5. 分析表和索引(以得到更好的性能)


以下我将展示假如传送参数到一个脚本中:


####################################################################


## analyze_table.sh ##


####################################################################


#!/bin/ksh


# input parameter: 1: passWord # 2: SID


if (($#<1)) then echo "Please enter 'oracle' user password as the first parameter !" exit 0


fi


if (($#<2)) then echo "Please enter instance name as the second parameter!" exit 0


fi


要传入参数以执行该脚本,输入:


$ analyze_table.sh manager oradb1


脚本的第一部分产生了一个analyze.sql文件,里面包含了分析表用的语句。脚本的第二部分分析全部的表:


#################################################################


## analyze_table.sh ##


#################################################################


sqlplus -s '/ as sysdba' 《EOF


set heading off


set feed off


set pagesize 200


set linesize 100


spool analyze_table.sql


select 'ANALYZE TABLE ' || owner || '.' || segment_name ||


' ESTIMATE STATISTICS SAMPLE 10 PERCENT;'


from dba_segments


where segment_type = 'TABLE'


and owner not in ('SYS', 'SYSTEM');


spool off


exit


EOF


sqlplus -s '/ as sysdba' 《EOF


@./analyze_table.sql


exit


EOF



以下是analyze.sql的一个例子:


$ cat analyze.sql


ANALYZE TABLE HIRWIN.JANUSAGE_SUMMARY ESTIMATE STATISTICS SAMPLE 10 PERCENT;


ANALYZE TABLE HIRWIN.JANUSER_PROFILE ESTIMATE STATISTICS SAMPLE 10 PERCENT;


ANALYZE TABLE APPSSYS.HIST_SYSTEM_ACTIVITY ESTIMATE STATISTICS SAMPLE 10 PERCENT;


ANALYZE TABLE HTOMEH.QUEST_IM_VERSION ESTIMATE STATISTICS SAMPLE 10 PERCENT;


ANALYZE TABLE JSTENZEL.HIST_SYS_ACT_0615 ESTIMATE STATISTICS SAMPLE 10 PERCENT;


Linux :


#!/bin/bash


####################################################################


## analyze_table.sh ##


####################################################################


# input parameter: 1: passWord # 2: SID


if (($#<1))                                 ;if  [  $# -lt 1 ]


then


echo "Please enter  'sys' user password as the first parameter !"


read  pass    ; sys 用户口令


fi


if (($#<2))


then


echo "Please enter service name as the second parameter!"


read  name    ;输入连接的tnsnames中的连接符


fi


sqlplus  "sys/$pass@$name as sysdba" 《EOF


set heading off


set feedback off


set pagesize 200


set linesize 100


set echo off


set time off


set term off


set trims on


spool analyze_table.sql


select 'ANALYZE TABLE ' || owner || '.' || segment_name || ' ESTIMATE STATISTICS SAMPLE 10 PERCENT;' from dba_segments  where


segment_type = 'TABLE' and owner not in ('SYS', 'SYSTEM');


spool off


exit


EOF


lines=`cat analyze_table.sql|wc -l`


taillines=`expr $lines - 1`


tail -$taillines analyze_table.sql >1.tmp


headlines=`expr $taillines - 1`


head -$headlines 1.tmp > analyze_tab.sql


rm 1.tmp


sqlplus  '/ as sysdba' 《EOF


@./analyze_tab.sql


exit


EOF



改进版:


------------------------


#!/bin/bash


####################################################################


## analyze_table.sh ##


####################################################################


# input parameter: 1: passWord # 2: SID


if (($#<1))


then


echo "Please enter  'sys' user password as the first parameter !"


read  pass


fi


if (($#<2))


then


echo "Please enter service name as the second parameter!"


read  name


fi


sqlplus "sys/$pass@$name as sysdba" 《EOF


set heading off


set feedback off


set pagesize 200


set linesize 100


set echo off


set time off


set term off


set trims on


spool analyze_table.sql


select 'ANALYZE TABLE ' || owner || '.' || segment_name || ' ESTIMATE STATISTICS SAMPLE 10 PERCENT;' from dba_segments  where


segment_type = 'TABLE' and owner not in ('SYS', 'SYSTEM');


