t :PXE:
预启动执行环境，是由Intel开发的最新技术，工作于Client/Server的网络模式，支持终端通过网络从远端服务器下载映像，并由此支持通过网络启动操作系统，在启动过程中，终端要求服务器分配IP地址，再用TFTP（trivial file transfer protocol）协议下载一个启动软件包到本机内存中执行，由这个启动软件包完成终端基本软件设置，从而引导预先安装在服务器中的终端操作系统。
一、安装DHCP服务，实现动态地址分配
~]# yum -y install dhcp
~]# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
option domain-name-servers 172.18.0.1; //指明分配的DNS
#
default-lease-time 3600;
max-lease-time 7200;
#
# Use this to send dhcp log messages to a different log file (you also
# have to hack syslog.conf to complete the redirection).
log-facility local7;
#
subnet 192.168.100.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { //地址分配池
range 192.168.100.20 192.168.100.99; //地址分配范围
filename "pxelinux.0"; //引导文件名称
next-server 192.168.100.10; //引导文件所在的IP地址
}
测试有无语法错误，并启动dhcp服务：
]# service dhcpd configtest Syntax: OK ~]# service dhcpd start Starting dhcpd: [ OK ] //注意：启动dhcp服务时，会去读取网卡的配置，如果网卡没能配置192.168.100.10，会报错
查看监听端口：
~]# ss -uan State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port UNCONN 0 0 *:67 *:*
二、安装tftp服务，实现文件传输
]# yum -y install tftp-server
]# vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
service tftp
{
socket_type = dgram
protocol = udp
wait = yes
user = root
server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
server_args = -s /var/lib/tftpboot
disable = no //改为no就行
per_source = 11
cps = 100 2
flags = IPv4
}
启动tftp,并查看监听端口：
]# service xinetd restart Stopping xinetd: [ OK ] Starting xinetd: [ OK ] ]# ss -uan State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port UNCONN 0 0 *:69 *:*
三、安装httpd，提供远程下载仓库
]# yum -y install httpd ]# service httpd start
四、挂载虚拟光盘到虚拟机上
]# mkdir /media/cdrom ]# mount /dev/cdrom /media/cdrom mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only ]# mkdir /var/www/html/centos ]# mount --bind /media/cdrom/ /var/www/html/centos/
五、下载pxe引导文件
]# yum -y install syslinux
复制引导安装文件到tftp服务的目录下：
]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/tftpboot/ //引导文件
]# cp /media/cdrom/p_w_picpaths/pxeboot/{vmlinuz,initrd.img} /var/lib/tftpboot/
//内核和ramdisk
]# cp /media/cdrom/isolinux/{boot.msg,vesamenu.c32,splash.jpg} /var/lib/tftpboot
//背景图片
]# mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/
]# cp /media/cdrom/isolinux/isolinux.cfg /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
//菜单
修改default文件，符合自己的要求：
]# vim /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default timeout 100 //修改为10秒 label autoinst menu label CentOS 6.5 INSTALL menu default kernel vmlinuz append initrd=initrd.img ks=http://192.168.100.10/centos6.5_x86_64.cfg //自动装机文件
五：配置自动装机文件kickstart
]# vim /var/www/html/centos6.5_x86_64.cfg #platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T #version=DEVEL # Firewall configuration firewall --enable # Install OS instead of upgrade install # Use network installation url --url="http://192.168.100.10/centos" # Root password rootpw 123456 # System authorization information auth --useshadow --passalgo=sha512 # Use text mode install text firstboot --disable # System keyboard keyboard us # System language lang en_US # SELinux configuration selinux --disabled # Installation logging level logging --level=info --host=192.168.100.10 # Reboot after installation reboot # System timezone timezone Asia/Shanghai # System bootloader configuration bootloader --append="rhgb crashkernel=auto quiet" --location=mbr --driveorder="sda" # Clear the Master Boot Record zerombr # Partition clearing information clearpart --all # Disk partitioning information part / --bytes-per-inode=4096 --fstype="ext4" --grow --size=1 part /boot --bytes-per-inode=4096 --fstype="ext4" --size=200 part swap --bytes-per-inode=4096 --fstype="swap" --size=8192 %packages --nobase //最小化安装 @core %end
测试能否远程读取CentOS仓库及装机文件：
六：开启虚拟机测试能否自动装机
Cobbler:
Red Hat根据PXE二次封装的网络工具，使用更为简单：
]# yum -y install cobbler dhcp tftp-server syslinux httpd
启动cobbler并检测运行环境：
