控制文件损坏
 
一、使用trace文件恢复
SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace; ——将控制文件备份到trace文件
Database altered.
 
SQL> @gettrace  --得到trace文件的路径
 
TRACE_FILE_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Oracle/app/admin/ora10g/udump/ora10g_ora_31270.trc
 
SQL> !
[oracle@www.linuxidc.com ~]$ more /oracle/app/admin/ora10g/udump/ora10g_ora_31270.trc
 
/oracle/app/admin/ora10g/udump/ora10g_ora_31270.trc
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
ORACLE_HOME = /oracle/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
System name:    Linux
Node name:      www.linuxidc.com
Release:        2.6.18-164.el5
                   .
                   .
                   .
 
--  ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY DATABASE TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE
STARTUP NOMOUNT
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORA10G" NORESETLOGS  ARCHIVELOG
    MAXLOGFILES 16
    MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
    MAXDATAFILES 100
    MAXINSTANCES 8
    MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
  GROUP 1 '/oradata/ora10g/redo01.log'  SIZE 50M,
  GROUP 2 '/oradata/ora10g/redo02.log'  SIZE 50M,
  GROUP 3 '/oradata/ora10g/redo03.log'  SIZE 50M
-- STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE
  '/oradata/ora10g/system01.dbf',
  '/oradata/ora10g/undotbs01.dbf',
                            .
                            .
                            .
 
ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/oradata/ora10g/temp01.dbf'
     SIZE 20971520  REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 655360  MAXSIZE 32767M;
-- End of tempfile additions.
--
 
[oracle@www.linuxidc.com udump]$  cd
[oracle@www.linuxidc.com ~]$ vim recontro.sql ——拷贝trace文件中有用的语句重建控制文件。如果在之前没有备份的trace文件，我们可以从init{SID}.ora文件中得到数据文件、日志文件、数据库表空间等信息，把init{SID}.ora文件中的内容按以下格式创建重构控制文件脚本
 
STARTUP NOMOUNT
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORA10G" NORESETLOGS  ARCHIVELOG
    MAXLOGFILES 16
    MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
    MAXDATAFILES 100
    MAXINSTANCES 8
    MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
  GROUP 1 '/oradata/ora10g/redo01.log'  SIZE 50M,
  GROUP 2 '/oradata/ora10g/redo02.log'  SIZE 50M,
  GROUP 3 '/oradata/ora10g/redo03.log'  SIZE 50M
DATAFILE
  '/oradata/ora10g/system01.dbf',
  '/oradata/ora10g/undotbs01.dbf',
  '/oradata/ora10g/sysaux01.dbf',
  '/oradata/ora10g/users01.dbf'
CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
;
VARIABLE RECNO NUMBER;
EXECUTE :RECNO := SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.SETCONFIG('CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP','OFF');
RECOVER DATABASE
ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG ALL;
ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
     SIZE 20971520  REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 655360  MAXSIZE 32767M;
STARTUP NOMOUNT
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORA10G" RESETLOGS  ARCHIVELOG
    MAXLOGFILES 16
    MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
    MAXDATAFILES 100
    MAXINSTANCES 8
    MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
  GROUP 1 '/oradata/ora10g/redo01.log'  SIZE 50M,
  GROUP 2 '/oradata/ora10g/redo02.log'  SIZE 50M,
  GROUP 3 '/oradata/ora10g/redo03.log'  SIZE 50M
DATAFILE
  '/oradata/ora10g/system01.dbf',
  '/oradata/ora10g/undotbs01.dbf',
  '/oradata/ora10g/sysaux01.dbf',
  '/oradata/ora10g/users01.dbf'
CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
;
VARIABLE RECNO NUMBER;
EXECUTE :RECNO := SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.SETCONFIG('CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP','OFF');
RECOVER DATABASE USING BACKUP CONTROLFILE
ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS;
     SIZE 20971520  REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 655360  MAXSIZE 32767M;
"recontro.sql" 49L, 1641C 已写入
[oracle@www.linuxidc.com ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
 
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Jul 19 03:30:34 2011
 
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
 
 
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
 
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> set echo on       ——打开显示输出
SQL> @recontro        ——使用刚建立的重构控制文件的脚本重建控制文件
SQL> STARTUP NOMOUNT
ORACLE instance started.
 
Total System Global Area  209715200 bytes
Fixed Size                  1218556 bytes
Variable Size              75499524 bytes
Database Buffers          130023424 bytes
Redo Buffers                2973696 bytes
SQL> CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORA10G" NORESETLOGS     ARCHIVELOG
  2      MAXLOGFILES 16
  3      MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
  4      MAXDATAFILES 100
  5      MAXINSTANCES 8
  6      MAXLOGHISTORY 292
  7  LOGFILE
  8    GROUP 1 '/oradata/ora10g/redo01.log'     SIZE 50M,
  9    GROUP 2 '/oradata/ora10g/redo02.log'     SIZE 50M,
 10    GROUP 3 '/oradata/ora10g/redo03.log'     SIZE 50M
 11  DATAFILE
 12    '/oradata/ora10g/system01.dbf',
 13    '/oradata/ora10g/undotbs01.dbf',
 14    '/oradata/ora10g/sysaux01.dbf',
 15    '/oradata/ora10g/users01.dbf'
 16  CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
 17  ;
 
Control file created.
 
