struct class 定义在#include
1.宏class_create()
文件包含：#include
宏定义：
在内核源码中位置：2.6.35-src/include/linux/device.h
310 #define class_create(owner, name) \
311 ({ \
312 static struct lock_class_key __key; \
313 __class_create(owner, name, &__key); \
314 })
功能描述：
宏class_create()用于动态创建设备的逻辑类，并完成部分字段的初始化，然后将其添加进linux内核系统中。此函数的执行效果就是在目录/sys/class/下创建一个新的文件夹，此文件夹的名字为此函数的第二个输入参数，单词文件夹是空的。宏class_create()在实现时，调用了函数__class_create()，作用和函数__class_create()基本相同。
输入参数说明：
宏class_create()有两个输入参数
宏owner是一个struct module结构体类型的指针，指向函数__class_create()即将创建的struct class类型对象的拥有者，一般赋值为THIS_MODULE，详细查看：src/include/linux/module.h
参数name是char类型的指针，代表即将创建的struct class变量的名字
返回参数：
宏class_create()函数返回 struct class的逻辑类
2.函数class_destroy()
文件包含：#include
函数定义：
函数实现： src/drivers/base/class.c
函数定义格式： void class_destroy(struct class *cls);
==================================================================
程序：简单在内核中建立自己的动态设备逻辑类
#include
#include
#include
#include //class_create
struct class *mem_class;
static int __init class_create_destroy_init(void)
{
printk("class_create_destroy_init init..\n");
mem_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE,"ywx_dev");
if(IS_ERR(mem_class))
{
printk("err:failed create class\n");
return -1;
}
printk("class create suceess\n");
return 0;
}
static void __exit class_create_destroy_exit(void)
{
printk("leaving class...\n");
class_destroy(mem_class);
printk("leaving finished.\n");
}
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
module_init(class_create_destroy_init);
module_exit(class_create_destroy_exit);
使用方法：
root@ywx:/home/ywx/desktop/module/api_/class_create_destroy# insmod ./class_create_destroy.ko
root@ywx:/home/ywx/desktop/module/api_/class_create_destroy# dmesg | tail -8
[ 2360.949466] class_create_destroy_init init..
[ 2360.949956] class create suceess
//在/sys/class/下生成我们自己建立的设备的逻辑类
root@ywx:/home/ywx/desktop/module/api_/class_create_destroy# ls /sys/class | grep ywx
ywx_dev
root@ywx:/home/ywx/desktop/module/api_/class_create_destroy# rmmod class_create_destroy
root@ywx:/home/ywx/desktop/module/api_/class_create_destroy# dmesg | tail -8
[ 2360.949466] class_create_destroy_init init..
[ 2360.949956] class create suceess
[ 2431.145922] leaving class...
[ 2431.149030] leaving finished.
root@ywx:/home/ywx/desktop/module/api_/class_create_destroy# ls /sys/class | grep ywx
root@ywx:/home/ywx/desktop/module/api_/class_create_destroy#
从linux内核2.6的某个版本之后，devfs不复存在，udev成为devfs的替代。提醒一点，udev是应用
层的，不要试图在内核的配置选项里找到它;加入对udev的支持很简单，以作者所写的一个字符设备驱动为例，在驱动初始化的代码里调用
class_create为该设备创建一个class，再为每个设备调用device_create创建对应的设备。大致用法如下：
struct class *myclass ；
class_create(THIS_MODULE, “my_device_driver”);
device_create(myclass, NULL, MKDEV(major_num, minor_num), NULL, “my_device”);
这样的module被加载时，udev daemon就会自动在/dev下创建my_device设备文件。
我们在刚开始写Linux设备驱动程序的时候，很多时候都是利用mknod命令手动创建设备节点，实际
上Linux内核为我们提供了一组函数，可以用来在模块加载的时候自动在
/dev目录下创建相应设备节点，并在卸载模块时删除该节点，当然前提条件是用户空间移植了udev。
内核中定义了struct class结构体，顾名思义，一个struct
class结构体类型变量对应一个类，内核同时提供了class_create(…)函数，可以用它来创建一个类，这个类存放于sysfs下面，一旦创建
好了这个类，再调用device_create(…)函数来在/dev目录下创建相应的设备节点。这样，加载模块的时候，用户空间中的udev会自动响应
device_create(…)函数，去/sysfs下寻找对应的类从而创建设备节点。
注意，在2.6较早的内核版本中，device_create(…)函数名称不同，是class_device_create(…)，所以在新的内核中编译以前的模块程序有时会报错，就是因为函数名称 不同，而且里面的参数设置也有一些变化。
struct class和device_create(…) 以及device_create(…)都定义在/include/linux/device.h中，使用的时候一定要包含这个头文件，否则编译器会报错。
在2.6.35内核版本中，struct class定义在头文件include/linux/device.h中
/*
* device classes
*/
struct class {
const char*name;
struct module*owner;
struct class_attribute*class_attrs;
struct device_attribute*dev_attrs;
struct kobject*dev_kobj;
int (*dev_uevent)(struct device *dev, struct kobj_uevent_env *env);
char *(*devnode)(struct device *dev, mode_t *mode);
void (*class_release)(struct class *class);
void (*dev_release)(struct device *dev);
int (*suspend)(struct device *dev, pm_message_t state);
int (*resume)(struct device *dev);
const struct kobj_ns_type_operations *ns_type;
const void *(*namespace)(struct device *dev);
const struct dev_pm_ops *pm;
struct class_private *p;
};
class_create(…)在/drivers/base/class.c中实现：
/**
* class_create - create a struct class structure
* @owner: pointer to the module that is to "own" this struct class
* @name: pointer to a string for the name of this class.
