DNS集群搭建实战

实验环境:RHEL7.0   

           主DNS   server1.example.com  172.25.254.1

           辅助DNS server2.example.com  172.25.254.2


实验内容:1.主DNS配置

                 2.辅助DNS配置

                 3.辅助DNS动态获取主DNS数据

                 4.DNS更新

                 5.有Key才能对主机进行更新

                 6.DDNS搭建


前提:装bind软件,关火墙,关SELINUNX,开启53端口 


1.主DNS配置(IP:172.25.254.158)   

    1)vim /etc/named.conf    

        //    listen-on port 53 { 127.0.0.1; };     

        //    allow-query     { localhost; };         

        dnssec-validation no;     (//代表开启着接口)    

    2)vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones                

        zone "willis.com" IN {
                type master;
                file "willis.com.zone";
                allow-update { none; };
                allow-transfer { 172.25.254.2; };##允许谁同步 
        };

    3)cp -p /var/named/      /var/named/willis.com.zone#特殊文件,注意权限 

    4)vim /var/named/willis.com.zone       

            $TTL 1D
            @       IN SOA  dns.willis.com. root. (
                                                    0       ; serial
                                                    1D      ; refresh
                                                    1H      ; retry
                                                    1W      ; expire
                                                    3H )    ; minimum
            NS      dns.willis.com.
            dns     A       172.25.254.1
            www     A       172.25.254.1
    5)vim /etc/resolv.conf     

        nameserver 172.25.254.1     

    6)systemctl start named  


2.辅助DNS 

    1)vim /etc/named.conf      

        //    listen-on port 53 { 127.0.0.1; };     

        //    allow-query     { localhost; };         

        dnssec-validation no;   

    2)vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones      

          zone "willis.com" IN {
                type slave;

                masters { 172.25.254.1; };

                file "slaves/willis.com.zone";
                allow-update { none; };
        };

    3)vim /etc/resolv.conf     

        nameserver 172.25.254.1   

    4)systemctl start named   


3.辅助DNS动态获取主DNS数据(数据同步)  

1)主DNS       

    1-1)vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones 

            zone "willis.com" IN {     

                    type master;    

                     file "w.com.zone";     

                     allow-update { none; };         

                     allow-transfer { 172.25.254.2; };       

                      also-notify { 172.25.254.2; }; ##添加此条,当DNS文件发生改变时,将数据推送给谁 

                      };    

    1-2)vim /var/named/willis.com.zone     

         $TTL 1D

         @    IN SOA    dns.willis.com.  root. (        

                     31    ; serial   #此值改变,进行数据推送         

                     1D    ; refresh          

                     1H    ; retry             

                     1W    ; expire             

                     3H )    ; minimum     

        NS    dns.willis.com. 

        dns    A    172.25.254.1

        www    A       172.25.254.1        

    1-3)systemctl restart named    


2)辅助DNS        

2-1)vim /etc/resolv.conf               

named 172.25.254.1       

[root@server2 slaves]# ls
willis.com.zone
[root@server2 slaves]# rm -rf willis.com.zone 
[root@server2 slaves]# ls
[root@server2 slaves]# dig www.willis.com

; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-14.el7 <<>> www.willis.com
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 63871
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;www.willis.com.            IN    A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
www.willis.com.        86400    IN    A    172.25.254.1

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
willis.com.        86400    IN    NS    dns.willis.com.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
dns.willis.com.        86400    IN    A    172.25.254.1

;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: 172.25.254.1#53(172.25.254.1)
;; WHEN: Wed Sep 07 20:32:55 CST 2016
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 93

[root@server2 slaves]# ls
willis.com.zone


4.DNS更新(远程主机对DNS A记录修改)

cp -p /var/named/westos.com.zone  /mnt  ##备份,便于恢复    

    1)主DNS           

    1-1)vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones zone 

            zone "willis.com" IN {
                    type master;
                    file "willis.com.zone";
                    allow-update { 172.25.254.2; };  ##添加此条,允许那个远程主机DNS更新主机DNS A记录  
                    allow-transfer { 172.25.254.2; };
                    also-notify { 172.25.254.2; };
            };

    1-2)chmod g+w /var/named    ###此目录必须对named组有执行                   

    1-3)systemctl restart named     


    2)辅助DNS(远程DNS)进行更新      

[root@server2 slaves]# nsupdate 
> server 172.25.254.1
> update add hello.willis.com 86400 A 172.25.254.3
> send

