原文出处:http://www.blogjava.net/DLevin/archive/2012/11/02/390684.html。感谢作者的无私分享。
说来惭愧,虽然之前已经看过JUnit的源码了,也写了几篇博客,但是长时间不写Test Case,今天想要写抛Exception相关的test case时,竟然不知道怎么写了。。。。。好记性不如烂笔头,记下来先~~
对于使用验证Test Case方法中抛出的异常,我起初想到的是一种比较简单的方法,但是显得比较繁琐:
@Test
public void testOldStyle() {
try {
double value = Math.random();
if(value < 0.5) {
throw new IllegalStateException("test");
}
Assert.fail("Expect IllegalStateException");
} catch(IllegalStateException e) {
}
}
public void testOldStyle() {
try {
double value = Math.random();
if(value < 0.5) {
throw new IllegalStateException("test");
}
Assert.fail("Expect IllegalStateException");
} catch(IllegalStateException e) {
}
}
Google了一下,找到另外几种更加方便的方法:1,使用Test注解中的expected字段判断抛出异常的类型。2,使用ExpectedException的Rule注解。
个人偏好用Test注解中的expected字段,它先的更加简洁,不管读起来还是写起来都很方便,并且一目了然:
@Test(expected
=
IllegalStateException.
class
)
public void testThrowException() {
throw new IllegalStateException("test");
}
@Test(expected = IllegalStateException. class )
public void testNotThrowException() {
System.out.println("No Exception throws");
}
public void testThrowException() {
throw new IllegalStateException("test");
}
@Test(expected = IllegalStateException. class )
public void testNotThrowException() {
System.out.println("No Exception throws");
}
对Rule注解的使用(只有在JUnit4.7以后才有这个功能),它提供了更加强大的功能,它可以同时检查异常类型以及异常消息内容,这些内容可以只包含其中的某些字符,ExpectedException还支持使用hamcrest中的Matcher,默认使用IsInstanceOf和StringContains Matcher。在BlockJUnit4ClassRunner的实现中,每一个Test Case运行时都会重新创建Test Class的实例,因而在使用ExpectedException这个Rule时,不用担心在多个Test Case之间相互影响的问题:
@Rule
public final ExpectedException expectedException = ExpectedException.none();
@Test
public void testThrowExceptionWithRule() {
expectedException.expect(IllegalStateException.class);
throw new IllegalStateException("test");
}
@Test
public void testThrowExceptionAndMessageWithRule() {
expectedException.expect(IllegalStateException.class);
expectedException.expectMessage("fail");
throw new IllegalStateException("expect fail");
}
public final ExpectedException expectedException = ExpectedException.none();
@Test
public void testThrowExceptionWithRule() {
expectedException.expect(IllegalStateException.class);
throw new IllegalStateException("test");
}
@Test
public void testThrowExceptionAndMessageWithRule() {
expectedException.expect(IllegalStateException.class);
expectedException.expectMessage("fail");
throw new IllegalStateException("expect fail");
}
在stackoverflow中还有人提到了使用google-code中的catch-exception工程,今天没时间看了,回去好好研究一下。地址是: http://code.google.com/p/catch-exception/