;*
* This is used to create a struct class pointer that can then be used
* in calls to device_create().
*
* Note, the pointer created here is to be destroyed when finished by
* making a call to class_destroy().
*/
struct class *__class_create(struct module *owner, const char *name,
struct lock_class_key *key)
{
struct class *cls;
int retval;
cls = kzalloc(sizeof(*cls), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!cls) {
retval = -ENOMEM;
goto error;
}
cls->name = name;
cls->owner = owner;
cls->class_release = class_create_release;
retval = __class_register(cls, key);
if (retval)
goto error;
return cls;
error:
kfree(cls);
return ERR_PTR(retval);
}
第一个参数指定类的所有者是哪个模块，第二个参数指定类名。
在class.c中，还定义了class_destroy(…)函数，用于在模块卸载时删除类。
device_create(…)函数在/drivers/base/core.c中实现：
/**
* device_create - creates a device and registers it with sysfs
* @class: pointer to the struct class that this device should be registered to
* @parent: pointer to the parent struct device of this new device, if any
* @devt: the dev_t for the char device to be added
* @fmt: string for the device's name
*
* This function can be used by char device classes. A struct device
* will be created in sysfs, registered to the specified class.
*
* A "dev" file will be created, showing the dev_t for the device, if
* the dev_t is not 0,0.
* If a pointer to a parent struct device is passed in, the newly created
* struct device will be a child of that device in sysfs.
* The pointer to the struct device will be returned from the call.
* Any further sysfs files that might be required can be created using this
* pointer.
*
* Note: the struct class passed to this function must have previously
* been created with a call to class_create().
*/
struct device *device_create(struct class *class, struct
device *parent, dev_t devt, void *drvdata, const char *fmt, ...)
{
va_list vargs;
struct device *dev;
va_start(vargs, fmt);
dev = device_create_vargs(class, parent, devt, drvdata, fmt, vargs);
va_end(vargs);
return dev;
}
第一个参数指定所要创建的设备所从属的类，第二个参数是这个设备的父设备，如果没有就指定为NULL，第三个参数是设备号，第四个参数是设备名称，第五个参数是从设备号。
//class parent 都不为空的话就是一个软链接，class目录下会有软链接到parent目录
下面以一个简单字符设备驱动来展示如何使用这几个函数：
/*
* Copyright (C) 2005 Farsight
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
*
*/
#include #include #include #include #include #include #include MODULE_LICENSE ("GPL");
int hello_major = 250;
int hello_minor = 0;
int number_of_devices = 1;
struct cdev cdev;
dev_t dev = 0;
struct file_operations hello_fops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
};
struct class *my_class;
static void char_reg_setup_cdev (void)
{
int error, devno = MKDEV (hello_major, hello_minor);
cdev_init (&cdev, &hello_fops);
cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
cdev.ops = &hello_fops;
error = cdev_add (&cdev, devno , 1);
if (error)
printk (KERN_NOTICE "Error %d adding char_reg_setup_cdev", error);
/* creating your own class */
my_class =class_create(THIS_MODULE, "farsight_class");
if(IS_ERR(my_class)) {
printk("Err: failed in creating class.\n");
return ;
}
/* register your own device in sysfs, and this will cause udevd to create corresponding device node */
device_create(my_class,NULL, devno, NULL,"hello");
}
static int __init hello_2_init (void)
{
int result;
dev = MKDEV (hello_major, hello_minor);
result = register_chrdev_region (dev, number_of_devices, "test");
if (result<0) {
printk (KERN_WARNING "hello: can't get major number %d\n", hello_major);
return result;
}
char_reg_setup_cdev ();
printk (KERN_INFO "char device registered\n");
return 0;
}
static void __exit hello_2_exit (void)
{
dev_t devno = MKDEV (hello_major, hello_minor);
cdev_del (&cdev);
unregister_chrdev_region (devno, number_of_devices);
device_destroy(my_class, devno);
class_destroy(my_class);
}
module_init (hello_2_init);
module_exit (hello_2_exit);
当加载模块的时候，会在/dev/hello这个设备文件
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