    3)测试  dig hello.willis.com    

[root@server2 slaves]# dig hello.willis.com

; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-14.el7 <<>> hello.willis.com
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 8312
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;hello.willis.com.        IN    A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
hello.willis.com.    86400    IN    A    172.25.254.3

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
willis.com.        86400    IN    NS    dns.willis.com.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
dns.willis.com.        86400    IN    A    172.25.254.1

;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: 172.25.254.1#53(172.25.254.1)
;; WHEN: Wed Sep 07 20:47:58 CST 2016
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 95

    4)恢复  rm -rf  /var/named/willis.com.zone  

               rm -rf  /var/named/willis.com.zone.jnl           

               cp -p /mnt/willis.come.zone    /var/named/ 


5.有Key才可对主机进行更新    

1)主DNS     

   1-1)cp -p /etc/rndc.key  /etc/willis.key    

   1-2)cd /mnt          

        dnssec-keygen -a HMAC-MD5 -b 128 -n HOST willis     

[root@server1 mnt]# dnssec-keygen -a HMAC-MD5 -b 128 -n HOST willis
    Kwillis.+157+54370
[root@server1 mnt]# ls
    Kwillis.+157+54370.key  Kwillis.+157+54370.private
[root@server1 mnt]# cat Kwillis.+157+54370.key 
    willis. IN KEY 512 3 157 D3lJsH/gcsyTGmQfDKl/DA==

  1-3)vim /etc/willis.key         

        key "willis" {
            algorithm hmac-md5;
            secret "D3lJsH/gcsyTGmQfDKl/DA==";
        };

  1-4)vim /etc/named.conf         

  在options {};外添加 include "/etc/willis.key";  

  1-5)vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones 

             修改为allow-update { key willis; };     

  1-6)scp Ksteven.+157+09355.*  root@172.25.254.187:/mnt/          

  1-7)systemctl restart named    


2)辅助DNS   

[root@server2 slaves]# nsupdate     
> server 172.25.254.1
> update add wahaha.willis.com 86400 A 172.25.254.3
> send
update failed: REFUSED      ###DNS更新失败


[root@server2 slaves]# nsupdate -k /mnt/Kwillis.+157+54370.private 
> server 172.25.254.1
> update add wahaha.willis.com 86400 A 172.25.254.3
> send  

    ###添加密码认证后更新成功

测试)

[root@server2 slaves]# dig wahaha.willis.com

; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-14.el7 <<>> wahaha.willis.com
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 40086
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;wahaha.willis.com.        IN    A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
wahaha.willis.com.    86400    IN    A    172.25.254.3

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
willis.com.        86400    IN    NS    dns.willis.com.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
dns.willis.com.        86400    IN    A    172.25.254.1

;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: 172.25.254.1#53(172.25.254.1)
;; WHEN: Wed Sep 07 21:12:16 CST 2016
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 96

6.ddns 

DHCP+DNS=DDNS 

动态DNS(DDNS)需要DNS和DHCP来协同工作。 

Linux下也可以实现DDNS,不过DNS需要Bind8以上的版本,DHCP需要3.0以上的版本。   

1)DNS环境恢复  

           rm -rf /var/named/willis.com.zone                         

           rm -rf /var/named/willis.com.zone.jnl           

           cp -p /mnt/willis    /var/named/   

2)dhcp配置    

2-1  yum install dhcp -y      

2-2  cp -p /usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.2.5/dhcpd.conf.example /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

(3)vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf ################################################option domain-name "server1.example.com";

option domain-name-servers 172.25.254.1;  

default-lease-time 600; 

max-lease-time 7200;  

# DHCP server to understand the network topology.  

subnet 172.25.254.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {     

range 172.25.254.80 172.25.254.90;     

option routers 172.25.254.1; 

}  


key willis {          

algorithm hmac-md5;          

secret D3lJsH/gcsyTGmQfDKl/DA==; ####密钥        

};  


zone yqy.com. {          

primary 172.25.254.1;         

key willis;        


(4)systemctl restart named    

    systemctl restart dhcpd

附注:man dhcpd.conf 查找关键字key 


2.辅助服务器 

systemctl restart network 

ifconfig  ###得到一个主服务器server的给的一个IP 

hostnamectl set-hostname bbs.willis.com 

dig bbs.willis.com   ###测试



本文转自willis_sun 51CTO博客,原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/willis/1847495,如需转载请自行联系原作者

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