3b2814..5578b8c
error: Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by merge:
    app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml
    app/src/main/java/com/linc/skill/screenswitch/ScreenSwichActivity.java
Please, commit your changes or stash them before you can merge.
Aborting

而此时我又不顾这个错误，将我的代码add并commit，然后push时报如下错：

To https://code.csdn.net/lincyang/androidwidgetdemo.git
 ! [rejected]        master -> master (non-fast-forward)
error: failed to push some refs to 'https://code.csdn.net/lincyang/androidwidgetdemo.git'
hint: Updates were rejected because the tip of your current branch is behind
hint: its remote counterpart. Integrate the remote changes (e.g.
hint: 'git pull ...') before pushing again.
hint: See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details.

•  

然后我有执行了git pull：

$ git pull
Auto-merging app/src/main/java/com/linc/skill/screenswitch/ScreenSwichActivity.java
CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in app/src/main/java/com/linc/skill/screenswitch/ScreenSwichActivity.java
Auto-merging app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml
CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml
Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.

•  

那么既然两个文件冲突，我就可以借助mergetool来搞定它。我安装了meld作为代码比对工具，那么它理所当然也就成为我的mergetool了。

sudo apt-get install meld

修改本地的~/.gitconfig配置文件，加入以下几行配置

[merge]
        tool = meld
	conflictstyle = diff3
[mergetool "meld"]
        cmd = meld $LOCAL $BASE $REMOTE --output=$MERGED --auto-merge

 

$ git mergetool

This message is displayed because 'merge.tool' is not configured.
See 'git mergetool --tool-help' or 'git help config' for more details.
'git mergetool' will now attempt to use one of the following tools:
meld opendiff kdiff3 tkdiff xxdiff tortoisemerge gvimdiff diffuse diffmerge ecmerge p4merge araxis bc3 codecompare emerge vimdiff
Merging:
app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml
app/src/main/java/com/linc/skill/screenswitch/ScreenSwichActivity.java

Normal merge conflict for 'app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml':
  {local}: modified file
  {remote}: modified file
Hit return to start merge resolution tool (meld): 

Normal merge conflict for 'app/src/main/java/com/linc/skill/screenswitch/ScreenSwichActivity.java':
  {local}: modified file
  {remote}: modified file
Hit return to start merge resolution tool (meld): 

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merge完成后，执行git status发现有些文件做了修改，那么把这些文件提交 吧，就把这次commit作为一次merge操作吧。

$ git commit -m "merge"
[master 978aa1f] merge
$ git push
Counting objects: 64, done.
Delta compression using up to 4 threads.
Compressing objects: 100% (25/25), done.
Writing objects: 100% (33/33), 3.81 KiB | 0 bytes/s, done.
Total 33 (delta 15), reused 0 (delta 0)
To https://code.csdn.net/lincyang/androidwidgetdemo.git
   5578b8c..978aa1f  master -> master
$ git pull
Already up-to-date.

•  

至此，本次冲突解决完毕。

如果希望保留生产服务器上所做的改动,仅仅并入新配置项, 处理方法如下:

git stash
git pull
git stash pop

•  

 

这里比较好的方式是借助mergetool，输入
git mergetool
得到
图4，回车
出现kdiff3图形界面，其中A区为修改前，B区为本地（local）版本库修改，C区为远程版本库（remote）信息，在最下方点击右键选择需要使用的版本库，修改后保存退出即可。
这里就完成了conflict的手动合并。
之后：
git commit –m “”
git push origin master
即可。查看提交日志：
图5

可以发现最新提交是前两次提交的合并。

2. 树合并（不同成员对同一文件重命名）

关于树冲突，出现的原因是因为同时对一个文件进行了重命名。也可以使用mergetool修复冲突，但是更直接的方法是直接使用git rm删除想删除的文件，使用git add将需要的文件加到暂存区进而commit。

在文件合并和树合并中还有一个很有用的命令是:
git ls-files –s
可查看暂存区文件。

参考： 
http://www.cnblogs.com/sinojelly/archive/2011/08/07/2130172.html

http://blog.csdn.net/lincyang/article/details/45269491

https://www.liaoxuefeng.com/wiki/0013739516305929606dd18361248578c67b8067c8c017b000/001375840202368c74be33fbd884e71b570f2cc3c0d1dcf000

http://blog.csdn.net/u012150179/article/details/14047183

 

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/quanpower/blog/1503340