SQL> VARIABLE RECNO NUMBER;
SQL> EXECUTE :RECNO := SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.SETCONFIG('CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP','OFF');
 
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
 
SQL> RECOVER DATABASE
 
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG ALL;
 
System altered.
 
SQL> ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
 
Database altered.
 
SQL> ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/oradata/ora10g/temp01.dbf'
  2       SIZE 20971520  REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 655360  MAXSIZE 32767M;
 
Tablespace altered.
 
SQL> STARTUP NOMOUNT
ORA-01081: cannot start already-running ORACLE - shut it down first
SQL> CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORA10G" RESETLOGS  ARCHIVELOG
  2      MAXLOGFILES 16
  3      MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
  4      MAXDATAFILES 100
  5      MAXINSTANCES 8
  6      MAXLOGHISTORY 292
  7  LOGFILE
  8    GROUP 1 '/oradata/ora10g/redo01.log'     SIZE 50M,
  9    GROUP 2 '/oradata/ora10g/redo02.log'     SIZE 50M,
 10    GROUP 3 '/oradata/ora10g/redo03.log'     SIZE 50M
 11  DATAFILE
 12    '/oradata/ora10g/system01.dbf',
 13    '/oradata/ora10g/undotbs01.dbf',
 14    '/oradata/ora10g/sysaux01.dbf',
 15    '/oradata/ora10g/users01.dbf'
 16  CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
 17  ;
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORA10G" RESETLOGS  ARCHIVELOG
 
SQL> VARIABLE RECNO NUMBER;
SQL> EXECUTE :RECNO := SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.SETCONFIG('CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP','OFF');
 
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
 
SQL> RECOVER DATABASE USING BACKUP CONTROLFILE
 
SQL> ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS;
 
SQL> ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/oradata/ora10g/temp01.dbf'
  2       SIZE 20971520  REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 655360  MAXSIZE 32767M;
ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/oradata/ora10g/temp01.dbf'
 
Tablespace altered.
SQL> select open_mode from v$database;
 
OPEN_MODE
 

数据文件损坏，介质恢复

先物理冷备份数据库文件，
v$recover_file与v$recovery_log
这是两个动态性能视图，可以在mount下查看，通过这两个视图，你可以了解详细的需要恢复的数据文件与需要使用到的归档日志。
 
 
给你个例子：
SQL>   startup
ORACLE   instance   started.
Total   System   Global   Area     102020364   bytes
Fixed   Size                                         70924   bytes
Variable   Size                             85487616   bytes
Database   Buffers                       16384000   bytes
Redo   Buffers                                     77824   bytes
Database   mounted.
ORA-01157:   cannot   identify/lock   data   file   3   -   see   DBWR   trace   file
ORA-01110:   data   file   3:   'D:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TEST\USERS01.DBF '
还可以查看报警文件（见上一个恢复案例）或动态视图v$recover_file
如SQL>   select   *   from   v$recover_file;

          FILE#   ONLINE     ERROR                                   CHANGE#   TIME
----------   -------   ------------------   ----------   -----------
                  3   ONLINE                                                 1013500   2003-05-07


脱机数据文件
SQL>   alter   database   datafile   3   offline   drop;
Database   altered.

打开数据库，拷贝备份回来(restore)，恢复(recover)该数据文件，并联机
SQL>   alter   database   open;
Database   altered.
拷贝备份从备份处
copy   d:\databak\   users01.dbf   d:\oracle\oradata\test;
恢复该数据文件
SQL>   recover   datafile   3;
ORA-00279:   change   1053698   generated   at   05/07/2003   17:51:26   needed   for   thread   1
ORA-00289:   suggestion   :   D:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TEST\ARCHIVE\TESTT001S00304.ARC
ORA-00280:   change   1053698   for   thread   1   is   in   sequence   #304

Specify   log:   { <RET> =suggested   |   filename   |   AUTO   |   CANCEL}
AUTO
ORA-00279:   change   1053701   generated   at   05/07/2003   17:51:39   needed   for   thread   1
ORA-00289:   suggestion   :   D:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TEST\ARCHIVE\TESTT001S00305.ARC
ORA-00280:   change   1053701   for   thread   1   is   in   sequence   #305
ORA-00278:   log   file   'D:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TEST\ARCHIVE\TESTT001S00304.ARC '   no
longer   needed   for   this   recovery

Log   applied.
Media   recovery   complete.
恢复成功，联机该数据文件
SQL>   alter   database   datafile   3   online;
Database   altered.
检查数据库的数据（完全恢复）
SQL>   select   *   from   test;
                                                  A
---------------------------------------
                                                  1
                                                  2