]# service cobblerd start ]# cobbler check ]# cobbler check Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/cobbler", line 36, in <module> sys.exit(app.main()) #报错，修改配置文件： ]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings server: 192.168.100.10 //把这两项修改为虚拟机的IP地址 next_server: 192.168.100.10 ]# service cobblerd restart ]# service httpd start //启动httpd ]# service xinetd start //启动tftp
再一次cobbler check:
1、如果当前节点可以访问互联网，执行“cobbler get-loaders”命令即可；否则，需要安装syslinux程序包，而后复制/usr/share/syslinux/目录下所有文件至/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/目录中；
2、执行 chkconfig rsync on 命令
3、执行 yum -y install debmirror 命令
4、执行 yum -y install pykickstart 命令
5、执行“openssl passwd -1 -salt $(openssl rand -hex 4)”生成密码，并用其替换/etc/cobbler/settings文件中default_password_crypted参数的值；
6、执行 yum -y install cman fence-agents 命令
修改完后执行重启cobblerb并cobbler sync，在次执行cobbler check
]# cobbler check
1、可以不用管，只要复制了syslinux目录下的文件过去就行；
2、注释/etc/debmirror.conf文件中的“@dists="sid";”一行；
3、注释/etc/debmirror.conf文件中的“@arches="i386";”一行；
]# service cobblerd restart Stopping cobbler daemon: [ OK ] Starting cobbler daemon: [ OK ] ]# cobbler sync //在次同步配置文件
导入光盘到虚拟机里，生成cobbler的distro和profile文件：
]# mount /dev/cdrom /media/cdrom ]# cobbler import --name="Centos6.5-x86_64" --path=/media/cdrom //定义distro ]# cobbler distro list Centos6.5-x86_64 ]# cobbler profile list Centos6.5-x86_64 ]# cobbler profile remove --name Centos6.5-x86_64 //定义distro时会自动生成一个profile文件，不符合我们的要求，删除
编辑kickstart文件：
vim /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos6.cfg #platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T #version=DEVEL # Firewall configuration firewall --enable # Install OS instead of upgrade install # Use network installation url --url="http://172.18.250.76/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos6.5-x86_64/" # Root password rootpw 123456 # System authorization information auth --useshadow --passalgo=sha512 # Use text mode install text firstboot --disable # System keyboard keyboard us # System language lang en_US # SELinux configuration selinux --disabled # Installation logging level logging --level=info --host=192.168.100.10 # Reboot after installation reboot # System timezone timezone Asia/Shanghai # System bootloader configuration bootloader --append="rhgb crashkernel=auto quiet" --location=mbr --driveorder="sda" # Clear the Master Boot Record zerombr # Partition clearing information clearpart --all # Disk partitioning information part / --bytes-per-inode=4096 --fstype="ext4" --grow --size=1 part /boot --bytes-per-inode=4096 --fstype="ext4" --size=200 part swap --bytes-per-inode=4096 --fstype="swap" --size=8192 %packages --nobase //最小化安装 @core %end
生成符合要求的profile:
]# cobbler profile add --name=centos6.5-x86 --distro=Centos6.5-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos6.cfg ]# cobbler profile list centos6.5-x86 ]# vim /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default //可以修改默认菜单 DEFAULT menu #PROMPT 0 MENU TITLE Cobbler | http://cobbler.github.com TIMEOUT 100 TOTALTIMEOUT 6000 ONTIMEOUT centos6.5-x86
执行cobbler sync，一定不要忘了。。。。。
]# cobbler sync ]# service cobblerd restart Stopping cobbler daemon: [ OK ] Starting cobbler daemon: [ OK ]
测试能否正常装机：
三、cobbler重装系统之koan
koan是cobbler的一个辅助工具，koan是kickstart-over-a-network的缩写安装在客户端的使用，koan配合cobbler实现快速重装linux。
]# yum -y install koan ]# koan --server=192.168.100.10 --list=profiles //列出cobbler中有哪些profile - looking for Cobbler at http://192.168.100.10:80/cobbler_api centos6.5-x86 ]# koan --replace-self --server=192.168.100.10 --profile=centos6.5-x86 //重装系统 - looking for Cobbler at http://192.168.100.10:80/cobbler_api - reading URL: ........ '--title=kick1463906560'] - reboot to apply changes ]# reboot //输入此命令重启后，不能再中止重装，重启后自动进入pxe装机。
和--title=kick1463906560一样
转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/lanxianting/1775933
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