spool off


exit


EOF


lines=`cat analyze_table.sql|wc -l`


taillines=`expr $lines - 1`


tail -$taillines analyze_table.sql >1.tmp


headlines=`expr $taillines - 1`


head -$headlines 1.tmp > analyze_tab.sql


rm 1.tmp


sqlplus  '/ as sysdba' 《EOF


@./analyze_tab.sql


exit


EOF


----------------------------




6. 检查表空间的使用


以下的脚本检测表空间的使用。假如表空间只剩下10%,它将会发送一个警告email。


#####################################################################


## ck_tbsp.sh ##


#####################################################################


#!/bin/ksh


EDITOR=vi; export EDITOR


ORACLE_SID=PPRD10; export ORACLE_SID


ORACLE_BASE=/data/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE


ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/10.2.0; export ORACLE_HOME


LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH


TNS_ADMIN=/var/opt/oracle;export TNS_ADMIN


NLS_LANG=american; export NLS_LANG


NLS_DATE_FORMAT='Mon DD YYYY HH24:MI:SS'; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT


ORATAB=/var/opt/oracle/oratab;export ORATAB


PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/ccs/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/openwin/bin:/opt/bin:.; export


PATH


DBALIST="tianlesoftware@vip.qq.com,tianlesoftware@hotmail.com";export DBALIST


sqlplus -s '/ as sysdba' 《EOF


set feed off


set linesize 100


set pagesize 200


column "USED (MB)" format a10


column "FREE (MB)" format a10


column "TOTAL (MB)" format a10


column PER_FREE format a10


spool tablespace.alert


SELECT F.TABLESPACE_NAME,


TO_CHAR ((T.TOTAL_SPACE - F.FREE_SPACE),'999,999') "USED (MB)",


TO_CHAR (F.FREE_SPACE, '999,999') "FREE (MB)",


TO_CHAR (T.TOTAL_SPACE, '999,999') "TOTAL (MB)",


TO_CHAR ((ROUND ((F.FREE_SPACE/T.TOTAL_SPACE)*100)),'999')||' %' PER_FREE


FROM (


SELECT   TABLESPACE_NAME,


ROUND (SUM (BLOCKS*(SELECT   VALUE/1024


FROM V$PARAMETER


WHERE NAME = 'db_block_size')/1024)


) FREE_SPACE


FROM DBA_FREE_SPACE


GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME


) F,



SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME,


ROUND (SUM (BYTES/1048576)) TOTAL_SPACE


FROM DBA_DATA_FILES


GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME


) T


WHERE F.TABLESPACE_NAME = T.TABLESPACE_NAME


AND (ROUND ((F.FREE_SPACE/T.TOTAL_SPACE)*100)) < 80;


spool off


exit


EOF


if [ `cat tablespace.alert|wc -l` -gt 0 ]


then


cat tablespace.alert > tablespace.tmp


mailx -s "TABLESPACE  ALERT  for  PPRD10" $DBALIST < tablespace.tmp


fi



警告email输出的例子如下:


TABLESPACE_NAME                USED (MB)  FREE (MB)  TOTAL (MB) PER_FREE


------------------------------ ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------


SYSTEM                              519        401        920     44 %


MILLDATA                            559        441      1,000     44 %


SYSAUX                              331        609        940     65 %


MILLREPORTS                         146        254        400     64 %


linux:



查看表空间使用率


select a.tablespace_name,


round(a.total_size) "total_size(mb)",


round(a.total_size) - round(b.free_size,3) "unsed_size(mb)",


round(b.free_size,3) "free_size(mb)",


round(b.free_size/total_size *100,2) ||'%' free_rate


from


(select tablespace_name,sum(bytes) /1024/1024 total_size


from dba_data_files


group by tablespace_name) a,


(select tablespace_name,sum(bytes)/1024/1024 free_size


from dba_free_space


group by tablespace_name) b


where a.tablespace_name=b.tablespace_name(+);





7. 查找出无效的数据库对象


以下查找出无效的数据库对象:


#####################################################################


##invalid_object_alert.sh


#####################################################################


#!/bin/ksh


EDITOR=vi; export EDITOR


ORACLE_SID=PPRD10; export ORACLE_SID


ORACLE_BASE=/data/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE


ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/10.2.0; export ORACLE_HOME


LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH


TNS_ADMIN=/var/opt/oracle;export TNS_ADMIN


NLS_LANG=american; export NLS_LANG


NLS_DATE_FORMAT='Mon DD YYYY HH24:MI:SS'; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT


ORATAB=/var/opt/oracle/oratab;export ORATAB


PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/ccs/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/openwin/bin:/opt/bin:.; export PATH


