(一) Route Maps
特性:
Route Maps类似于access lists,不同之处在于Route Maps可以改变Packets/Routes的部分属性。
用途:
Route Maps主要用于Redistribution和Policy Routing及BGP的实现。
实现:
Policy Routing发送Packets到Route Maps实现策略路由转发。
Redistribution发送Routes到Route Maps实现路由条目的过滤。
配置说明:
Route Maps如果没有指定Action及Sequence Number属性,默认:
Action: permit
Sequence Number: 10
且Sequence Number不会自动增加。
即如果在使用Route Maps语句时不指定Sequence Number,则覆盖Sequence Number为10的默认条目。
Route Maps Deny Action:
Redistribution: 特定路由条目不会被重分布。
Policy Routing: 特定的Packets不会按策略路由转发,但会梗概正常的路由表条目转发。
Case Study:Policy Routing
注:(1)Policy Routing只影响入流量。
(2)可以使用Standard及Extended ACL.
(3)全局配置ip local policy route-map sense可将策略路由应用于Router本身发送的Packets.
<1> Standard ACL
<1> Standard ACL
interface Serial 0 ip address 172.16.5.1 255.255.255.0 ip policy route-map sense ! access-list 1 permit 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255 access-list 2 permit 172.16.7.0 0.0.0.255 ! route-map sense permit 10 match ip address 1 set ip next-hop 172.16.4.2 ! route-map sense permit 20 match ip address 2 set ip next-hop 172.16.4.3 |
<2> Extended ACL
interface Ethernet 0 ip address 172.16.1.4 255.255.255.0 ip policy route-map sense ! access-list 105 permit tcp 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255 eq ftp any access-list 105 permit tcp 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255 eq ftp-data any access-list 106 permit tcp 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255 eq telnet any ! route-map sense permit 10 match ip address 105 set ip next-hop 172.16.2.1 ! route-map sense permit 20 match ip address 106 set ip next-hop 172.16.3.1 |
<3> Length of the Packets
interface Ethernet0 ip address 172.16.1.4 255.255.255.0 ip policy route-map sense ! route-map sense permit 10 match length 1000 1600 set ip next-hop 172.16.2.1 ! route-map sense permit 20 match length 0 400 set ip next-hop 172.16.3.1 |
<4> Router's Packets
interface Ethernet0 ip address 172.16.1.4 255.255.255.0 ip policy route-map sense ! ip local policy route-map sense ! access-list 120 permit ip any 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255 access-list 120 permit ospf any any ! route-map sense permit 10 match ip address 120 ! route-map sense permit 20 match length 1000 1600 set ip next-hop 172.16.2.1 ! route-map sense permit 30 match length 0 400 set ip next-hop 172.16.3.1 |
注:如果没有第一个route-map条目,router本身的Packets及OSPF的Packets都会由于后两个route-map语句被转发到错误的地址。
Case Study: Policy Routing and Quality of Service Routing
Policy Routing结合ip包头的Precedence和Type of Service(TOS)可以实现基于QOS的策略路由。
注:Precedence和TOS的配置既可使用Number字段,也可以使用Keyword.
set ip precedence ------------------------------------- Bits Number Keyword 000 0 routine 001 1 priority 010 2 immediate 011 3 flash 100 4 flash-override 101 5 critical 110 6 internet 111 7 network ------------------------------------- set ip tos ------------------------------------- Bits Number Keyword 0000 0 normal 0001 1 min-monetary-cost 0010 2 max-reliability 0100 4 max-throughput 1000 8 min-delay ------------------------------------- interface Serial0 ip address 10.1.18.67 255.255.255.252 ip policy route-map sense ! interface Serial1 ip address 10.34.16.83.255.255.255.252 ip policy route-map sense ! access-list 1 permit 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 access-list 110 permit tcp any eq www any ! route-map sense permit 10 match ip address 1 110 set ip precedence critical ! route-map sense permit 20 set ip tos 10 set ip precedence priority Case Study: Route Tagging |
用途:
用于双向重分布时标识特定Domain的路由,以防路由被重分布回起源Domain.
使用方案:
通告路由条目的边缘Router在重分布时给路由条目加上Tag标识,做为Transit Network的Domain,不需要使用和识别Tag,仅仅需要将它传递到它的外部网络即可。
转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/micmia/238708