python xlrd,xlwt 读写excel文件

本文介绍如何使用Python的xlrd和xlwt库进行Excel文件的读取与写入操作。包括安装所需库的方法、读取Excel文件的具体步骤及代码示例,并提供如何在Excel单元格中设置样式如字体加粗、背景色、超链接等。
摘要由CSDN通过智能技术生成

python 读excel文件,需要xlrd库。下载地址:https://pypi.python.org/pypi/xlrd

python 写excel文件,需要xlwt库。下载地址:https://pypi.python.org/pypi/xlwt/1.1.2

下载后修改扩展名为rar, 解压后安装:

安装成功后就可以引用了。如下代码:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import os
import xlrd
import xlwt
import datetime

##################读excel文件##############################

#打开Excel文件,参数:excelFile:Excel文件路径
def open_Excel(excelFile):
  excelFile = unicode(excelFile, "utf8")
  if os.path.isfile(excelFile):
    try:
      data = xlrd.open_workbook(excelFile)
      return data
    except Exception,e:
      print str(e)

'''往EXCEl单元格写内容,每次写一行sheet:页签名称;row:行内容列表;rowIndex:行索引;
isBold:true:粗字段,false:普通字体'''
def WriteSheetRow(sheet,rowValueList,rowIndex,isBold):
  i = 0
  style = xlwt.easyxf('font: bold 1') #粗字体

  #style = xlwt.easyxf('font: bold 1, color red;') #红色字体
  for svalue in rowValueList:
    strValue = unicode(str(svalue),'utf-8')
    if isBold:
      sheet.write(rowIndex,i,strValue,style)
    else:
      sheet.write(rowIndex,i,strValue)
    i = i + 1

#根据索引获取Excel表格中的数据 参数:excelFile:Excel文件路径 ,by_index:表的索引
def open_Excel_ByIndex(excelFile,sheetIndex):
  data = open_Excel(excelFile)
  table = data.sheets()[sheetIndex]
  nrows = table.nrows #行数
  ncols = table.ncols #列数
  cursor = getSqlCursor()
  for i in xrange(0,nrows):
    headCols = table.row_values(i) #某一行数据
    for a in headCols:
      print a

#测试
open_Excel_ByIndex("D:\\test.xlsx",0)

#根据名称获取Excel表格中的数据 参数:excelFile:Excel文件路径
#sheetName:Sheet1名称
def open_Excel_BySheetName(excelFile,sheetName):
  sheetName = unicode(sheetName, "utf8")
  data = open_Excel(excelFile)
  table = data.sheet_by_name(sheetName)
  nrows = table.nrows #行数
  ncols = table.ncols #列数
  cursor = getSqlCursor()
  for i in xrange(0,nrows):
    headCols = table.row_values(i) #某一行数据
    for a in headCols:
      print a
#测试
open_Excel_BySheetName("D:\\test.xlsx",'sheet1')

 

##################写excel文件##############################
'''写excel文件''' 
def save_Excel(strFile):
  excelFile = unicode(strFile, "utf8")
  wbk = xlwt.Workbook()
  sheet = wbk.add_sheet('sheet1')
  headList = ['标题1','标题2','标题3','标题4']
  rowIndex = 0
  WriteSheetRow(sheet,headList,rowIndex,,True)
  for i in xrange(1,11):
    rowIndex = rowIndex + 1
    valueList = []
    for j in xrange(1,5):
      valueList.append(j*i)
    WriteSheetRow(sheet,valueList,rowIndex,False)
  wbk.save(excelFile)

#测试
save_Excel("D:\\test.xlsx")

结果如下:

 ##################单元格常用设置##############################

1、设置超链接

  #设置超链接
  

  font = xlwt.Font() # Create Font
  font.colour_index = 4 # 蓝色字体
  font.underline=True
  style = xlwt.XFStyle()
  style.font = font
  sheet.write(rowIndex,4,xlwt.Formula('HYPERLINK("https://www.baidu.com";"baidu")'),style)

2、设置单元格背景色 

  #设置单元格背景色
  pattern = xlwt.Pattern()
  pattern.pattern = xlwt.Pattern.SOLID_PATTERN
  pattern.pattern_fore_colour = 5 #黄色
  style = xlwt.XFStyle()
  style.pattern = pattern
  sheet.write(5, 5, 'Cell Contents', style)
  ''' 颜色值
  0 = Black, 1 = White, 2 = Red, 3 = Green, 4 = Blue,
  5 = Yellow, 6 = Magenta, 7 = Cyan, 16 = Maroon,
  17 = Dark Green, 18 = Dark Blue, 19 = Dark Yellow ,
  20 = Dark Magenta, 21 = Teal,
  22 = Light Gray, 23 = Dark Gray
  '''

3、设置粗字体

  style = xlwt.easyxf('font: bold 1')

  sheet.write(5, 5, 'Cell Contents', style)

4、设置字体颜色

  style = xlwt.easyxf('font: bold 0, color red;')#红色字体

  sheet.write(5, 5, 'Cell Contents', style)

5、设置列宽带

  sheet.col(1).width = 3333 # 3333 = 1" (one inch)

6、设置日期格式

  style = xlwt.XFStyle()
  style.num_format_str = 'YYYY/MM/DD h:mm:ss' 
  sheet.write(5, 5, datetime.datetime.now(), style)

  

 


  #Other options: D-MMM-YY, D-MMM, MMM-YY, h:mm, h:mm:ss, h:mm, h:mm:ss,
  # M/D/YY h:mm, mm:ss, [h]:mm:ss, mm:ss.0

 7、合并行和列

  sheet.write_merge(0, 0, 0, 3, 'First Merge') 

  sheet.write_merge(2, 4, 0, 3, 'Second Merge')

  

 8、给单元格增加边框 

  borders = xlwt.Borders() # Create Borders
  borders.left = xlwt.Borders.DASHED

  # May be: NO_LINE, THIN, MEDIUM, DASHED, DOTTED, THICK, DOUBLE, HAIR, MEDIUM_DASHED,   THIN_DASH_DOTTED,              #MEDIUM_DASH_DOTTED, THIN_DASH_DOT_DOTTED, MEDIUM_DASH_DOT_DOTTED,

  #SLANTED_MEDIUM_DASH_DOTTED, or 0x00 through 0x0D.
  borders.right = xlwt.Borders.DASHED
  borders.top = xlwt.Borders.DASHED
  borders.bottom = xlwt.Borders.DASHED
  borders.left_colour = 0x40
  borders.right_colour = 0x40
  borders.top_colour = 0x40
  borders.bottom_colour = 0x40
  style = xlwt.XFStyle() # Create Style
  style.borders = borders # Add Borders to Style

  

9、设置单元格中内容中位置,居中,局左右等

  alignment = xlwt.Alignment() # Create Alignment
  # May be: HORZ_GENERAL, HORZ_LEFT, HORZ_CENTER, HORZ_RIGHT,
  #HORZ_FILLED, HORZ_JUSTIFIED, HORZ_CENTER_ACROSS_SEL, HORZ_DISTRIBUTED
  alignment.horz = xlwt.Alignment.HORZ_CENTER   #水平居中
  # May be: VERT_TOP, VERT_CENTER, VERT_BOTTOM, VERT_JUSTIFIED, VERT_DISTRIBUTED
  alignment.vert = xlwt.Alignment.VERT_CENTER    #垂直居中
  style = xlwt.XFStyle() # Create Style
  style.alignment = alignment # Add Alignment to Style
  sheet.write(5, 5, 'Cell Contents', style)

  

 

评论
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值