DBALIST="tianlesoftware@vip.qq.com,tianlesoftware@hotmail.com";export DBALIST


sqlplus -s '/ as sysdba' 《EOF


set feed off


set heading off


column OWNER format a10


column OBJECT_NAME format a35


column OBJECT_TYPE format a10


column STATUS format a10


spool invalid_object.alert


SELECT OWNER, OBJECT_NAME, OBJECT_TYPE, STATUS FROM DBA_OBJECTS WHERE STATUS = 'INVALID' ORDER BY OWNER, OBJECT_TYPE,


OBJECT_NAME;


spool off


exit


EOF


if [ `cat invalid_object.alert | wc -l` -gt 0 ] then


mailx -s "INVALID OBJECTS for PPRD10" $DBALIST < invalid_object.alert


fi


$ more invalid_object.alert


PUBLIC     ALL_WM_LOCKED_TABLES                SYNONYM    INVALID


PUBLIC     ALL_WM_VERSIONED_TABLES             SYNONYM    INVALID


PUBLIC     DBA_WM_VERSIONED_TABLES             SYNONYM    INVALID


PUBLIC     SDO_CART_TEXT                       SYNONYM    INVALID


PUBLIC     SDO_GEOMETRY                        SYNONYM    INVALID


PUBLIC     SDO_REGAGGR                         SYNONYM    INVALID


PUBLIC     SDO_REGAGGRSET                      SYNONYM    INVALID


PUBLIC     SDO_REGION                          SYNONYM    INVALID


PUBLIC     SDO_REGIONSET                       SYNONYM    INVALID


PUBLIC     USER_WM_LOCKED_TABLES               SYNONYM    INVALID


PUBLIC     USER_WM_VERSIONED_TABLES            SYNONYM    INVALID


PUBLIC     WM_COMPRESS_BATCH_SIZES             SYNONYM    INVALID




8. 监视用户和事务(死锁等)


以下的脚本在死锁发生的时候发送一个警告e-mail:


###################################################################


## deadlock_alert.sh ##


###################################################################


#!/bin/ksh


EDITOR=vi; export EDITOR


ORACLE_SID=PPRD10; export ORACLE_SID


ORACLE_BASE=/data/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE


ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/10.2.0; export ORACLE_HOME


LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH


TNS_ADMIN=/var/opt/oracle;export TNS_ADMIN


NLS_LANG=american; export NLS_LANG


NLS_DATE_FORMAT='Mon DD YYYY HH24:MI:SS'; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT


ORATAB=/var/opt/oracle/oratab;export ORATAB


PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/ccs/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/openwin/bin:/opt/bin:.; export PATH


DBALIST="tianlesoftware@vip.qq.com,tianlesoftware@hotmail.com";export DBALIST


sqlplus -s '/ as sysdba' 《EOF


set feed off


set heading off


spool deadlock.alert


SELECT SID, DECODE(BLOCK, 0, 'NO', 'YES' ) BLOCKER,


DECODE(REQUEST, 0, 'NO','YES' ) WAITER


FROM V$LOCK


WHERE REQUEST > 0 OR BLOCK > 0


ORDER BY block DESC;


spool off


exit


EOF


if [ `cat deadlock.alert | wc -l` -gt 0 ]


then


mailx -s "DEADLOCK ALERT for PPRD10" $DBALIST < deadlock.alert


fi




四、结论


0,20,40 7-17 * * 1-5 /dba/scripts/ckinstance.sh > /dev/null 2>&1


0,20,40 7-17 * * 1-5 /dba/scripts/cklsnr.sh > /dev/null 2>&1


0,20,40 7-17 * * 1-5 /dba/scripts/ckalertlog.sh > /dev/null 2>&1


30 * * * 0-6 /dba/scripts/clean_arch.sh > /dev/null 2>&1


* 5 * * 1,3 /dba/scripts/analyze_table.sh > /dev/null 2>&1


* 5 * * 0-6 /dba/scripts/ck_tbsp.sh > /dev/null 2>&1


* 5 * * 0-6 /dba/scripts/invalid_object_alert.sh > /dev/null 2>&1


0,20,40 7-17 * * 1-5 /dba/scripts/deadlock_alert.sh > /dev/null 2>&1


通过以上的脚本,可大大减轻你的工作。你可以使用这些是来做更重要的工作,例如性能调整。


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