个人感觉还是这种配置方式最灵活了。
package com.baobaotao.conf;
public class LogDao {
public void print(){
System.out.println("helloworld");
}
}
package com.baobaotao.conf;
public class UserDao {
public void print(){
System.out.println("Helloworld");
}
}
package com.baobaotao.conf;
public class LogonService {
public UserDao userDao;
public LogDao logDao;
public void setLogDao(LogDao logDao) {
this.logDao = logDao;
}
public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
this.userDao = userDao;
}
public void print() {
System.out.println("helloworld");
}
}
先定义上面3个类。然后我们来测试。
package com.baobaotao.conf;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
//当通过手动注册配置类的时候,这个可以不写,如果想通过应用程序上下文获得这个bean,这个必须写
@Configuration
public class AppConf {
// 以下两个方法定义了两个Bean,并提供了Bean的实例化逻辑
@Bean
public UserDao userDao() {
return new UserDao();
}
@Bean
public LogDao logDao() {
return new LogDao();
}
// 定义了LogonService的Bean,名字是logonService1
@Bean(name="logonService1")
public LogonService logonService() {
LogonService logonService = new LogonService();
// 将上面定义的Bean注入到logonService Bean中
logonService.setLogDao(logDao());
logonService.setUserDao(userDao());
return logonService;
}
}
测试类。
package com.baobaotao.conf;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
public class ConfigTest {
@Test
public void test(){
//手动注册配置类
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext ac = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(AppConf.class);
//需找类型为LogonService,名字为logonService1的bean,如果没有指定名字,默认寻找匹配的类型.
LogonService logonService = ac.getBean("logonService1",LogonService.class);
logonService.print();
}
}
如果bean在多个@Configuration中定义。
package com.baobaotao.conf;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
public class DaoConfig {
@Bean
public UserDao userDao(){
return new UserDao();
}
@Bean
public LogDao logDao(){
return new LogDao();
}
}
package com.baobaotao.conf;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
@Configuration
public class ServiceConfig {
//想普通Bean一样注入DaoConfig
@Autowired
private DaoConfig daoConfig;
@Bean
public LogonService logonService(){
LogonService logonService = new LogonService();
//像普通Bean一样,调用Bean相关的方法
logonService.setLogDao(daoConfig.logDao());
logonService.setUserDao(daoConfig.userDao());
return logonService;
}
}
因为@Configuration是通过@Component进行元注解的,所以意味着通过@Configuration注解的类,可以被Spring的<context:component-scan>扫描到。故可以使用@Autowired进行自动装配。
bean.xml配置文件如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">
<context:annotation-config/>
<context:component-scan base-package="com.baobaotao.conf" />
</beans>
测试类。
package com.baobaotao.conf;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class ConfigTest {
@Test
public void test() {
//通过应用程序上下文获得bean
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
"com/baobaotao/conf/bean.xml");
LogonService logonService = ac.getBean(LogonService.class);
logonService.print();
}
}
通过component 扫描之后,使用@Configuration注解的类已经被组装到了xml文件中,所以可以使用应用程序上下文去得到这个bean。
通过configuration配置类引入xml配置文件
package com.baobaotao.conf;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ImportResource;
//通过@ImportResourcce引入XML配置文件
@Configuration
@ImportResource("classpath:com/baobaotao/conf/bean2.xml")
public class LogonAppConfig {
//自动注入XML文件中定义的Bean
@Bean
@Autowired
public LogonService logonService(UserDao userDao, LogDao logDao){
LogonService logonService = new LogonService();
logonService.setUserDao(userDao);
logonService.setLogDao(logDao);
return logonService;
}
}
引用的外部的bean2.xml配置文件如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">
<bean id="userDao" class="com.baobaotao.conf.UserDao"/>
<bean id="logDao" class="com.baobaotao.conf.LogDao"/>
</beans>
测试类。
package com.baobaotao.conf;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class ConfigTest {
@Test
public void test() {
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
"com/baobaotao/conf/bean.xml");
LogonService logonService = ac.getBean(LogonService.class);
logonService.print();
}
}
一般我自己习惯使用应用程序上下文的方式去统一获得bean。
当然可以在@bean中指定initMethod和destoryMethod方法。替换AppConf的@bean替换为
@Bean(name="logonService1",initMethod="startLife",destroyMethod="die")
和在xml文件中指定是一样的效果。当然xml中定义的全部bean配置选项可以通过java Config对应的方式进行配置,全部等价。
下面我这段实现了几乎"零"xml配置。
比如说我要注入为一个属性注入一个Date类型的对象,通常的做法是在应用程序上下文中注册一个属性编辑器,用于将文本类型转化为Date对象类型,spring自带的CustomDateEditor类就是这个功能,首先我需要声明一个实例,然后使用CustomEditorConfigurer实例来注册这个属性编辑器。大概这样配置好需要20行代码左右。如果改用Configuration,只需要在xml中添加context:component-scan需要扫描的包就够了。
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration("configurationTest")
public class ConfigurationTest {
@Autowired
@Qualifier("fromDate")
private Date fromDate;
@Bean(name = "fromDate")
public Date date() throws ParseException{
return new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd").parse("2007-09-11");
}
}
好了,就这样,我们已经为属性fromDate注入了一个Date类型的对象。